ricu - british muslim media consumption report
TRANSCRIPT
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RICU Research, Inormation and Communications Unit
British Muslim MediaConsumption Report
March 2010(Research completed June 2008)
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Beginning o report
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British Muslim MediaConsumption Report
March 2010(Research completed June 2008)
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CONTEST, the UKs counter-terrorism strategy, aims to reduce the risk to the UK and its interests from
international terrorism, so that people can go about their daily lives freely and with condence. It details the
terrorist threat we face and how it has evolved, and sets out the principles that govern our response to this
threat, our achievements to date, the challenges, and what we intend to do next.
CONTESTcomprises four principal workstreams, each with a clear objective:
Pursue To stop terrorist attacks.
Prevent To stop people becoming terrorists or supporting violent extremism.
Protect To strengthen our protection against terrorist attacks.
Prepare Where an attack cannot be stopped, to mitigate its impact.
A copy of the CONTESTstrategy is available on the Home Oce website:
http://security.homeoce.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/HO_Contest_strategy/HO_
Contest_strategy22835.pdf?view=Binary
The Research, Information and Communications Unit (RICU) was established in June 2007 and is staed and
directed by CLG, the Foreign and Commonwealth Oce and the Home Oce. The unit forms part of the Oce
for Security and Counter Terrorism in the Home Oce and supports the delivery ofCONTEST.
The purpose of RICU is to ensure that the UK Government communicates eectively to reduce the risk of
terrorism, by:
advising CONTESTpartners on their counter-terrorism-related communications
using communications to expose the weaknesses of violent extremist ideologies and brands, and
using communications to support credible alternatives to violent extremism.
Fundamental to achieving RICUs objectives is the commissioning of communications research which provides
Government with an evidence base upon which it can eectively communicate all aspects of its CT strategy to a
variety of audiences.
The overarching objectives of RICUs research programme are to: understand the audiences that Government
is talking to; understand the impact of the message content, and the language used by Government when
discussing CT-related issues; identify which channels are most eective in helping Government to reach
audiences and to ensure that messages resonant eectively; and evaluate the impact of Governments CT
communications.
Disclaimer
The research was carried out by TNS. The views expressed are those of the authors and are not necessarily
shared by the Home Oce, Foreign and Commonwealth Oce or Department for Communities and LocalGovernment (nor do they represent Government policy).
Crown Copyright 2010
Extracts from this document may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes on condition that the source is
acknowledged.
This information is also available on the Home Oce website:
http://security.homeoce.gov.uk
First Published: March 2010
Research completed: June 2008
ISSN 2042-8251 ISBN 978-1-84987-160-0
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Contents
1. Executive summary .......................................................................................................................................1
Setting the scene .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Media consumption television.....................................................................................................................................................2
Media consumption other media ............................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Background ............................................................................................................................................................................................5
Research objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Research method ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
3. Setting the scene ...........................................................................................................................................8
Demographic prole ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
How long resided in UK......................................................................................................................................................................9
Other Muslims country o birth .................................................................................................................................................11
Languages spoken ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Languages consume media in ......................................................................................................................................................14
Religious and cultural behaviour ..................................................................................................................................................16
4. General concerns ......................................................................................................................................... 19
5. General interests..........................................................................................................................................22
General Interests .................................................................................................................................................................................22
Interest in key types o inormation ...........................................................................................................................................23
6. General media consumption ......................................................................................................................25
Media reach summary ......................................................................................................................................................................25
Types o television received ..........................................................................................................................................................25
Types o TV programmes usually watched ...............................................................................................................................26
TV channels watched nowadays...................................................................................................................................................29
TV programmes usually watched .................................................................................................................................................32
TV programmes would watch i eatured issues afecting Muslims ................................................................................33
Radio stations listened to/requency o listening ...................................................................................................................33
Newspapers read/requency o reading ....................................................................................................................................35
Magazines read/requency o reading ......................................................................................................................................37
Internet access, orums/blogs and website usage ................................................................................................................38
7. Information sources used to nd out about interest areas .....................................................................43
Reminder: Interest in key types o inormation .......................................................................................................................43
Media used or diferent types o inormation ........................................................................................................................43
8. Information sources used to nd out about interest areas .....................................................................47
APPENDIX 1: Special interest groups and other channels by media ............................................................49
Examples o ndings .........................................................................................................................................................................49
Other channels by media ...............................................................................................................................................................52
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Tables
Table 1: Sample prole and weighting .............................................................................................................................. 6
Table 2: Language interview conducted in
1 in 10 interviews conducted in non-English language.............................................................................. 6 Table 3: Demographic prole (1) o British Muslim sample compared to general population ..................... 8
Table 4: Prole o sample by social grade and employment status
Demographic prole (2) ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Table 5: Generation o immigrant and length o time in the UK/whether born in UK.....................................9
Table 6: Demographic prole by ethnicity .....................................................................................................................10
Table 7: Other Muslims country o birth ...................................................................................................................... 11
Table 8: English regularly spoken/main language .......................................................................................................12
Table 9: Languages regularly spoken at home by ethnic group ............................................................................ 13
Table 10: Languages used or watching TV/listening to radio ..................................................................................15 Table 11: Languages used or reading print media and websites ........................................................................... 16
Table 12: Prole o those who watch TV channels daily ..............................................................................................29
Table 13: TV channels watched by ethnic group (1) ......................................................................................................30
Table 14: TV channels watched by ethnic group (2)...................................................................................................... 31
Table 15: Radio stations listened to by ethnic group ....................................................................................................35
Table 16: Newspaper readership by ethnic group .........................................................................................................37
Table 17: Media used or diferent types o inormation ............................................................................................44
Table 18: Subgroups use o media to nd out about key types o inormation
Higher Amongst ......................................................................................................................................................44
Table 19: TV channels used to nd out about key types o inormation (1) .........................................................46
Figures
Figure 1: Subgroups or analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Figure 2: Languages regularly spoken/main language ............................................................................................... 12
Figure 3: Languages used or media consumption ......................................................................................................14
Figure 4: Religious/cultural behaviour ...............................................................................................................................17
Figure 5: Diferences in level o observance by ethnic group
Religious/cultural behaviour ...............................................................................................................................18
Figure 6: Respondents major concerns ............................................................................................................................19
Figure 7: British Muslims major concerns compared to those o the general population ............................20
Figure 8: Major concerns by ethnic group .......................................................................................................................21
Figure 9: Respondents general interests .........................................................................................................................22
Figure 10: Interest in key types o inormation .................................................................................................................23
Figure 11: Overview o media reach among British Muslims ......................................................................................25
Figure 12: Types o television received ...............................................................................................................................26
Figure 13: TV programmes usually watched by ve per cent o more o sample ................................................27
Figure 14: TV programmes watched by demographic subgroups ............................................................................27
Figure 15: TV programmes watched key diferences by ethnic group .................................................................28
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Figure 16: TV channels watched and requency ..............................................................................................................28
Figure 17: TV programmes usually watched .....................................................................................................................32
Figure 18: TV programmes would watch i specic issue o interest ........................................................................33
Figure 19: Radio stations listened to and requency ......................................................................................................34
Figure 20: Newspapers read and requency ......................................................................................................................36
Figure 21: Magazines read ........................................................................................................................................................38
Figure 22: Internet access .........................................................................................................................................................39
Figure 23: Participation in discussion orums and blogs ...............................................................................................40
Figure 24: Types o websites visited ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 25: Websites visited and requency .........................................................................................................................42
Figure 26: Interest in key types o inormation .................................................................................................................43
Figure 27: Key diferences in channel use by ethnic group ..........................................................................................45
Figure 28: Trusted sources o inormation ..........................................................................................................................47
Figure 29: Non-trusted sources o inormation ................................................................................................................48
Figure A1.1: Q25 TV channels watched nowadays ..........................................................................................................52
Figure A1.2: Q28 Radio stations listened to nowadays ...................................................................................................53
Figure A1.3: Q30 Newspapers read nowadays ..................................................................................................................53
Figure A1.4: Q32 Magazines read nowadays .....................................................................................................................54
Figure A1.5: Q35 Websites visited more than once ..........................................................................................................54
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1. Executive summary
Setting the scene
Country o birth
Nearly two-thirds o respondents (65%) were born
outside the UK. Even where they were born in
this country, the vast majority had parents born
elsewhere. Among those born outside the UK there
was an even spread in terms o when they had
arrived, ranging rom less than ve years ago to 30
years or more ago.
