rise of dictators stalin’s soviet union a. economic plans 1. huge collective farms 2. starvation...
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WORLD WAR II
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Rise of DictatorsStalin’s Soviet Union
a. Economic Plans1. Huge collective farms
2. Starvation & rationing
3. Pushed industrialization more
b. Reign of Terror1. Purges – removed enemies &
undesirables
2. Show trials – always guilty
3. Millions killed or put in camps
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Fascism in Italy
i. Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Party
ii. Appointed Prime Minister
iii. Suspended elections
iv. Began conquests – Ethiopia
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Hitler’s Rise to Power
i. Served in WWI – injured
ii. Hated Versailles Treaty
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Nazi Party
i. National Socialist German Workers Party
ii. Nov. 1923 – 3000 followers tried to overthrow
iii. Fail, jailed
iv. Wrote “Mein Kampf”1. Wanted German Homeland
2. Aryan Race – Blonde hair/blue eyes
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Hitler Becomes Chancellor
i. 1932 – made by Hindenburg
ii. Suspended free speech and press
iii. Brown shirts – Nazi thugs quiet opposition
iv. 1934 – Pres too = Der Fuhrer
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Rearms and Expandsi. Secretly began rearming
ii. Built autobahn
iii. Army began taking over land
iv. Allied with Italy = Axis Powers
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Spanish Civil War
i. Several parties fought for power
ii. Nationalist lead by Gen. Franco
iii. Dictatorship
iv. Germany helped Franco
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Europe Goes to WarInvasion of Polandi. Hitler & Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact
ii. 9/1/39 – Hitler invades Poland
iii. 9/3 – UK & France declare war
iv. German blitzkrieg – lightening war
v. Fast, concentrated air and land attack
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War in the West
i. Poland fell, war stopped
ii. Sitzkrieg – sit down war
iii. Maginot Line – French fortification line
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France Falls
i. 4/9/40 – Attack Denmark & Norway
ii. Went around Maginot
iii. 6/22 – France surrenders to Germany
iv. Vichy France – Nazi control
v. Bottom ¼ - Gen de Gaulle & resistance
vi. Allies – France, UK, USA
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Battle of Britain
i. Luftwaffe attacks London
ii. Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks Berlin
iii. Heavy bombing, much death, destruction
iv. Britain hid in subway
v. Kids shipped to countryside
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Japan Builds an EmpireGrowing Military Power
i. 1920s – recession
ii. Military began influencing politics
iii. Invaded and took Manchuria from China
iv. Puppet State
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War Against China
i. 1937 invaded China
ii. Rape of Nanjing – 100,000 killed
iii. US wanted Japan to stop
iv. UK helped China fight back
v. 1940 – Japan joined Axis
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US Chooses Neutrality
i. 1930’s – Neutrality Acts
ii. Prevented trade with countries at war
iii. Europe and Asia fell to war
iv. US watched
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Americas Involvement Growsiv. Revised Neutrality Acts
v. Gave aid to UK and France
vi. Most wanted “all aid short of war”
vii. FDR wins 3rd election
viii. Lend-Lease = send aid now, get back later
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Japan Attacks!!!i. Sunday, December 7, 1941
@ 7am
ii. Radar saw planes “Don’t worry”
iii. After 3 hours1. 2400 killed
2. 200 planes destroyed
3. 18 warships sunk
iv. 12/8 – US declares war
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US Mobilization
i. Selective Training and Service Act
ii. 16 million called GIs – Government Issue
iii. 25,000 NA – code talkers
iv. Tuskegee Airmen – All AA units
v. 350,000 women
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The War Economy
i. Office of War Mobilization
ii. Stopped consumer goods
iii. Started war goods
iv. Ford – B-24 bombers
v. Paid by taxes and bonds
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Daily Life
i. Shortage of consumer goods
ii. Food stamps & rationing
iii. Food needed for troops
iv. Victory Gardens
v. Spent money on other thingsi. Baseball, music, movies
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American’s Join In
i. US & UK fought U-Boats in Atlantic
ii. 20 U-Boats = Wolf Pack
iii. Sunk 175 ships in June 1942
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North Africai. Feb 1941
ii. Hitler sends Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox”
iii. US Gen Eisenhower fought back
iv. Nazi lost in 1943
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Italyi. US invaded Italy next under Gen.
