risk and safety in work environments
TRANSCRIPT
Risk and Safety in Work Environments
Mahsa Teimourikia, PhD StudentSupervised by: Prof. Mariagrazia Fugini
Politecnico di Milano
[email protected] 2015
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Outlines
• Motivation and Objectives
• Overview of our research
• Definitions
• Methodology:
• Risk Assessment
• Future Work
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Motivations
[1] K. Smith, Environmental hazards: assessing risk and reducing disaster, Routledge, 2013.
• In environmental risk management, providing security and safety for people and various resources dynamically, according what happens in the environment is an open issue [1].
• In monitored environments, where risks can be acknowledged via sensors and spatial data technologies, risk should be assessed to be able to provide required safety and security.
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The Definition of Risk
Risk: hazards and abnormalities recognized in an environment that indicate a threat to the infrastructures and/or the civilians
• (e.g., If sensors indicate gas leak, there is a risk of fire and explosion.).
• Risks can be avoided via preventive strategies (e.g., closing the gas flow).
• Risks contain attributes like Type, IntensityLevel, and Location.
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The Steps in Risk Management
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Risk Assessment (ISO 31000:2009)
• Risk Identification: A process to understand what could happen, how, when and why
• Risk Analysis: Concerned with developing an understanding of each risk, its consequences, and the likelihood of those consequences to happen.
• Risk Evaluation: Involves making a decision about the level of risk and the priority for attention through the application the criteria developed when the context was established.
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Risk Assessment (ISO 31000:2009)
• Risk assessment is a methodological framework for determining the nature and extent of the risk associated with an activity. Including:
– Identification of relevance sources (threats, hazards, opportunities).
– Cause and consequence analysis, including assessment of exposure and vulnerabilities.
– Risk description.
• The risk assessment provides a description of risk related to loss of lives and injuries as a result of these hazards, based on relevant data, models and expert judgments. The assessment thus produces knowledge about safety related phenomena, processes, events, etc.;
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Risk Treatment (ISO 31000:2009)
• Involves evaluation and selection from options, prioritizing and implementing the selected treatment through a planned process.
• Options to be considered during risk treatment:
– Avoiding the risk by deciding not to start or continue with the activity that gives rise to the risk.
– Removing the risk source
– Changing the likelihood
– Changing the consequences
– …
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Main Risk Assessment Methods
• Qualitative Techniques:
– Check lists, what-if Analysis, Safety Audits, Task Analysis, STEP technique, HAZOP
• Quantitative Techniques:
– PRAT Technique, DMRA Technique, Risk measures of societal risk, QRA technique, QADS, CREA method, PEA method, WRA
• Hybrid Techniques:
– HEAT/HFEA, FTA, ETA, RBM
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Going back to our research
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The Risk Management System (RMS) [2]
• The RMS receives the inputs from sensors and monitoring devices, recognizes the risks in the environment and produces a Risk Map and preventive Strategies accordingly.
[2] M. Fugini, C. Raibulet, and L. Ubezio, "Risk assessment in work environments: modeling and simulation," Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 24, no. 18, pp. 2381-2403, 2012.
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What we consider...
In our context we consider:
The use of risk definition patterns to avoid malformed definitions
The use of best practices to define risk patterns to avoid missing some risks
The indication of strategies for risk management, to be executed through a set of corrective actions.
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What we consider...
The definition of risk implies the specification of the following information:
A risk name that clearly identify it. To identify a risk the system must learn from BP, namely: Workers experience Working environment law Rescue/Safety force repots Accident statistical information A verbal/textual definition of the risk.
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What we consider...
And prescriptions:
Identify the causes of the risk
Identify the events and their correlation to identify a risk situation
Identify the measure for the level of risk
Identify by which means such measures can be extracted from the working environment and the acquisition strategies.
Enumerate the actions performed on the environment to reduce the risk level
Identify by which means it would be possible to check that the proposed preventive action have been applied.
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What we consider: Risk Levels
What is the risk level? How to model a risk level?
Each risk should be associated with a risk level expressing its severity.
Not all risks lead to the same consequences.
Why risk level should be modeled?
To maintain the level of risk to the lowest possible
In case of multiple risks the level is a good measure for prioritizing their treatments.
