R I G H T S & T H E B A S I S O F L I B E RT Y

PART IV

RIGHTS & THE BASIS OF SOCIETY

• Rights• Questions• Rights• The Purpose of Rights• The Natural Rights• Artificial Rights• Rights in Society• Rights against the Government

• The State of Nature• The State• Purpose• Real?

RIGHTS & THE BASIS OF SOCIETY

• The Basis of Political Authority• Authority• The Basis of Authority• The Legitimate Uses of Authority• Obedience• Purpose of the State

THOMAS HOBBES: PHYSICS &POLITICS

• View of Politics• Experience• Conclusions Drawn from Experience• Method

• The State of Nature• State of Nature• Egoism

THE STATE OF MEN WITHOUT CIVIL SOCIETY

• Thomas Hobbes• Hobbes’ Purpose• Faculties of Human Nature• Purpose

• Society & Coming Together• Other Thinkers• Why Men Come Together• Why Men Meet• Contracting for Society• Motivation to Form Society• Dominion

THE STATE OF MEN WITHOUT CIVIL SOCIETY

• Society, Equality & Fear• The Origin of All Great & Lasting Societies• Equality• Will to Hurt• Combat of Wits• Most Common Cause of the Desire to Hurt

• The Right to All Things• The Foundation of Natural Right• Right to Means• Right to All

THE STATE OF MEN WITHOUT CIVIL SOCIETY

• War of All Against All• No right at all• War of all against all• Perpetual War• Not the Best• Getting Fellows• Conquering• The Dictate of the Law of Nature

HOBBES’ SOCIAL CONTRACT & SOVEREIGN

• Natural Laws• Natural Laws• The Laws• The Sovereign

• Social Contract• The Contract• The Sovereign• Rights & Morality• Reaction

JOHN LOCKE

• Background• Early years & Education• Public Life• Works• The End

• Locke’s Political Philosophy• The State• Locke’s Assumptions• Differences From Hobbes State of Nature• The Qualities of Locke’s State of Nature

OF CIVIL GOVERNMENTJOHN LOCKE

• The State of Nature & Natural Rights• The State of Nature• Rights to Life, Liberty & Property• Men are God’s Property• Obligation to Preserve Life

• Punishment & Power• The Right to Punish• Limits of & Justification of Punishment• Further Justification of Punishment• Injury & Reparation• Right of Punishment & Right of Reparation• Right to Kill Murderers

OF CIVIL GOVERNMENTJOHN LOCKE

• The State of War• The State of War Defined• Initiating the State of War• The Right to Destroy• Attempts to Enslave• The Right to Kill a Thief• The State of Nature & The State of War• The Right of Self Defense

• Of Property• Common Property & Appropriation• The Basis of Property• Limits of Property• Gold & Silver

OF CIVIL GOVERNMENTJOHN LOCKE

• Tyranny• Tyranny Defined• Tyranny Occurs When• Tyranny

OBEDIENCE & DISOBEDIENCE

• Introduction• Questions• Stanley Milgram’s “Obedience to Authority”• Basis of Obedience• Obedience & Disobedience• Conscience• Specific Situations

SOCRATES & OBEDIENCE

• Social & Political Philosophy• Distrust of Democracy• Laws• Social Contract Theory• Natural Law Theory

CRITO

• The Issue• The Issue

• The First Argument: Benefits• The State Benefited Socrates• Freedom to Leave• Disobedience is Unjust on Three Counts

• The Second Argument: Exile• Socrates could have chosen exile

• The Third Argument• The Contract Argument

HENRY DAVID THOREAU

• Background• Life• Works• Impact

ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCEHENRY DAVID THOREAU

• Government• The Best Government• Government• Less & Better Government• Majority Rule

• Conscience• Conscience & Law• Military & Police• Office Holders & Others• Heroes

ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCEHENRY DAVID THOREAU

• Revolution & Submission• Revolution• Paley• Assessment of Paley

• Voting & Goodness• Goodness & Doing Nothing• Voting

• Duty & Action• Duty & Wrongs• Error Supported by Virtue• Opinion & Action• Unjust Laws & Inaction

ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCEHENRY DAVID THOREAU

• Resisting Injustice• Punishment• Breaking the Law• Prison• Peaceable Revolution

• Property & Protection• Property• Money & Virtue• Protection of the State• Taking Property• Confucius• Refusal of Allegiance

ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCEHENRY DAVID THOREAU

• The State & Prison• Jail• The State & Force• Taxes• After Prison

• Taxes & Resistance• Taxes• People• Resisting

ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCEHENRY DAVID THOREAU

• Progress of the State• Authority• Progress• He Imagines a State

LIBERTY

• Introduction• Questions• Liberty• Positive & Negative Liberty• Who/What Determines Liberty?• Liberty & Security• Other Grounds for Limiting Liberty

BENITO MUSSOLINI

• Background• Life

WHAT IS FASCISMMUSSOLINI & GENTILE

• Fascism• Peace• Only War• Life

• Fascism & Other Views• Marxism & Fascism• Fascism Denies• Democracy & Fascism• Predictions

WHAT IS FASCISMMUSSOLINI & GENTILE

• Foundation of Fascism• Fascism• The Fascist State• Empire

LIBERTYJ.S. MILL

• Goal & History of Liberty• Mill’s Goal• Liberty & Rulers• Liberty as Limiting Power• History of Limiting Power of Rulers

• The Tyranny of the People• The Will of the People• The Tyranny of the Majority

LIBERTYJ.S. MILL

• Limits. Rules & Principles• The Limit of Legitimate Interference• The Basis of Rules• No Principle• Mill’s Principle• Rightful Exercise of Power• Limits in Application: Children & Those in Need of Care• Limit in Application: Barbarians

LIBERTYJ.S. MILL

• Utility as the Foundation of Liberty• Utility• Punishment• Compelling• Accountability

• Sphere of Action & Regions of Liberty• Sphere of Action• 1st Region of Liberty: Inward Domain of consciousness• 2nd Region of Liberty: Tastes & Pursuits• 3rd Region of Liberty: Liberty of Combination

LIBERTYJ.S. MILL

• Opposition• Opposes• Ancient Commonwealths• Modern Commonwealths• Tendencies Against Liberty