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1/26

ALL-WEATHER

GEOLOGICAL

FIEL BOOK

umbered

ages

Name

Address __

Phone __

r ~ _

Ri t e in

th

e Rain -

A patented environmentally responsible a ll-

wea

t her

wr

iting

paper

that sheds water and enables you

to

write

anywhere in any weather. Using a

pencil or all-weather pen

Rite

in the

Rain

ensures

that

your not es su rvive the rigors

of he

field regardless of the condit

ions

.

Spec

if i

cat

i

ons

fo

r t his

book

:

Page

Pattern

Cover Options

Left

Page

Co lumnar

Right

Page

1/10 Grid

Pol y

dur

a Cover

Fa

brlk

o

ld Cov

er

N

RiteintheRain com

Made in the USA

US Pat

No

. 6 86 3

940

I

tem

No 540 F

© 1996 2012 All Rights Reserved


2/26

CONTENTS

P GE

REFEREN

E

D TE

Reference Page

ndex

38 Abbreviations

of

Geologic Terms

39

Abbreviations

of

Geologic

Terms

140 Classification and Characteristics

of

Igneous

Rocks

4 Sandstone Composition Classification

42

Measurement Conversions

43 Grain Size Scales

144 Graph for Determining the

Size of

Sedimentary Particles

45

Graph for Determining the Size of Sedimentary Particles

146 Comparison Chart for Estimating Percentage Composition

47 Comparison Chart for Estimating Percentage Composition

48 Soi l Classification

149 So il Classification

15 Metamorphic Rocks

5

Geologica l Map Symbols

152 Geologica l Map Symbols

153

Geologica l Map Symbo ls

154 Geologica l Map Symbols

155

Geologica l Map Symbols

56 Depositional Texture


3/26

Location

Date

Project Client

~ \

\

f

\


4/26

Location

Date

Project lient

Scale


5/26

38

The

manufacturers of "Rite in the Rain" all-weather writing products are grateful

to

the numerous geological experts

who

have contributed

to

the development of this

book. Should you have an additions, improvements or corrections for future

publications of this field book or have suggestions for other geological filed book

formats, we welcome your input.

Although much effort has been taken to insure the accuracy of the following

reference pages, the J. L Darling corporation can not guarantee the accuracy of

the

data

contained herein.

To provide input or request pricing on these or custom printed field books, contact

your "Rite in the rain" dealer or J. L Darling Corporation, 253 922 5000 or visit us