Language
English was regularly spoken at home by nearly
three-quarters o those interviewed (72%) and was
the main language or about hal o them (and or
38% o the sample as a whole). Three out o ve were
multilingual.
English was more likely to be spoken among younger
(16- to 34-year-olds 83%) and more highly educated
respondents (81%); and those who had lived here
longest (30+ years 81%).
The Turkish/Kurdish ethnic group was least likely
to speak English regularly (59%) or as their main
language (28%). Iraqis (20%), Somalis/Other East
Aricans (19%) and North Aricans (22%) were also less
likely to have English as their main language.
There was a high level o media consumption in
English (86% TV/radio; 81% written media). Urdu was
the next most commonly used language (35% TV/
radio; 24% written media).
Unsurprisingly, the groups that were more likely to
consume media in English matched those more likely
to speak English.
Religious and cultural behaviour
Those interviewed generally observed many o the
religious behaviours, with nearly two-thirds (65%)
giving the most observant response on at least three
out o the ve behaviours. Four out o ve (80%)
claimed to only ever eat Halal ood; three-quarters
observed all the Ramadan/Lent asts (75%) and three
out o ve prayed at home every day (60%).
Looking at the subgroups, women (68%), those aged
over 35 (68%) and rst-generation immigrants (67%)
were more likely to pray every day. Males (53%) and
those aged 45+ (49%) were more likely to go to the
mosque/church more than once a week. Women
(46%) and those aged 45+ (45%) were more likely
always to wear traditional clothes.
Turkish/Kurdish respondents were least likely o
all the ethnic groups to observe all o the religious
behaviours.
Concerns and topics o interest
When shown a list o possible concerns and asked
which they elt they were acing today, crime was
mentioned by the highest proportion o respondents
(31%) ollowed by drugs (26%) and indeed these
were the main concerns or the general population
(35% and 25% respectively). Discrimination was o
greater interest to British Muslims (mentioned by
13% versus only 5% o the population as a whole),
but immigration, pensions and provision o health
services/the NHS were relatively lesser concerns or
this audience than or the population.
However, looking at the subgroups, immigration was
o greater concern to Iraqis (20%) and to those who
had been in the UK the shortest time (ve years or less
18%). Drugs were o greater concern to Pakistanis
(36%) and standards in education to Bangladeshis
(16%).
Religion and culture was the main topic o interest
to British Muslims (58%). World and British news
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were mentioned by 39 per cent and 30 per cent
respectively, sport by 39 per cent and entertainment
by 35 per cent. The Turkish/Kurdish group was least
interested in religion/culture (40%).
Interest in key types o inormation
When asked to rate their level o interest in the our
key areas, nine out o ten respondents (92%) said they
were interested in their religion and culture. Slightly
ewer were interested in domestic or international
news (82% in each case) and three-quarters (76%)
were interested in entertainment.
All other ethnic groups were more likely to beinterested in religion and culture compared to the
Turkish/Kurdish group (43%) and Iraqis (48%).
Those who were more highly educated, or example
with a degree, were more likely to be interested in
news (domestic 89% and international 90%).
Younger respondents were more likely to be
interested in entertainment (85%), while those aged
2544 years were more likely to be interested in
domestic news (87%).
Media consumption television
Types o television
About our out o ve respondents (83%) received
some orm o multi-channel TV, with Sky satellite
TV the most common type (53%). Bangladeshis and
Pakistanis were more likely to receive Sky (71% and
64% respectively). Turkish/Kurdish respondents, North
Aricans and Iraqis were more likely to have other
orms o satellite TV (45%, 33% and 30% respectively).
Types o TV programmes watched
The vast majority o those interviewed watched any
TV (93%). Films were most popular (50%), ollowed by
news/weather (38%) and ootball (36%). Around three
out o ten (29%) watched religious programmes.
Films, music and comedies were more likely to be
watched by younger respondents and those very
interested in entertainment. Religious programmes
were more likely to be watched by those aged 4554
(41%) and those very interested in religion and culture
(39%).
TV channels watched/requency
The ve main terrestrial channels were generally the
most likely to be watched, with BBC One watched by
the highest proportion (53%). Around three out o
ve respondents (59%) watched any specialist ethnic
minority channels the Islam Channel was most likely
to be watched (27%). News channels also had notablelevels o mentions (BBC News 24 24%; Sky News
22%).
Looking at requency, news channels (BBC News 24
and Sky News), GEO TV and Zee TV were most likely to
be watched daily.
TV programmes watched
From a prompted list o TV programmes, EastEnders
was the soap opera most likely to be watched (33%)
and was in act the most mentioned programme.
Crimewatch was viewed by a similar number o
respondents (31%).
There were gender diferences between these
programmes, with EastEnders higher among
emales (44%) and Crimewatch higher among males
(36%). EastEnders was more likely to be watched
by Pakistanis (40%) and Bangladeshis (37%), whileCrimewatch was more likely to be watched by
Pakistanis (33%) and other Muslims (38%).
TV programmes would watch i eatured
issues afecting Muslims
Panorama was the programme most likely to be
watched (i not currently watched) i it eatured
such an issue, being mentioned by 17 per cent
o respondents. Newsnight was mentioned by
somewhat ewer respondents (12%).
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Media consumption other media
Radio
About hal o respondents (46%) listened to any radio
stations. BBC Asian Network (11%), BBC Radio 1 (9%)
and Sunrise Radio (9%) were most likely to be listened
to. Although they had ewer listeners, Kiss 100 FM and
BBC Five Live (7% and 5% respectively) were most
likely to be listened to daily.
Pakistanis were more likely to listen to BBC Asian
Network (17%) and Sunrise Radio (15%). Those
educated to degree level or above were more likely to
listen to Radio 1 (18%).
Print
Just over two-thirds o respondents (67%) read any
newspapers. Metro had the highest readership at 24
per cent (due to the concentration o Muslims in city
areas).
The Sun was the tabloid with the highest readership
(17%) and among broadsheets The Guardian (6%) was
mentioned by more than any other. The Daily Jang
was the specialist ethnic minority paper with the
highest level o mentions (5%).
Younger respondents (1634 30%) and those with a
degree (40%) were more likely to read Metro. Somalis/
East Aricans (39%), North Aricans (37%) and Iraqis
(36%) were more likely to read Metro, while those in
the Turkish/Kurdish group were more likely to read
The Sun (30%).
About a quarter o respondents read any magazines
(27%) lower than or other media but in line with the
general population. OK, Hello andAsian Woman were
the most popular titles, although each was mentioned
by only our per cent o those interviewed.
Internet
Roughly three out o ve respondents (61%) had
Internet access roughly in line with the generalpopulation (66%). Over hal o these people (58%)
accessed the Internet every day. The majority (88%)
had access at home.
Those aged 1624 and with English as their main
language were more likely to have Internet access
(83% and 72% respectively) and to access it daily (76%
and 66% respectively).
Looking at the ethnic groups, North Aricans were
most likely to have Internet access (77%). Somalis/East
Aricans were more likely to access the Internet in a
public place (29%).
Only a minority o those with Internet access (8%)
used discussion orums or blogs.
