Rise of Dictators Rise of Dictators

Chapter 17 Section 1Chapter 17 Section 1

POSTWAR WWI EUROPE POSTWAR WWI EUROPE 1919-1929: Turmoil1919-1929: Turmoil

1.1. POLITICALPOLITICAL • newly created nations newly created nations • shaky German republic shaky German republic

2.2. ECONOMIC ECONOMIC • InflationInflation• destruction of citiesdestruction of cities• massive national debtsmassive national debts

3.3. SOCIAL SOCIAL • DiscontentDiscontent• DisillusionmentDisillusionment• Entire generation of men lostEntire generation of men lost

TURN TO . . .TURN TO . . .DICTATORSHIP:DICTATORSHIP: Autocracy with one ruler in Autocracy with one ruler in

charge (power by force)charge (power by force)

1.1. AuthoritarianAuthoritarian – only political control over the – only political control over the governmentgovernment

2.2. TotalitarianTotalitarian – complete control over all – complete control over all aspects of the nation and the lives of the aspects of the nation and the lives of the people (ESP)people (ESP)

Hitler & Mussolini gained power legally – Hitler & Mussolini gained power legally – citizens allowed them to become totalitarian citizens allowed them to become totalitarian

WHY?WHY?

Types of TotalitarianismTypes of Totalitarianism

FASCISM:FASCISM:

1. State more important than people1. State more important than people2. Market economy with govt. control2. Market economy with govt. control3. Charismatic Leadership3. Charismatic Leadership4. Extreme Nationalism4. Extreme Nationalism5. Extreme Militarism5. Extreme Militarism6. Charismatic Leadership6. Charismatic Leadership7. Pomp and Circumstance7. Pomp and Circumstance8. Propaganda and Censorship 8. Propaganda and Censorship

Types of TotalitarianismTypes of Totalitarianism

NAZISM:NAZISM:

All elements of FascismAll elements of Fascism Adding in racial & ethnic superiorityAdding in racial & ethnic superiority

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TOTALITARIAN SYMBOLSTOTALITARIAN SYMBOLS

FASCESFASCES Chosen by Italy’s Chosen by Italy’s

MussoliniMussolini Bundle of rods Bundle of rods

bound around an bound around an axax

Ancient Roman Ancient Roman symbol of authoritysymbol of authority

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TOTALITARIAN SYMBOLSTOTALITARIAN SYMBOLS

SWASTIKASWASTIKA Chosen by Chosen by

Germany’s HitlerGermany’s Hitler Ancient Aryan Ancient Aryan

symbol of the sunsymbol of the sun Aryans - ancient Aryans - ancient

Indo-EuropeansIndo-Europeans Means to “create Means to “create

well-being”well-being”

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MUSSOLINI

HITLER

The AXIS Leaders

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AXIS LeadersAXIS LeadersAdolph HitlerAdolph Hitler1933-1945 1933-1945

GermanyGermany

Revenge for Treaty of Revenge for Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

LebensraumLebensraum Purify Aryan RacePurify Aryan Race Restore Germany to glory Restore Germany to glory

of Holy Roman Empire & of Holy Roman Empire & Bismarck (1Bismarck (1stst & 2 & 2ndnd Reichs) Reichs)

Stabilize economy during Stabilize economy during the Great Depressionthe Great Depression

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini1922-1945 1922-1945

ItalyItaly

Shortchanged by Treaty of Shortchanged by Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

Deal with the inefficiency Deal with the inefficiency of Italian government of Italian government

Restore Italy to greatness Restore Italy to greatness of Roman Empireof Roman Empire

Search for colonies Search for colonies

OTHER TOTALITARIAN OTHER TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTSGOVERNMENTS

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War

(1936-37)(1936-37) Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco Fascist Fascist nationalistsnationalists

backed by GER/ITbacked by GER/IT Democratic Democratic

republicansrepublicans were were backed by Russiabacked by Russia

1M Spaniards died1M Spaniards diedwww.masonicinfo.com

OTHER TOTALITARIAN OTHER TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTSGOVERNMENTS

Josef StalinJosef Stalin Took over USSR - Took over USSR -

19291929 Totalitarian and Totalitarian and

CommunistCommunist Hated Fascists Hated Fascists

although very although very much like themmuch like them

Will join AlliesWill join Allies

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