online at www. RiteintheRain .com

Abbreviation of Geologic Terms

abundant abnt

chlorite

Chi

acicular

acic

claystone

Cis

actinome

Act

cleavage

Clv

aggregate

Aggr

clinopyroxene Cpx

albite

Ab

cobble

Cbl

amorphous

am

or

conglomerate

Cgl

amount

Ami

contact

etc

amphibole Amph

cordierite

Cord

amphibolite

Am

phi corundum Cor

andalusite

Andal

cross-bedding

xbdd

angle

cross-bedding

Xbdg

angular

ang

cross-laminated

xlam

andesite

And

cross section

X sect

anhedral

anhed

crystal XI

anhydrite

Anhy

crystalline

xln

approximate

approx

diameter

Diam

arenaceous

aren

different

dill

argillaceous

arg

diopside

Diop

argillite

Arg

disseminated

dissem

arkosic

ark

d o l o m ~ e

Dol

arsenopyrite

Ars

d o l o m ~ i c dol

s p h ~ i c

as ph

elevation

Elev

average Ave

equivalent

equiv

bedded

bdd

evaporite

Evap

bedding Bdng

exposure

Exp

bentonite

Bent

feldspatic feld

biotite

Bio

foliated

fol

bituminous

bit

foliation

Fol

boulder

Bldr

f o r m i n ~ e r

Foram

brachiopod Brach

formation

Fm

breccia

Bx

fragmental

trag

calcareous

calc

g l u c o n ~ e Glauct

carbonaceous

carb

granite

Gr

cavernous

cav

granodiorite

Grd

cement Cmt

granular

gran

chalcedony

Chal

graptolite

Grap

c h l c o p y r ~ e

Cp

graywacke Gwke


6/26

39

Abbreviation of Geologic Terms

greenstone Grnst point PI

gypsiferous gyp

porphyritic porph

hematitic hem probable prob

horizontal horiz

pyrijic

py

hornblende Hbl

pyroxene Px

hornfels Hils pyroxenite Pxt

hypidiomorphic hypid pyrrhome Pyrr

igneous ign

quartz Qz

ignimbrite lgnm

quartzije

Qzt

ilmenite lim radiolarian Rad

inclusion Inc I

reconnaissance Recon

interbedded intbdd regular reg

intrusion lntr rhyolite Rhy

irregular ireg

rocks Rx

joint Jnt rounded rndd

kaolinite Kaol sandstone Ss

K-feldspar Kspar

saturated sat

laminated lam secondary sec

limestone Ls sediment Sed

limonite Lim sedimentary sed

lithologic lith serpentine Spt

magnetite Mag siliceous

sil

maximum Max

siltstone Sits

member Mbr

soluble sol

metamorphic met

sphalerite Sphal

microline Micr

station Sta

montmorillonite Mont

staurolite Staur

mudsstone Mdst

structure Struc

muscovite Muse

stratigraphic strat

nepheline Neph

surficial surf

nodular nod

tabular tab

olivine

1

temperature T

orthopyroxene Opx

apograph c topo

orthoclase Orth

tourmaline Tourm

outcrop Otcp

tremolite

Tem

pebble Pbl

unconformity Unci

pegmatite

Peg

variegated vrtg

peridotite Perid

vegetation \A3g

permeability Perm

vertebrate Vrtb

phenocryst Pheno

volcanic vole

phlogopite

Ph

log

volume

\\:JI

phosphatic phos

wollastonite Woll

plagioclase Plag

xenolith Xen


7/26

14

lassification and haracteristics of Igneous Rocks

Q

Ft>d Bearing

Monzon ite

Foidolite

F

lUGS dass ification

o

plutonic and

i

volcanic rocks

in

the double triangle Q-A-P-F according to their actual mineral content.

Affer

StreckeJsen, 1973, 1976

, 1979 .


8/26

N

'

~ ~

_ -

.. JJ

z .

''

;; ,.

N=>

0 0

i:o::J

'

'

'

§

g·

'

0 '

2

8

5

- o z

~ ~

Sandstone Composition Classification

0

Subfeldsarenite

Sublitharenite

If/

~

~

(\)

~

1:1

FIR Rati o

Phyllarenite

b L ~

1

:

1

MRF

lgneous-litharenite

.j:>.


9/26

INCH

1

3

4

5

6

ME SUREMENT CONVERSIONS

U.S.

to

METRIC

inch x2.54 = centimeter

foot x 0 .

3048

=meter

yards

x

0.914 = meter

mile x1.609 =kilometer

quart x0.946 =liter

gallon x 3.785 = liter

ounce x 28.349 = grams

lbs x 0.454 = kg

METRIC

to

U.S.

centimeter x 0.394 = inch

meter x 3.28 =foot

meter

x

1.094

=yards

kilometer x 0.621 =mile

liter x 1.057 = quarts

liter x 0.264 = gallon

grams x 0.035 = ounce

kg

x

2.205 = lbs

mpg x 0.245 = km/ltr

mph

x

1.

609

=

km/hr

o to oc F- 32 x .555

km/ltr

x2.354 = mpg

km/hr

x

0 .

621

=mph

octo °

Cx

1.8

+

32

ENGLISH

LINEAR

MEASUREMENTS

12 inches

= 1 foot

36 inches = 1

yard

3 feet = 1 yard

1,760 yards = 1

mile

statute

2,026 .8 yards = 1 mile nautical

5,280

feet = 1 mile statute

6 ,

060

.4

feet

= 1 mile nautical

63,360 inches = 1 mile statute

72,963 inches = 1 mile nautical

MAP SCALES ENGLISH METRIC

SCALE

l iNCH 1

CENTIMETER

1:10,

000

833.33 feet 328.1 feet

254 meters 100 meters

1:25,000

2,083.3 feet 820.2 feet

635 meters

250 meters

1:50,000

4,

166.7

feet 1,640.4 feet

1,270 meters

500

meters

1:63,360

5,

280

feet 2,078 feet

1,609.3 meters 633.6 meters

1:

100,000

8,333.3 feet 3,280.8 feet

2,

540

meters 1,000 meters

1:250,000

20,833 feet

8,202 feet

6,350 meters 2,500 meters

1:500 ,000

41,667 feet 16 .404 feet

12,700 meters 5,

000

meters


10/26

143

Grain size Scales

By Roy

L.

Ingram, University of North Carolina. Modified Wentworth scale.

V28, p.936-938. copyrighted by The American Geophysical Union.

U.S.