Education (27%), music (23%), news (23%), recruitment
(22%) and sports (22%) websites were more likely to
be visited. Education-site use was higher among those
aged 1624 (37%), with a degree or above (38%) and
i the respondent had been in the UK ve years or less
(44%). It is possible that some o these respondents
had come to the UK specically to study.
Use o recruitment websites was higher among those
aged 2534 (28%), with a degree or above (40%) and
those who had been in the UK ve years or less (40%).
Google was the website most likely to be visited
(68%), ollowed by YouTube (43%) and Yahoo (35%).
Some 16 per cent had visited any ethnic minority site.
Somalis/East Aricans and North Aricans were more
likely to visit ethnic minority sites, particularly Islam
Online and Al Jazeera (Arabic and English).
Channel usage or diferent inormation types
Television was the key channel or all types o
inormation. There was higher usage o television
or international news (74%) than or domestic news
(63%), entertainment (62%) or religion/culture (59%).
Newspapers were used primarily or domestic news
inormation (43%), but also or international news
(29%).
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Those seeking inormation about religion or culture
were more likely to use a range o less mainstream or
specialist/ethnic minority media channels (33%).
Radio was used by around one in ten respondents and
consistently or all types o inormation.
Younger respondents were more likely to use the
Internet or all types o inormation; those in the
middle age groups were more likely to listen to radio.
Males were more likely than emales to use the
Internet or all types o inormation. Those who had
been in the UK or ve years or less were more likely to
use the Internet or all types o inormation.
Trust in media channels
Word-o-mouth channels were the most trusted or
inormation on religion and culture over hal would
get inormation rom their parents (54%) and just
under hal would get inormation rom community
leaders or Islamic books/DVDs (47%).
Television was the most trusted source o inormation
or international news (47%) and also entertainment
(39%). The most trusted sources o inormation or
domestic news were newspapers (35%) and television
(33%).
The least trusted source o inormation on religion and
culture was the Government or any agency associated
with it i.e. police, local government (26%).
In addition, around one in ve o those interested
in religious/cultural inormation, domestic or
international news do not trust newspapers or the
Internet or these types o inormation.
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2. Introduction
Background
In order to inorm their media activity and be able to
strategically plan counter-terrorism communications,
the Home Oce and RICU need to understand the
media consumption o British Muslim adults, covering
a number o key audience groups. It is not possible to
use mainstream media planning tools or this purpose
as respondents are not asked to state their religion
or the number o Muslim respondents included is
insucient.
As such TNS has undertaken a quantitative survey
o the UK British Muslim population on behal o
the Home Oce and RICU to provide an inormed
map o inuential media channels by relevant socio-
demographic, cultural, attitudinal and regional
breakdowns.
Research objectives
The over-arching objective o this study was to
provide a detailed understanding o the media
consumption patterns o the British Muslim
community. More specically it aimed to provide an
understanding o:
what media sources and channels are used to nd
out about:
religious and cultural issues;
domestic and international news; entertainment;
overall levels of interestin nding out about each o
these areas andpatterns of information seeking or
each;
the extent to which people engage and interact
with their media channels;
how interest levels and media consumption
patterns difer by specific subgroups within the
Muslim community; and
views about the trustworthiness and credibilityodiferent sources o inormation or diferent issues.
Research method
Fieldwork was conducted ace to ace in respondents
homes using CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal
Interviewing) between 28 February and 1 April 2008.
The research was composed o a base sample
representative o the British Muslim population so
that the survey results are ully representative o the
diversity o the Muslim population in Britain.
To enable analysis o the results by ethnic group
(Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Iraqi, Somali or Other East
Arican, North Arican and Turkish/Kurdish), boost
samples were conducted to achieve a minimum o 100
interviews in each o these groups. The exceptions
were Pakistanis and Bangladeshis or whom the
representative sample yielded sucient interviews.
The 2001 Census data were used as the basis or
sampling (although it is somewhat out o date there
is no better or more recent source o comprehensive
national data on ethnicity, religion and country o
birth).
Respondents or the base sample were selected using
a random location sampling method within wards
with ve per cent or more Muslim residents. Between
them these wards contain 72.5 per cent o the Muslim
population. This level o coverage was selected to
ensure the sample had good coverage o the range
o the Muslim population, including those who live
in more mixed communities. Quotas were set on
gender and age, to be representative o the Muslim
population. Quotas were also set or the diferent
subgroups, reecting the local population in the
sampled wards.
Sample points or the boost interviews were selected
rom the wards with the largest populations o each
ethnic group.
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Respondents were allocated to an ethnic group based
on their own sel-classication.
The boost samples were weighted back to their
correct proportions using the 2001 Census data to
ensure a representative sample o British Muslims or
analysis. A total o 1,124 interviews were achieved with
British Muslim adults aged 16+ years in the UK.
The sample proles both unweighted and weighted
are shown in Table 1.
Respondents were given the option o completing
an interview in English, Urdu, Bengali or Somali. The
numbers o respondents completing the interview in
each language are illustrated in Table 2.
Table 1: Sample prole and weighting
Sex: Unweighted % Weighted %
Male 52 52
Female 48 48
Age:
16 - 24 20 28
25 - 49 57 55
50+ 23 17
Region:
North 21 27
London 58 44
South / Midlands 21 29
Ethnic origin:
Pakistani 27 43Bangladeshi 11 17
Turkish / Kurdish 11 4
Somali or other East Arican 16 3
Iraqi 12 3
North Arican 13 5
Other Muslim 13 27
Table 2: Language interview conducted in1 in 10 interviews conducted in non-English language
% Total Pakistani Bangladeshi Iraqi
Somali/
Other East
African
North
African
Turkish/
Kurdish
Other
Muslim
Base (1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)
English
only90 85 89 100 78 99 100 96
Non-
English
(Net)
10 15 11 - 22 1 - 4
Urdu 7 14 - - - - - 4
Bengali 2 - 10 - - 1 - -
Somali 1 1 - - 22 - - -
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Figure 1: Subgroups for analysis
Gender
Age
16-24, 25-34, 35-
44, 45-54, 55+
Region
Scotland, North East, North West/North Wales, Total North
(=North East or North West/North Wales), West Midlands,
East Midlands, Total East (=East Midlands or North East),
South West/South Wales, London/South East
Ethnic Groups
Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Iraqi, Somali/
Other East Arican, North Arican,
Turkish/Kurdish, Other Muslims
Educational Attainment
Degree or above (=degree or higher degree), GCSE + Degree
- (=Diploma, A/AS level or trade apprenticeship), GCSE + (=
Diploma, A/AS level or trade apprenticeship, degree or higher
degree), GCSE, None (=none of these)
Number of years in the UK
5 years or less, 6-10 years,
11-20 years, 21-30 years, 30+ years
Generation of immigrant
1st generation (=born outside UK), 2nd generation (=born in
UK, mother or ather born outside UK),
NB Base size o 3rd generation (=born in UK and mother and
father born in UK) too low or analysis
Languages
Total speak English, Speak English only, Multilingual (=speak English and other language), Dont speak
English, English main language, English 2nd language (=speak English but not main language)
Signicant diferences (at 95% level) have been
indicated (where relevant) between subgroups.
Where gures are signicantly diferent this has been
denoted by a circle (signicantly higher) and a square
(signicantly lower).
The subgroups covered within the analysis and theirdenitions or reerence are shown in Figure 1.
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3. Setting the scene
In this chapter, the demographics o the sample arediscussed, together with how long respondents have
lived in the UK and their use o English and other
languages.
Demographic prole
Table 3 shows the gender, age and regional prole
o the British Muslim sample, compared to that
o the general population, (taken rom the BARB
Establishment Survey rom the two years ending
December 2006).
