rise of the dictators. totalitarism one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of the lives of...
TRANSCRIPT
RISE OF THE DICTATORS
• Totalitarism one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of the lives of its citizens
• Terror–SECRET POLICE
–CENSORSHIP
–NO CAN SPEAK OUT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT
• PROPAGANDA–Movies, schools, factories.
–Messages all about good of the government
–Evils of west and capitalism
• Nationalism
• Increase of the dedication to ones country above all else
• Religion–ATHIESTISM Official religion
• Persecution–Hebrews
–Islam
–Catholics
–None were spared
• Stalin
• Mussolini
• Hitler
• Franco
FACIST ITALY
• Fascism extreme right winged ideology based on total control of people through fear, force and censorship
• Monarchy in Italy
• Unable to solve problems
• unemployment
• Weak economy
• Benito Mussolini• Extreme Nationalist• Formed Fascist Party• Opposed to communism• Appealed to upper and middle
class
• Mussolini stressed
• Ownership of private property
• Cooperation between workers and management
• Return of Rome to glory (Nationalism)
• Black Shirts Mussolini secret police
• Waged a violent campaign against Communists and Socialists
• Used violence as tactic to suppress oppositions and strikes
• King refused to declare martial law
• Mussolini was named Premier
Became a dictator
• Appointed Fascists to all positions in government
• Mussolini quickly–Banned all political parties
–Suspended all basic liberties
–Kept unions under his control
• Italy became a police state
• Government based on economic activity
• 22 corporations met to establish wages and prices
• Italy is now in firm control of Mussolini and Fascists
Stalin
• Tactics
• Fear
• Eliminated religion–Seized Orthodox property
–Persecuted religious leaders
• Churches turned into public buildings
• New Constitution
• APPEARED TO BE DEMOCRATIC
• Supreme Soviet met twice a year–Elected Politburo
–Council of Ministers
–Executive and administrative power
• Real power was held by a few leaders who were led by Stalin
• Stalin enacted a purge
• Eliminated party members
Who were accused of being against his policies
• Purged • Intellectuals• Army officials• Union leaders and members• Purge then expanded to the
general public
• By 1939 5 to 8 million people had been arrested, deported, imprisoned in labor camps or executed by Stalin
• Stalin wanted other countries in Europe to accept USSR
• Wanted to spread Communism throughout Europe
Germany
• 1919 Treaty of Versailles
• New government called the Weimar Republic
• Kaiser had left
• In city of Weimar new government formed
• Great Depression
• Stock Market Crash of 1929–Speculation
–Caused panic and run on banks world wide
–Unemployment was high
• Germany in economic depression
• Unemployment high inflation
• Blamed initially on the Weimar government
• Unemployment rose from 2 million in 1930 to 6 million in 1932
• Rival factions tried to control Germany
• Fascist and Communists
• Nazi Party
• National Socialist German Worker Party
• Extremely Nationalistic
• Anti Semitic
• Anti communist
• Promised to protect Germany from Communism
• Adolph Hitler in prison wrote Mien Kamph (My Struggle) how to take power legally
• Stressed Nationalism
• Purity of the Arian race
• (total elimination of the Jews)
• He was a charismatic, great speaker
• Depression and civil unrest caused workers to drift to Nazi message
• Von Hindenburg leader of Germany old and weak
• Nazi gained seats in Reichstag slowly and Hitler became leader
• Von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor
• 1933 Reichstag burned Hitler blamed it on the Communists
• Took title of Der Fuhrer
• Turned Germany into a Police state
• Revived economy in early 1930’s
• Government projects –Roads
–Houses
–Forrest restoration
–Rebuild military and weapons
• Banned unions
• Opposition
• Newspapers
• political parties
• Brown Shirts
• Gestapo Secret Police
• Hitler now went after his Master Race
• Elimination of Jewish, handicapped, mentally inferior
• gypsies
• Jews were blamed for all of Germanys’ problems
• Loss in WWI Treaty of Versailles
• Became Hitler’s scapegoat
• Identified by yellow star
• Hitler called his rule Third Reich
• 1st Holy Roman Empire
• 2nd Hohenzollern Empire
• 3rd Hitler reign would be for a thousand years