Rise of NationsRise of NationsPreview:

–A nation-statenation-state is a country:•Have a strong government •Have political boundaries •Are made up of people with a common language & culture

–How does this differ from How does this differ from what we have studied during what we have studied during the Middle Ages?the Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Decline of Feudalism and the Rise of Nations in

England & France

Rise of NationsAfter decline of Rome, Western

Europe fell under rule of many different groups of people

Fighting occurred almost constantly among these groups

Feudalism emerged as a form of government that offered protection

Rise of NationsExcept for Charlemagne, kings had

very little power because their lands & power was transferred to the nobles

BUT, in 1100s European monarchs (kings) began to build strong nation-states

Nation-stateNation-state is group of people under 1 government, with definite territorial borders, common culture & language

Strong MonarchiesEngland & France were Europe’s

1st nation-statesThe role of the monarchy (king)

grew stronger in England & France in the 1300s

The growth of nations led to the beginning of NationalismNationalism (loyalty to a nation-state rather than feudal lord)

EnglandAfter the collapse of the Roman

Empire, England was dominated by 2 Germanic tribes: Angles & Saxons; groups combined in 866 & kingdom became known as England (“Angleland”)

EnglandNorman InvasionNorman Invasion—William, Duke

of Normandy invaded England in 1066 & became a very powerful king of England (became known as William the Conqueror)

EnglandWilliam’s grandson, Henry II, set

up system of common lawcommon law—using judges & courts to make sure law is obeyed–Grand JuriesGrand Juries—

examined crimes –Petit JuriesPetit Juries—decided

guilt or innocence of suspects

EnglandHenry II’s son, John, was weak &

unpopular king who upset feudal lords; forced him to sign Magna CartaMagna Carta in 1215

–1st document to limit the power of a king (king could not collect taxes without approval of a Great CouncilGreat Council of nobles)

EnglandAs middle class began to grow, they

wanted representation in Great Council; 1295, king allowed middle class to join—became known as ParliamentParliament

–Parliament limited king by advising him on government decisions

Stronger Monarchies—War of the RosesIn 1455, England had a civil war as 2

royal families claimed the throne: Lancaster (red rose) & York (white)

Henry Tudor was related to both families & ended the civil war—Henry was then named king

Stronger Monarchies—War of the Roses

Effects: Effects:

–Many nobles died or fled during war, which strengthened monarchy & further reduced feudalism

FranceKEY IDEAKEY IDEA: Instead of creating

a nation-state with strong king then limiting power of king like England, France creates a nation-state with strong king who got stronger

FranceAfter Charlemagne died, Frankish

kings were very weak; nobles in France ruled as if there was no king

In 987 Hugh CapetHugh Capet took French throne from a weak king; strengthened French monarchy

–Freed peasants from feudal lords; people became loyal to king not lords

FranceCreated Estates-GeneralEstates-General—group

of nobles, church members, peasants to help raise taxes–But, Estates-General never

became as powerful in France as Parliament was in England…so…

–The French king grew more powerful than the English king (who was limited by Parliament)

First Estate—Clergy (Priests)First Estate—Clergy (Priests)

Second Estate—NoblesSecond Estate—Nobles

Third Estate—CommonersThird Estate—Commoners

Complete Complete Strengthening MonarchiesStrengthening Monarchies Use the following word bank to complete

the sentences provided:

–Hugh CapetHugh Capet

–ParliamentParliament

–CrusadesCrusades

–WilliamWilliam

–War of the RosesWar of the Roses

–100 Years War100 Years War

–LimitedLimited

–Magna CartaMagna Carta

–Black DeathBlack Death

–MonarchMonarch

Middle Ages:Rise of Spain as a Nation

SpainThe Islamic Empire controlled

most of Spain since 750BUT, Christians began to retake

Spain around time of Crusades (quest known as Reconquista)

By late 1400s, the ReconquistaReconquista was successful; Spain was ruled by exclusively by Christian kings

But Spain was divided into feudal territories—it was not unified

Islamic Islamic (Muslim) (Muslim) TerritoryTerritory

Islamic Islamic TerritoryTerritory

Spain

Spain was united when Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469

Began Spanish InquisitionSpanish Inquisition—used trials, torture, imprisonment to rid Spain of all Jews & Muslims (“one king, one law, one faith”)

Middle Ages:Rise of Russia

as a Nation

Byzantines Influence SlavsSlavs—nomads migrated from Europe

to Asia; warred with Byzantines Because of contact, Slavs began to

convert to Christianity & adopted many Byzantine customs–Cyril developed alphabet so they

could read Bible—Cyrillic AlphabetCyrillic Alphabet–Russian king was impressed with

Hagia Sophia, developed Russia like Constantinople, not Rome

SLAVSSLAVS

BYZANTINESBYZANTINES

RussiaDuring 1200s, the Mongols

invaded & ruled over all of Russia (& Asia and China, too!)

But, in 1480 Ivan III refused to pay the Mongols tributetribute (taxes) & broke Russia free from Mongol control

Ivan III became czarczar (Slavic word for king) & made Moscow capital of new empire

RussiaUnder Ivan IV, the power of feudal

lords was weakened & Russia conquered more land from Mongols; Ivan IV married Anastasia Anastasia RomanovRomanov (Romanov family will be important later!!)

But, Ivan IV ruled by terror, murdered thousands of Russians, even his own son (Was Ivan IV insane?)

The Rise of Nations Review

For each new nation-state, use the textbox to identify the significant event(s) that led to the rise of a powerful king