The gender prole o British Muslims was very
similar to that o the general population. There were,
however, signicant diferences in terms o age,
with British Muslims in general younger than the
population as a whole. In the general population,
some 14 per cent were aged 1624, but among British
Muslims there were double the number in this age
group (28%).
The diference in the number o 25- to 49-year-olds
was somewhat less marked, although again there
were more British Muslims in this group (55%) than
there were members o the general population (44%).
Relatively ew British Muslims were aged 50 or over only 17 per cent compared to 42 per cent o the
population.
There is a strong concentration o British Muslims in
London (44%, compared to only 13% o the general
population). Far more live in London than in any other
region or area. Outside London, British Muslims were
in broad terms evenly distributed across the North
(27%) and the South/Midlands (29%).
Table 4 examines the prole o the sample in terms o
social grade and employment status.
The British Muslim population has a strong bias
towards social grades DE, with almost hal o those
interviewed (47%) in these social grade groupings,
compared to 30 per cent o the general population.
The proportion o British Muslims in social grades C1
and C2 is very similar to that in the population as a
whole. Very ew are classied as ABs only eight per
cent compared to 22 per cent o the population.
Their employment prole is also rather diferent rom
that o the population as a whole, with ewer in ull-
Table 3: Demographic prole (1) of British Muslim sample compared to generalpopulation
Sex: British Muslims % General Population* %
Male 52 49
Female 48 51
Age:
16 - 24 28 14
25 - 49 55 44
50+ 17 42
Region:
North 27 34
London 44 13
South/Midlands 29 53
*BARB Establishment Survey 2 years ending Dec 06
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March 2010 British Muslim Media Consumption Report
time work (29%, as compared to 46% o the general
population) and more students (17%, versus only 7%).
How long resided in UK
Respondents were asked in what year they had rst
come to the UK, their country o birth and that o their
parents to determine what generation o immigrant
they were. This is shown in Table 5.
A substantial proportion o the British Muslims
interviewed were relatively recent immigrants
almost two-thirds (65%) had been born outside the
UK and were the rst generation o their amily to
live here. Just over a quarter (27%) were second-
generation immigrants i.e. they had been born here,
but their parent(s) had been born outside the UK.
Thus the vast majority had parents born outside the
UK.
Only a tiny minority (4%) were third-generation
immigrants.
Those interviewed represented a wide spread o time
spent residing in the UK. Just under a th o those
not born in the UK (17%) had been here or ve years
or less and the same proportion (19%) had been here
or six to ten years. The same was true or each o the
other ve-year time bands, right up to a th (21%)
Table 4: Prole of sample by social grade and employment statusDemographic prole (2)
Social Grade British Muslims % General Population* %
AB 8 22
C1 27 28
C2 18 21
DE 47 30
Employment Status
Full time 29 46
Part time 12 10
Student 17 7
Not in paid work 42 37
*BARB Establishment Survey 2 years ending Dec 06
Table 5: Generation of immigrant and length of time in the UK/whether born in UK
Generation of immigrant %
1st generation (Born outside UK) 652nd generation (Born in UK/ather & mother born outside UK) 27
3rd generation (Born in UK/ather or mother born in UK) 4
Length of time in the UK % of those not born in UK (866)
5 years or less 17
6-10 years 19
11-20 years 22
21-30 years 16
More than 30 years 21
Source: Q6 In what country were you born? Q60 In what country was your ather born? Q61 And in what country was your
mother born? Q7 And in what year did you FIRST come to the UK to live or to work?
Base: All respondents (1124) Length o time in UK % o those not born in UK (866)
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having been resident in the UK or more than 30
years.
The age and gender prole o the various ethnic
groups that make up British Muslims i.e. Pakistanis,
Bangladeshis, etc. was broadly similar.
There was, predictably, some variation in what
generation o immigrant the various ethnic groups
represented and hence the amount o time they had
spent in the UK and this is shown in Table 6.
While the majority o those in the Pakistani and
Bangladeshi ethnic groups were rst-generation
immigrants (63% and 68% respectively), a sizeable
proportion o each o these groups were more
established, second-generation incomers (33% and
26% respectively).
In contrast, among all o the other ethnic groups
(except the diverse Other Muslim grouping) the vast
majority around nine out o ten or more were rst-
generation arrivals in the UK.
This diference between the more established
Pakistani and Bangladeshi residents and the other
ethnic groups was predictably reected in how long
the various groups had lived in the UK. A substantial
proportion o the Pakistanis and Bangladeshis
interviewed had lived in the UK or more than 20
years, whereas very ew o the Iraqi, Somali/Other
East Arican, North Arican or Turkish/Kurdish groups
had done so. However, despite the majority being
rst-generation immigrants to the UK, they were
not necessarily recent arrivals. While a substantial
proportion o each o these ethnic groups had lived
in the UK or ve years or less, the majority had been
here or six to 20 years.
Table 6: Demographic prole by ethnicity
% Total Pakistani Bangladeshi Iraqi
Somali/
Other
East
African
North
African
Turkish/
Kurdish
Other
Muslim
(1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)
Generation of immigrant
1st generation
(Born outside UK)65 63 68 93 94 90 87 51
2nd generation
(Born in UK/ather
& mother born
outside UK)
27 33 26 5 5 7 11 29
3rd generation
(Born in UK/atheror mother born in
UK)
4 1 1 - - 2 2 11
Length of time in the UK
5 years or less 17 15 9 20 16 29 16 22
6-10 years 19 17 16 34 32 19 22 19
11-20 years 22 21 19 34 40 28 38 15
21-30 years 16 12 34 4 5 9 13 13
More than 30 years 21 29 15 1 4 8 10 22
Source: Q6 In what country were you born? Q60 In what country was your ather born? Q61 And in what country was your
mother born? Q7 And in what year did you FIRST come to the UK to live or to work?
Base: All respondents (1124) Length o time in UK % o those not born in UK (866)
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Other Muslims country of birth
Those in the Other Muslim group (i.e. they did not
belong to any o the specic ethnic groups shown in
Table 6) were asked in what country they had been
born and this is shown in Table 7.
Almost hal o this group (49%) had been born in the
UK, but the largest single group to be born outside
this country (a th/20%) came rom India.
Languages spoken
All respondents were asked, via a prompted list, which
languages they regularly spoke at home and which
they considered to be their main language. Figure 2
shows the response to these questions.
Not surprisingly, English was the language spoken
regularly at home by the largest single group (72%).
However, only approaching hal o this group
(equating to two-ths o those interviewed 38%)
considered English their main language. Just over one
in ten (12%) spoke only English and the majority (60%)
were multilingual.
Looking at those who regularly spoke English, doing
so was more common among younger respondents
(1634 83%); those who were educated to GCSE
level or above (81%); second-generation immigrants/
those born in the UK and those who had lived here or
more than 30 years (88% and 81% respectively) and
those living in the North East (89%) and East Midlands
(82%).
Urdu was the second most commonly spoken
language, used regularly by just over a third o
respondents (36%), ollowed by Punjabi (23%). Bengali
and Arabic were each spoken regularly by around one
in seven British Muslims (14% and 13% respectively)
and all other languages were used regularly by less
than one in ten respondents (Gujarati 8%; Hindi
5%).
For 15 per cent o respondents Urdu was their main
language, ollowed by ten per cent whose main
language was Punjabi or Bengali. Fewer than one in
ten used any other language as their main one.
Table 9 examines the languages spoken by each
ethnic group.