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Characterizing the Risk
We identify risk through some properties reported below:
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Risk Computation/Assessment
Elements used in risk computation:
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Risk Computation/Assessment
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Risk Computation/Assessment
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Problems of the analytical risk computation
It is difficult to obtain validity ranges for coefficients from experimental data;
Risk coefficients should not be bound to any other factor in the expression, since the worn protections and the procedures in place should offer a constant support to reduction of the risk for a person independently of his distance from dangers.
The distance parameter could make risk values oscillate out of the prescribed range. In fact even short distances can increase the risk to very high levels. Although conceptually correct, this could lead to problems during the elaboration of risk formulas.
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To solve the problems…
The security coefficient has been separated from the computation of the actual danger by subtracting a numeric valued depending of the protections used to prevent a damage caused by the considered element.
The distance has been substituted by a Gaussian coefficient dependent on both the distance from the dangerous source and on the danger type, giving a value between 0 and 1. Such value is multiplied with the dangerousness Pr in order to smoothen its contribute with the increase of the distance.
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The risk formula
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The risk formula in two dimensional space
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Moving from Risk to Safety
Safety: The condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk or injury.
• the absence of accidents that are events involving an unplanned and unacceptable loss.
• Safety as low or acceptable risk.
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Risk Management vs. Safety Management
• Very similar concepts
• Safety management can be considered as the subset of risk management.
• Risk refers to a broader concept that can include: financial, reputation, legal, business, and market share risks.
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Bow-tie Model
Bow-tie Model: Several hazards/threats can cause a hazardous event which may have consequences.
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Uncertainty models in Safety Management
• Uncertainty can apply at different levels:
– Uncertainty of input data– Uncertainty of the risk assessment
model– Uncertainty of output data
• Uncertainty plays an important part in decision making specifically when it comes to security and safety.
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Selected Publications• Fugini, Mariagrazia, and Mahsa Teimourikia, George Hadjichristofi. "Web-Based
Cooperative Tool for Risk Treatment under Adaptive Security Rules." submitted for publication at Special Issue on Semantic Web for Cooperation - Future Generation Computer Systems, Elsevier Editor.
• Fugini, Mariagrazia, and Mahsa Teimourikia. "RAMIRES: Risk Adaptive Management In Resilient Environments with Security" Submitted for publication in WETICE Conference (WETICE), 2015 IEEE 24th International. IEEE, 2015.
• Fugini, Mariagrazia, and Mahsa Teimourikia. "Risks in smart environments and adaptive access controls." Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2014 Fourth International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.
• Fugini, Mariagrazia, and Mahsa Teimourikia. "Access Control Privileges Management for Risk Areas." Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries. Springer International Publishing, 2014. 98-111.
• Fugini, Mariagrazia, George Hadjichristofi, and Mahsa Teimourikia. "Adaptive Security for Risk Management Using Spatial Data." Database and Expert Systems Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2014.
• Fugini, Mariagrazia, George Hadjichristofi, and Mahsa Teimourikia. "Dynamic Security Modeling in Risk Management Using Environmental Knowledge." WETICE Conference (WETICE), 2014 IEEE 23rd International. IEEE, 2014.
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Contact Information
• Drop an email to:
[email protected]• View profile in:
Polimi Deib: http://home.deib.polimi.it/teimourikia
Office: Via Ponzio, Edificio 21, First Floor,
Office no. 19
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References• [1] Bahr, Nicholas J. System safety engineering and risk assessment: a practical
approach. CRC Press, 2014.
• [2] Purdy, Grant. "ISO 31000: 2009—setting a new standard for risk management."Risk analysis 30.6 (2010): 881-886.
• [3] Aven, Terje. "On the new ISO guide on risk management terminology."Reliability engineering & System safety 96.7 (2011): 719-726.
• [4] Aven, Terje, et al. Uncertainty in Risk Assessment: The Representation and Treatment of Uncertainties by Probabilistic and Non-probabilistic Methods. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
• [5] Rausand, Marvin. Risk assessment: Theory, methods, and applications. Vol. 115. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
• [6] Marhavilas, Pan-K., D. Koulouriotis, and V. Gemeni. "Risk analysis and assessment methodologies in the work sites: on a review, classification and comparative study of the scientific literature of the period 2000–2009." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 24.5 (2011): 477-523
• [7] Fugini, Mariagrazia, Claudia Raibulet, and Luigi Ubezio. "Risk assessment in work environments: modeling and simulation." Concurrency and computation: Practice and experience 24.18 (2012): 2381-2403.
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Thank You