Patton
ii. Mussolini arrested, new govt. set
iii. Nazi pushed out by April 1945
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Soviet Unioni. German blitzkrieg & Luftwaffe
ii. Nazi began to take over
iii. Stalin called for help, US did
iv. Battle of Stalingrad (Sept 1942)i. Red Army took advantage of winter
ii. Losses: Germany 33,000, Red – 1 million
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Allied Air War
i. RAF’s carpet bombing – 3000 planes
ii. 1000’s of civilians killed
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Invasion of Western Europei. Operation Overlord by Gen. Marshall
ii. D-Day June 6, 1944
iii. Ships, planes attack Normandy, France
iv. Able to liberate France
v. Battle of the Bulgei. Small US units took West Europe
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War Endsi. Soviets fought to Berlin in 1945
ii. Hitler refuses to leave city
iii. Underground bunker with wife
iv. Suicide April 30th
v. Germany surrenders May 8th
vi. VE Day
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Yalta Conference
i. Feb 1945
ii. Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
iii. Split Germany in 4
iv. Berlin too (deep in USSR)
v. Stalin promised to end war with Japan
vi. Didn’t keep promise
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The Holocausti. Aryans – Germanic People
ii. Semites – Middle Eastern/Jews
iii. Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews
iv. Hitler believed in Aryan superiority
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Persecution in Germanyi. 1933 – Anti-Semitism became law
ii. 33-45 – 6 million Jews killed
iii. Other groups (6 mil) suffered too
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Nazi Policiesi. Jews lost citizenship, fired, sell
business
ii. Define “Jew” – 3 of 4 grandparents
iii. “Sarah” and “Israel”
iv. Forced to wear Star of David
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Kristallnachti. Most Jews believed they would endure
ii. November 9, 1938
iii. SS destroyed all Jew stores, houses, temples
iv. “Night of Broken Glass”
v. Forced to ghettos
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Einsatzgruppeni. Mobile killing squads in Russia
ii. Jews and Communists dug own graves
iii. Shot by Nazi soldiers
iv. Wannsee Conference 1942
v. Wanted Final Solution
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Death Camps – Part 1i. Zyklon B – pesticide
ii. Shower rooms that expelled gas
iii. 6 camps in Poland became Death Camps
iv. Used cattle trains to move people
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Death Camps – Part 2
i. Auschwitz & Dachau = worst
ii. 2 lines – Work or Die
iii. Gas Chamber -> furnace
iv. Alive – shaved, tattoo, work
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Death Camps – Part 3
i. Hard work, little food, disease, brutality
ii. Torture and medical experiments
iii. 12,000 gassed a day
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Rebellion, Rescue, & Liberationi. Some Jews fought back
ii. Worked for a moment
iii. US knew in 1942 – did nothing
iv. Troops found camps in 1945
v. Photographed everything!
vi. No idea what they were seeing
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Nuremberg Trialsi. 24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes against
humanity
ii. 12 got death penalty
iii. Israel still finding and trying Nazi criminals
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War in the Pacifici. Japan took over much of East Asia
ii. POWs tortured, marched for days
iii. Ship battles, many attacks
iv. Fought on islands – Island hopping
v. Kamikazes – suicide planes
vi. Japanese in US put in internment camps
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Iwo Jima and Okinawai. Two major battles
ii. Iwo Jima – 25,000 deaths, 27 medal of honor
iii. Famous flag picture
iv. Okinawa – huge allied fleet, fought kamikazes
v. 50,000 dead
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Manhattan Project
i. To develop atomic bomb
ii. Truman made decision to drop to save lives
iii. 8/6/45 – 1st bomb on Hiroshima
iv. 80,000 killed, 90% of city leveled
v. August 14th – Japan surrenders