Table 7: Other Muslims country of birth
%
UK 49
India 20
Aghanistan 6
Yemen 5
Sudan 3
Iran 2
Kuwait 1
Lebanon 1
Somewhere else 11
Source: Q6 In what country were you born?Base: All Other Muslims (144)
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Figure 2: Languages regularly spoken/main language
12% speak English only
60% multilingual
English Regularly Spoken 72 per cent Main Language 38 per cent Higher: 16-34 (83%), educated (81%), 2nd
generation (88%), lived here more than 30 years (81%), NE (89%), E-mids (82%)
Urdu Regularly Spoken 36 per cent Main Language 15 per cent
Punjabi Regularly Spoken 23 per cent Main Language 10 per cent
Bengali Regularly Spoken 14 per cent Main Language 10 per cent
Arabic Regularly Spoken 13 per cent Main Language 8 per cent
Gujarati Regularly Spoken 8 per cent Main Language 5 per cent
Hindi Regularly Spoken 5 per cent Main Language 1 per cent
Note: Only shown >5%
Source: Q8 Which o the ollowing languages do you regularly speak at home?
Q9 Which do you consider is your main language?
Base: All respondents (1124)
Table 8: English regularly spoken/main language
% Total Pakistani Bangladeshi Iraqi
Somali/
Other
East
African
North
African
Turkish/
Kurdish
Other
Muslim
Base (1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)
English regularly
spoken72 75 64 75 68 73 59 76
English main
language39 41 35 20 19 22 28 46
Note: Only shown >5%
Source: Q8 Which o the ollowing languages do you regularly speak at home?
Base: All respondents (1124)
Regularly Spoken
Main Language
Hindi
Gujarati
Arabic
Bengali
Punjabi
Urdu
English
Higher:16-34 (83%), educated (81%),2nd generation (88%),lived here more than 30 years (81%),NE (89%), E-mids (82%)
12% speak English only60% multilingual
%
72
38
36
15
23
10
10
14
13
8
8
5
5
1
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There was relatively little variation by ethnic group
in the number regularly speaking English. In most
ethnic groups between two-thirds and three-quarters
o respondents did so (or example, Pakistanis 75%;
Bangladeshis 64%). Fewer survey participants o
Turkish/Kurdish ethnic origin (59%) did so compared
to the other groups.
The ethnic groups difered rather more in terms o use
o English as their main language. Fewer Iraqis (20%);
Somalis/Other East Aricans (19%); North Aricans
(22%) and Turkish/Kurdish respondents (28%) used
English as their main language compared to Pakistanis
(41%) or Bangladeshis (35%). Clearly, to some extent
this relates to how long the various groups have lived
in the UK and what generation o immigrant they are.
Use o English as their main language was highest
among the Other Muslim group (46%).
Table 9 shows in detail the languages regularly
spoken at home by the various ethnic groups.
The majority o Pakistanis regularly spoke Urdu (69%)
or Punjabi (47%).
Most Bangladeshis interviewed regularly spoke
Bengali (83%), with a minority using Sylheti (10%);
Hindi (7%); Farsi or Urdu (each 5%).
The Iraqi respondents mainly spoke Arabic regularly
(82%), though a substantial minority spoke Kurdish
(25%). Arabic was also the language used regularly
by the majority o North Arican respondents (76%).
Around one in ten o this ethnic group regularly spoke
Somali (10%) or French (12%).
Among the Somali/Other East Arican group, Somali
dominated (81%), though a substantial group
Table 9: Languages regularly spoken at home by ethnic group
% Total Pakistani Bangladeshi Iraqi
Somali/
Other
East
African
North
African
Turkish/
Kurdish
Other
Muslim
Base (1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)
English 72 75 64 75 68 73 59 76
Urdu 35 69 5 2 2 2 - 19
Punjabi 22 47 - 1 2 - - 9
Bengali 14 - 83 2 - 1 - -
Arabic 13 4 - 82 24 76 7 16
Gujarati 8 1 - - 2 - - 28
Hindi 5 2 7 - 1 1 - 11
Pushto 4 5 - 2 - - - 6
Turkish 3 - - 1 - - 72 -
Somali 3 - - - 81 10 - -
Kurdish 2 - - 25 - 3 16 -
Farsi 2 1 5 3 1 1 2 4
Sylheti 2 - 10 - - - - -
French 1 1 - 1 2 12 1 2
Swahili - - - - 12 1 - -
Note: Only shown >5%
Source: Q8 Which o the ollowing languages do you regularly speak at home?
Base: All respondents (1124)
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regularly spoke Arabic (24%) and more than one in
ten (12%) spoke Swahili.
Regular use o Turkish (72%) was ar more prevalent
among the Turkish/Kurdish group than Kurdish (16%).
Clearly, in all o these ethnic groups, and particularly
among Pakistanis, more than one language was
spoken regularly by some individuals.
Languages consume media in
Again using a prompted list, respondents were asked
in which languages they watched TV, listened to the
radio, or read newspapers, magazines or websites.
Figure 3 illustrates the languages used.
In broad terms and unsurprisingly, this reected the
languages British Muslims regularly spoke at home.
However, somewhat more o them consumed some
orm o media in English than spoke it regularly at
home, no doubt due to its sheer prevalence. Morethan our out o ve British Muslims watched/listened
(86%) or read (81%) some orm o media in English,
compared to 72 per cent who spoke it regularly.
Consumption o TV and radio in English was higher
among males (89%); those aged 1634 (90%); those
who were educated to GCSE or above (94%) and
second-generation immigrants/those who had
lived here or more than 30 years (95% and 91%
respectively).
Figure 3: Languages used for media consumption
English Watch TV/Listen to radio 86 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 81 per cent Higher:
Males (89%), 16-34s (90%), Educated (94%), 2nd Gen (95%), lived here more than 30 years (91%)
Urdu Watch TV/Listen to radio 35 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 24 per centHindi Watch TV/Listen to radio 18 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 8 per cent
Arabic Watch TV/Listen to radio 13 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 8 per cent
Punjabi Watch TV/Listen to radio 12 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 6 per cent
Bengali Watch TV/Listen to radio 9 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 6 per cent
Languages regularly spoken at home
English 72 per cent
Urdu 35 per cent
Hindi 5 per cent
Arabic 13 per cent
Punjabi 22 per centBengali 14 per cent
Note: Only shown >5%
Source: Q10 Which o the ollowing languages do you watch TV or listen to the radio in and which do you read
newspapers, magazines or websites in?Base: All respondents (1124)
Watch TV/Listen to radio
Read newspapers/magazines/websites
%
Bengali
Punjabi
Arabic
Hindi
Urdu
English
Languages regularlyspoken at home
72%
35%
5%
13%
22%
14%
Higher:Males (89%),16-34s (90%),Educated (94%),2nd Gen (95%),lived here more than 30 years (91%)
86
81
35
24
18
8
8
13
12
6
6
9
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The second most common language to consume
media in was Urdu, with just over a third watching
TV or listening to the radio in Urdu (35%), though
ewer consumed any written media in this language
(24%). The watching/listening gure is in line with the
proportion regularly using Urdu at home (35%).
Like English, Hindi was also stronger in media terms
compared to being spoken regularly at home. Only
ve per cent o British Muslims spoke Hindi regularly
at home, but 18 per cent watched TV or listened to
the radio in this language and eight per cent read
some orm o media in it.
Punjabi, conversely, eatured less in media terms
compared to its use at home. Just over a th o British
Muslims (22%) regularly spoke this language, but only
12 per cent watched or listened to anything in it and
only six per cent read anything in it.
Relatively ew British Muslims consumed any media in
Arabic or Bengali.
This is likely to reect the availability o media in the
various languages.
Table 10 examines the languages in which each ethnic
group watched TV or listened to the radio.
Clearly, in general terms, the languages in which each
ethnic group consumed TV or radio reected the
languages they spoke regularly at home. There were,
however, some exceptions to this.
Pakistanis and Bangladeshis were more likely to
consume broadcast media in Hindi than they were to
speak it regularly, with English media also eaturing
more strongly than the English language among
Bangladeshis.
