risk reduction methods
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Risk Reduction Methods. palmer high school. Permanent Methods. Tubal Ligation (Surgically cut the fallopian tubes to prevent sperm reaching the egg. Vasectomy (Surgically cutting the vas deferens to eliminate sperm from leaving the male reproductive system.) Hysterectomy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
palmer high school
Permanent Methods
Tubal Ligation(Surgically cut the fallopian tubes to prevent sperm reaching the egg.
Vasectomy(Surgically cutting the vas deferens to eliminate sperm from leaving the male reproductive system.)
Hysterectomy(Removal of the uterus)
• Inhibit ovulation (prevent the release of eggs from the ovary)
• Thicken mucus in the cervix
• Thin the lining of the uterus (endometrium)
Hormonal Methods
Pill (Taken orally, daily)
Patch (1 patch per week – for 3 weeks)
Nuva Ring (1 ring for 3 weeks)
Depo Provera (1 shot – every 3 months)
92% - 99.7%
Up to 99.7%
Up to 99.7%
99.7%
Emergency Contraception
1 pill should be taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex and 1 more pill 12 hours later
Recent research indicates that both doses can be taken at the same time up to 120 hours after unprotected sex. The pills are more effective the sooner they are taken.
20% - 40% Failure RateNo STI protection
60% - 80%
Intrauterine Device
Contains a progesterone-like hormone
Interfere with sperm movement preventing sperm from reaching the fallopian tubes
Thickens cervical mucus
Preventing the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus
Very effective - less than one pregnancy per 100 users
Spermicides
Gels, foams, creams, film, and suppositories which contain a chemical that kills sperm.
Placed in the vagina before intercourse – each method has specific directions for use.
71% - 85%
If used without another birth control method (such as condoms), not very effective
Typical use results in 71% of the users getting pregnant in one year
May decrease your risk of getting some STDs
But… may actually INCREASE your risk of getting HIV infection
Barrier Methods
Male Condom
Female Condom
Sponge (Barrier and spermicidal Method)
Diaphragm and Cervical Cap
85% - 98%
79% – 95%
84% - 94%
87% - 91%
Withdrawal 73% (Preg.) 0% (STI)(Withdrawing the penis prior to ejaculation)
Fertility Awareness 75% (Preg.)0% (STI)
(Abstain from sex around the time of ovulation – specific training with a doctor is required.)
Abstinence 100% (Preg) 100% (STI)(Abstaining from all forms of sexual contact)