Table 10: Languages used for watching TV/listening to radio
% Total Pakistani Bangladeshi Iraqi
Somali/
Other
East
African
North
African
Turkish/
Kurdish
Other
Muslim
Base (1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)
English 86 88 83 80 87 84 63 88
Urdu 34 65 9 2 2 2 1 19
Hindi 19 18 25 3 2 1 - 25
Arabic 13 4 2 81 33 65 7 18
Punjabi 12 22 - 1 - - - 8
Bengali 9 - 55 1 - 1 - -
Turkish 2 - - - - - 59 -
Kurdish - - - 6 - - 8 -
Sylheti 2 - 14 - - - -
Farsi 2 1 5 5 1 - - 2
Pushto 2 1 - 1 - - - 5
Gujarati 2 1 - - - - - 5
Somali 1 - - 1 39 2 - -
French 1 1 - - - 6 - 2
Higher than regularly speak language Lower than regularly speak language
Note: Only shown >5%
Source: Q10 Which o the ollowing languages do you watch TV or listen to the radio in?Base: All respondents (1124)
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March 2010 British Muslim Media Consumption Report
those interviewed (75%) claimed they observed all the
asts during this period and a urther one in ten (11%)
claimed they observed most o them. Just under one
in ten (9%) only observed a ew o the asts.
There was somewhat lower general observance
relating to prayer. Nevertheless, three out o ve(60%) claimed they prayed at home every day, though
one-th (21%) stated they only prayed at home about
once a week and a urther 16 per cent admitted they
hardly ever did so.
Observance in terms o attendance at mosque or
church was lower still, with only just over a third (35%)
claiming to do so more than once a week and only
a quarter (23%) stating they attended on Fridays. As
many as a third (31%) said they attended only once amonth or less.
Looking at adoption o traditional clothes, three
out o ten (29%) said they always wore this type o
clothing. However, the majority (56%) did so only
sometimes and a urther 14 per cent never did.
Looking at the subgroups, those who spoke only
English and/or were not interested in their religion/
culture were less likely to be in the most observant
category or all ve behaviours. Females, those aged
over 35 and rst-generation immigrants were more
likely to pray every day; males and those aged over 45
were more likely to attend mosque/church more than
once a week; emales and those aged 45+ were more
likely always to wear traditional clothes.
Figure 5 summarises the key diferences in level o
observance by ethnic group.
Figure 4: Religious/cultural behaviour
7% most observant on all 5 behaviours
38% most observant on at least 4 o 5 behaviours
65% most observant on at least 3 o 5 behaviours
Halal ood (Only ever eat Halal ood) DK 4 percent 1 5 percent 2 11 percent 3 80 percent
Ramadan/Lent (Observe all Ramadan/Lent asts) DK 5 percent 1 9 percent 2 11 percent 3 75
percent
Praying (Pray at home everyday) DK 3 percent 1 16 percent 2 21 percent 3 60 percent
Mosque/Church (Go to mosque/church more than a week) DK 11 percent 1 31 percent 2 23 percent
3 35 percent
Traditional clothes (Always wear traditional clothes) DK 1 percent 1 14 percent 2 56 percent 3 29
percent
100 per cent = MOST OBSERVANT
Source: Q62 I am now going to show you 5 sets o statements. For each, please tell me which best reects your own
behaviour or views on religion
Base: All respondents (1124)
DK 1
%
Traditional clothes
Mosque/Church
Praying
Ramadan/Lent
Halal food
Observe allRamadan/Lent fasts
Only ever eatHalal food
Pray at homeevery day
Always weartraditional clothes
Go to mosque/church more than
a week
MOST OBSERVANT
801154
75115 9
60213 16
2 3
7% most observant on all 5 behaviours38% most observant on at least 4 of 5 behaviours65% most observant on at least 3 of 5 behaviours
352311 31
29561 14
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Figure 5: Dierences in level of observance by ethnic groupReligious/cultural behaviour
PakistanisHigher on: Only
ever eat halal
ood (89%)
Somali/Other
East Africans
Higher on: Go to the
Mosque/church >
once a week (47%)
Bangladeshis
Higher on: Mainly
eat halal ood (19%),
Sometimes wear
traditional clothes (62%)
Iraqis
Higher on: Go
to the Mosque/
church only on
Fridays (34%)
North Africans
Higher on: Never
wear traditional
clothes (30%)
Turkish/Kurdish
Higher on: The least
observant measure
on all religious
behaviours
Other Muslims
Higher on:
Sometimes
wear traditional
clothes (61%)
Source: Q62 I am now going to show you 5 sets o statements. For each, please tell me which best reects your own
behaviour or views on religion
Base: All respondents (1124)
Pakistanis and Bangladeshis were more likely to be
more observant in terms o eating halal ood, with 89
per cent o the ormer group claiming they only ever
ate halal ood and 19 per cent o the latter stating they
mainly did so. Bangladeshis were also more likely to
sometimes wear traditional clothes (62%), as were
those in the Other Muslim grouping (61%). North
Aricans, however, were more likely never to wear
traditional clothes (30%).
Somalis/Other East Aricans were more likely to go
to the mosque/church more than once a week (47%).
Iraqis were more likely to go to the mosque/church
only on Fridays (34%).
Those o Turkish/Kurdish ethnic origin were least likely
to observe all o the religious behaviours e.g. 21 per
cent o this group ate equal amounts o halal and
other ood; 35 per cent o them only observed a ew o
the Ramadan/Lent asts and 54 per cent o them never
wore traditional clothes.
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March 2010 British Muslim Media Consumption Report
4. General concerns
All respondents were asked, using a prompted list,which o a number o issues they elt were the major
concerns acing them today. Figure 6 summarises
their concerns.
The issue mentioned by the highest proportion
o British Muslims was crime levels and anti-social
behaviour, which was selected by almost a third o
those interviewed (31%). Second in their hierarchy
came drugs, mentioned by a quarter (26%). A th
(20% in each case) mentioned each o house prices
and terrorism.
Discrimination and employment were each
mentioned by just over one in ten o the British
Muslims interviewed (13%). Slightly ewer/around one
in ten selected each o eeling sae in the UK/national
security (11%), trac congestion (10%) and standardsin education (10%). All other issues were mentioned
by ewer than one in ten o those interviewed.
Examining the subgroups (other than ethnic origin,
which is discussed below), no consistent pattern
emerged o any particular subgroup being more or
less concerned.
Figure 7 sets the responses o British Muslims in
context against the views o the general population(ascertained via an omnibus survey o 2,150 adults
conducted in March 2008).
Figure 6: Respondents major concerns
Crime levels\antisocial behaviour 31 per centDrugs 26 per centHouse prices 20 per centTerrorism 20 per centDiscrimination 13 per centEmployment 13 per centFeeling sae in the UK\national security 11 per centTrac congestion 10 per centStandards in education 10 per centThe economy 9 per centHealthy eating 9 per centHousehold nances 9 per centImmigration 8 per centProvision o health services\NHS 7 per cent
International issues 7 per centLocal community issues 7 per centPollution\environmental issues (including global warming) 6 per centPensions 2 per centAnimal welare 1 per centOther 0 per centDK 2 per centNone 11 per cent
Source: Q13 Looking at the screen which o the ollowing are the major concerns acing you today?
Base: All respondents (1124)
%
Healthy eating
The economy
Standards in education
Traffic congestion
Feeling safe in the UK\national security
Employment
Discrimination
Terrorism
House prices
Drugs
Crime levels\anti-social behaviour
None
DK
Other
Animal welfare
Pensions
Pollution\environmental issues(including global warming)
Local community issues
International issues
Provision of healthservices\NHS
Immigration
Household finances31
20
26
20
13
13
10
11
10
9
9
%
9
7
8
7
7
6
1
2
2
11
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Figure 7: British Muslims major concerns compared to those of the generalpopulation
Crime levels\antisocial behaviour All respondents 31 per cent General Population 35 per cent
Drugs All respondents 26 per cent General Population 25 per centHouse prices All respondents 20 per cent Signicant at 95 per cent. General Population 17 per cent
Terrorism All respondents 20 per cent General Population 18 per cent
Discrimination All respondents 13 per cent Signicant at 95 per cent. General Population 5 per cent
Employment All respondents 13 per cent General Population 13 per cent
Feeling sae in the UK\national security All respondents 11 per cent General Population 9 per cent
Trac congestion All respondents 10 per cent General Population 13 per cent
Standards in education All respondents 10 per cent General Population 14 per cent
The economy All respondents 9 per cent General Population 16 per cent
Healthy eating All respondents 9 per cent General Population 10 per cent
Household nances All respondents 9 per cent General Population 14 per cent
Immigration All respondents 8 per cent General Population 20 per cent
Provision o health services\NHS All respondents 7 per cent General Population 18 per cent
International issues All respondents 7 per cent General Population 4 per cent
Local community issues All respondents 7 per cent General Population 7 per centPollution\environment al issues (including global warming) All respondents 6 per cent General Population 13 per cent
Pensions All respondents 2 per cent General Population 14 per cent
Animal welare All respondents 1 per cent General Population 6 per cent
Other All respondents 0 per cent General Population 1 per cent
DK All respondents 2 per cent General Population 1 per cent
None All respondents 11 per cent General Population 4 per cent
= Signicant at 95%
Source: Q13 Looking at the screen which o the ollowing are the major concerns acing you today?
Base: All respondents (1124)/All adults via Omnibus (2150)
As or British Muslims, crime and drugs were the main
concerns acing the general population.
British Muslims were more concerned than the
general population about relatively ew issues
only discrimination (selected by 13% o this group
compared to only 5% o the general population) and
to a lesser extent, house prices (mentioned by 20% o
British Muslims and 17% o the population as a whole).
There were ar more issues where British Muslims
expressed lower levels o concern compared to the
general population and or some o these issues,
the gap between the views o the two groups was
greater. Only eight per cent o British Muslims were
concerned about immigration, compared to 20 per
cent o the general population; hardly any British
Muslims mentioned pensions (2%, versus 14% o
the population as a whole) and only seven per cent
mentioned the provision o health services/the
NHS as a concern (compared to 18% o the general
population).
Other concerns that were mentioned by ewer
British Muslims compared to the general population
were the economy; pollution/environmental issues;
household nances; crime and anti-social behaviour;
educational standards; and trac congestion.
Looking specically at the issues o terrorism and
national security, these were mentioned as concerns
by very similar numbers o British Muslims compared
to the general population. Slightly more British
Muslims mentioned each one, but the diference
between the two samples was not signicant in either
case.
Figure 8 summarises the diferences in concerns that
emerged by ethnic group.
All respondents General Population
%
35
25
17
18
5
13
13
9
14
16
10Healthy eating
The economy
Standards in education
Traffic congestion
Feeling safe in the UK\national security
Employment
Discrimination
Terrorism
House prices
Drugs
Crime levels\anti-social behaviour
None
DK
Other
Animal welfare
Pensions
Pollution\environmentalissues (including global warming)
Local community issues
International issues
Provision of healthservices\NHS
Immigration
Household finances
%
31
26
20
20
13
13
10
11
10
9
9
14
20
18
4
7
13
6
14
1
1
4
9
8
7
7
7
6
1
2
2
11
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In act, there was relatively little signicant variation
by ethnicity and no pattern o particular ethnic groups
sharing areas o concern or being generally more or
less concerned about these issues.
Compared to other ethnic groups, Pakistanis were
more likely to express a concern about drugs (36%)
and more Bangladeshis were concerned about
standards in education (16%).
Iraqis were more likely than other groups to mention
concern over immigration (20%).
Looking at those groups who expressed less concern
about some issues, Somalis/Other East Aricans were
less likely to mention crime levels (17%); house prices
(4%) and trac congestion (5%). Those o Turkish/
Kurdish ethnic origin were less likely to have a concern
about discrimination (4%). The views o North Aricans
and the Other Muslim grouping were broadly in line
with that o British Muslims as a whole.
Figure 8: Major concerns by ethnic group
Pakistanis
Higher on:
Drugs (36%)
Somali/Other East
Africans
Lower on:
Crime levels (17%)
House prices (4%)
Traic congestion (5%)
Bangladeshis
Higher on:Standards in education
(16%)
Iraqis
Higher on:Immigration
(20%)
North Africans
Little difference
versus total
Turkish/Kurdish
Lower on:
Discrimination (4%)
Other Muslims
Little difference
versus total
Source: Q13 Looking at the screen which o the ollowing are the major concerns acing you today?
Base: All respondents (1124)/All adults via Omnibus (2150)
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22
5. General interests
Early on in the interview respondents were askedwhich o a number o topics they were interested in
(using a prompted list). Later on, they were then asked
to state their level o interest in a number o key topics
using a our-point scale.
General Interests
Figure 9 shows the responses to the early question
about respondents general interests, where a list o
possible topics was shown and they selected those
they were interested in.
The issue selected most requently by British
Muslims as o interest was their religion and culture,
mentioned by 58 per cent. This was particularly thecase or those aged 35 to 54 (66%). However, ar ewer
o those who spoke only English expressed an interest
in this topic (33%).
World news and current afairs and also sport were
next, each mentioned by two-ths o this group
(39% in each case). Just slightly ewer mentioned
each o music (36%) and entertainment (35%). Some
predictable subgroup diferences emerged, with
ar more males interested in sport (61%) and theyoungest age group particularly mentioning music
(1624 58%).
Figure 9: Respondents general interests
Your religion and culture 58 per cent Higher: 35-54s (66%) Lower: Speak English only (33%)
World News/Current afairs 39 per cent Higher: 35-54s (48%), Degree+
Sport 39 per cent Higher: Males (61%), GCSE+ Degree- (52%) Lower: Females (15%) Over 55s, (19%)Music 36 per cent Higher: 16-24s (58%), Not interested in religion & culture (61%) Lower: Over 45s (17%)
Entertainment 35 per cent Higher: Females (39%), 16-24s (52%), Educated (41%), 2nd Gen (46%) Lower: Over 45s
(15%), non-educated (24%)
British News/Current afairs 30 per cent Higher: Males (35%), 45-54s (43%), degree+ (41%), English + Other
language (36%)
Liestyle (e.g. parenting) 20 per cent Higher: Females (25%), 25-34s (31%), Lower: Non-educated (10%)
Environmental issues 15 per cent Higher: Degree+ (25%) Lower: 16-24s (6%)
None o these 3 per cent
Source: Q14 Now we would like to know about some o your general interests. Which o the ollowing topics are youinterested in?
Base: All respondents (1124)
%
58
39
39
36
35
30
15
20
3None of these
Environmentalissues
Lifestyle(e.g. parenting)
British News/Current affairs
Entertainment
Music
Sport
World News/Current affairs
Your religionand culture
Higher: 35-54s (66%)Lower: Speak English only (33%)
Higher: 35-54s (48%), Degree+
Higher: Males (61%), GCSE+ Degree- (52%)Lower: Females (15%) Over 55s, (19%)
Higher: 16-24s (58%), Not interestedin religion & culture (61%)Lower: Over 45s (17%)
Higher: Females (39%), 16-24s (52%),Educated (41%), 2nd Gen (46%)Lower: Over 45s (15%), non-educated (24%)
Higher: Degree+ (25%)Lower: 16-24s (6%)
Higher: Females (25%), 25-34s (31%)Lower: Non-educated (10%)
Higher: Males (35%), 45-54s (43%), degree+(41%), English + Other language (36%)
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March 2010 British Muslim Media Consumption Report
Somewhat ewer British Muslims were interested in
British news compared to world news only 30 per
cent mentioned domestic current afairs, compared
to 39 per cent who had selected world news as o
interest.
Other topics were o interest to rather ewer British
Muslims. One in ve (20%) mentioned liestyle
issues such as parenting and only 15 per cent chose
environmental issues.
Examining the responses o the various ethnic groups,
those o Turkish/Kurdish origin were less likely than
most other groups to express an interest in their
religion and culture (40%) but the group most likely to
be interested in music (46%).
Those in the Other Muslim grouping were more
interested than almost every other group in world
news (49%) and also more interested than most in
entertainment (41%).
Environmental issues were o more interest to North
Aricans (20%) and those in the Other Muslim group
(23%) compared to Pakistanis, Iraqis and Turkish/
Kurdish respondents.
Interest in key types of information
A our-point scale was used to assess respondents
interest in the topics o religion and culture; domestic
news; world news and entertainment. Figure 10summarises the responses to this measure.
Figure 10: Interest in key types of information
Your religion and culture Mean 3.5 Very interested (4) 55 per cent Fairly interested (3) 37 per centNot very interested (2) 7 per cent Not at all interested (1) 1 per cent DK 1 per centHigher among: Females (94%) 2nd Gen (96%) Lower among: Spk English only (80%), Not interested in news(81%)Domestic news Mean 3.1 Very interested (4) 27 per cent Fairly interested (3) 55 per centNot very interested (2) 13 per cent Not at all interested (1) 3 per cent DK 1 per centHigher among: 25-44s (87%) Degree + (89%) Interested in int-news (91%) Lower among: Non-educated (78%)International news Mean 3.1 Very interested (4) 35 percent Fairly interested (3) 47 per centNot very interested (2) 13 per cent Not at all interested (1) 5 per cent DK 1 per centHigher among: Males (86%), Degree + (90%) Lower among: Speak English only (61%)Entertainment Mean 3.0 Very interested (4) 28 per cent Fairly interested (3) 48 per centNot very interested (2) 15 per cent Not at all interested (1) 8 per cent DK 1 per centHigher among: 16-34s (85%), GCSE+ Degree- (86%) , 2nd Gen (82%), Interested in news (81%) Lower among:Over 45s (53%), Non Educated (70%)
Source: Q57 How interested i at all would you say you are in each o these diferent areas?Base: All respondents (1124)
Very
interested (4)
Fairlyinterested (3)
Not veryinterested (2)
Not at allinterested (1)
DK
Mean
Your religionand culture
Domesticnews
Internationalnews
Entertainment
55
37
27
55
35
4748
28
713
15
133 85
3.5 3.1 3.03.1
%
Higher among:
Females (94%)
2nd Gen (96%)
Lower among:
Spk English only
(80%), Not
interested in
news (81%)
Interested
(Very interested/
fairly interested)
Higher among:
16-34s (85%),
GCSE+ Degree-
(86%) , 2nd Gen
(82%), Interested
in news (81%)
Lower among:
Over 45s (53%),
Non-educated (70%)
Higher among:
Males (86%),
Degree + (90%)
Lower among:
Speak English
only (61%)
Higher among:
25-44s (87%)
Degree + (89%)
Interested in
int-news (91%)
Lower among:
Non-educated
(78%)
92%82% 82%
76%
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Claimed interest in all our topics was high, but the
highest level o interest was in religion and culture,
with more than nine out o ten (92%) British Muslims
interested in this topic and over hal (55%) very
interested in it. This is in contrast to all o the othertopics, where only between a quarter and a third
claimed to be very interested.
Around our out o ve were interested in each o
domestic and international news (82% in each case),
although somewhat more were very interested in
world news (35%) compared to domestic issues (27%).
Slightly ewer but still three-quarters o the sample
(76%) were interested in entertainment.
Looking at the key subgroups, those with a higher
level o education, or example a degree, were
more likely to be interested in both domestic and
world news (89% and 90% respectively) though
entertainment was also o interest to this group (86%).
Across the age groups, entertainment was o interest
to younger respondents (1634 85%) and domestic
news to those aged 2544 (87%).
Examining the ethnic groups, all other ethnic groups
were more likely to be interested in their religion and
culture compared to the Turkish/Kurdish group and
most were more interested in this topic compared to
the Iraqis.
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March 2010 British Muslim Media Consumption Report
6. General media consumption
Respondents were asked a series o questions relatingto their media consumption.
Media reach summary
Figure 11 gives an overview o media reach among
British Muslims. The subsequent sections o this
report then examine usage o each medium in greater
detail.
As would be expected, almost all British Muslims
(93%) watched some orm o TV. Just under hal (46%)
listened to the radio.
Looking at written media, two-thirds (67%) read any
newspapers nowadays, with considerably ewer (27%)
reading magazines.
Just over hal o those interviewed (55%) accessed
the Internet at least monthly, with just under hal o
this group (48%) visiting any o a prompted list o
types o websites (e.g. auction, business, news, sports,
womens interests, etc.).
Types of television receivedFigure 12 shows which types o television were
received by the household.
Just over our out o ve households/respondents
received any orm o multi-channel TV (83%), with
Sky satellite TV the most common type, received by
just over hal (53%). Multi-channel TV was thereore
slightly over-represented among British Muslims
compared to the general population, 76 per cent o
whom access it (NRS, January to December 2007).
Thus, 17 per cent o British Muslims received only the
ve main channels broadly in line with the general
population (19% BARB data).
Three-quarters (74%) received any satellite or cable
service.
Aside rom Sky satellite TV, there was a airly even
spread across the sample o receiving other types o
television. Some 14 per cent had Freeview; 13 per cent
received some other orm o satellite TV and 12 per
Figure 11: Overview of media reach among British Muslims
46% listen to any radio
stations at all nowadays
93% watch any TV channels
at all nowadays
67% read any newspapers
at all nowadays
27% read any magazines at
all nowadays
55% access the internet at
least monthly
48% visit any o the types
o websites covered
Source: Q25/Q28/Q30/Q32/Q15/Q17Base: All respondents (1124)
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Figure 12: Types of television received
Satellite TV (Sky) 53 per centThe ve main channels ONLY (BBC1, BBC2, ITV1, C4, FIVE) 17 per cent General population (re: BARB) = 19 percentFreeview (through a set-top box or digital television set) 14 per cent
Satellite TV (Other) 13 per centCable TV (through Virgin Media) 12 per centPC or laptop - via the Internet 4 per cent
Net: Any multi-channel 83 per cent General population (NRS Jan-Dec 07) = 76 per centNet: Any satellite/cable 74 per cent
* BARB, **NRS Jan-Dec 07
Source: Q20 Which o these types o television does your household receive at the moment?
Base: All respondents (1124)
cent received cable TV (via Virgin Media). Only around
one in 20 (4%) watched TV via the Internet.
There was some signicant variation by ethnic group,
with Pakistanis and Bangladeshis more likely to
receive Sky (64% and 71% respectively). Those in the
Turkish/Kurdish (45%), North Arican (33%) and Iraqi
(30%) groups were more likely to have other types
o satellite TV. North Aricans and those in the Other
Muslim grouping were more likely to use Freeview
(21% and 20% respectively).
Types of TV programmes usuallywatched
Respondents were asked which types o TV
programmes they usually watched, using a prompt
list. Figure 13 shows all types mentioned by ve per
cent or more o the sample.
Films were most popular, watched by hal o those
interviewed (50%), ollowed by news and weather
(38%) and sport/ootball (also 38%).
Three out o ten (29%) watched programmes on
religion. A similar proportion watched soaps (27%);
programmes about music (26%), or documentaries
(25%). A smaller proportion usually watched drama
series or serials (18%) or comedies (17%), ollowed by
current afairs (13%), childrens programmes (13%),
wildlie programmes (12%) or history (12%). All other
programme types were mentioned by e