Standard

mm inches mm GRADE NAME Sieve Series

4096 161.3

-12

very

large

2048 80.6

-11

large

1024 40.3

-10

Boulders

medium

512 20.2

-9

small

256

10.1

-8

large

128 5.0

-7

Cobbles

small GRAVEL

64 2.52

-6

63mm

very

coarse

32 1.26

-5

31.5mm

coarse

16 0.63

-4

16mm

medium Pebbles

8 0.32 -3

8mm

fine

4 0.16

-2

No.5

very

fine

2-

0.08

1 No.10-

very coarse

0.04 0 No.18

coarse

1/2

1

0.500

No.

35

medium Sand SAND

1/4

2

0.250

No.

60

fine

1/8

3

0.125 No.

120

very fine

-1/6-

- 4-

0.062-

No. 230-

coarse

1/32

5

0.031

medium

1/64

6

0.016 Silt

fine

1/128

7

0.008

very fine

1/256

8

0.004 MUD

coarse

1/512

9

0.002

medium

1/1024

10

0.001 -

C lay

size

fine

1/2048

11

0.0005

very fine

1/4096-

- 12- 0.00025-


11/26

44

Graph for Determining the Size of Sedimentary Particles

G. V Chilingar AAPG Bulletin

DARK PARTICLES

d 1 mm d 15mm

Place sand grains or rock particles in the central part of the circle. Compare the of the

particles with those on the graph IMth the aid of a magnifying glass. Record the

corresponding number

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8 in notebook. For samples with particles of

varying sizes

record

the most common size

first.


12/26

44

Graph for

etermining

the

Size of

Sedimentary

Particles

G. V Chilingar- AAPG Bulletin

D RK P RTICLES

d 1 mm d 15mm

Place

sand

grains or rock particles

in

the central part of the circle. Compare the size of the

particles with those on the graph with the aid

of

a magnifying glass. Record the

corresponding number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

8 in

notebook. For samples with particles of

varying sizes record the most common size first.


13/26

146

Comparision Chart for Estimating Percentage Composition

Reprinted from Journal

o

Sedimentary Petography V

25 N. 2 p.

229 234. Sept. 1955

1 3

7


14/26

47

omparision hart

for

Estimating Percentage omposition


15/26

148

Soil lassification

GW

Well-graded gravels, gravel sand

Clean gravels mixtures, little or no fines.

c

'

Gravel

(Little or no fines)

Poorly-graded gravels, gravel sand

£

GP

(;;

More than half of coarse

mixtures, little or no fines.

12

fraction is larger than: 2 ~

Gravels with fines

GM

Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt

·a

w

mixtures.

~ ~

No. 4 sieve size

(Appreciable

c 2

f)

amount of fines)

G

Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay

~

mixtures

I 0 .

sw

Wall-graded sands, gravelly sands,

o c

Clean sands

little

or

no fines.

c

Sands

'

(Little or no fines)

Poorly- graded sands, gravelly

More than half of coarse

SP

'

fraction is smaller than

sands, little or no fines.

0

:;;;

Sands

IMth

fines

No. 4 sieve size

SM

Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures.

(Appreciable

amount of fines)

sc

Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures.

Inorganic silts and very fine sands,

ML

rock flour, silty

or

clayey fine

sands, or clayey silts with slight

c

plasticity.

'

Silts

and

Clays

£

Inorganic clays

of

low to medium

Liquid limit

CL

plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy

ro

less than 50

clays, silty clays, lean clays.

E


16/26

149

Soil Classification

Millimeters Inches

Sieve Sizes

Boulders

>300 >11.8

Cobbles 75 300 2.9

11.8

Coarse Gravel 75 19

2.9 .75

Fine Gravel 19 4.8 .75

.19

3/4 - No.4

Coarse Sand 4.8 2.0 .19

.08

No.4 No.10

Medium Sand

2.0

.43

.08 .02

No.10 No.

40

Fine Sand .43

.08

.02 .003

No. 40 No.

200

Fine Silt lay

4000 >8000

thumbnail.

Sand

SPTN

Relative

Soil

Type

Blows/Ft.

Density%

Field

Test

Very Loose Sand

4

0 15

Easily Penetrated

IMth

1/2

rod

pushed

by

hand.

Loose Sand

4 10

15 35

Easily Penetrated

IMth 1/2

rod Pushed by hand.

Med. Dense Sand

10 30 35 65

Penetrated a foot

with

1/2

rod

driven with a 5 lb

hammer.

Dense Sand

30 50 65 85

Penetrated a foot

with

1/2

rod driven IMth a 5 lb hammer.

Very Dense Sand

50

85 100

Penetrated inches

IMth

1/2

rod driven IMth a 5 lb hammer.


17/26

150

I

I

' lr

I

uJ

3.LVI10:1 3.LVIlO:INON


18/26

"

Hid n eall

c:J

1iMM.L sGAU

P8

_;

l i i ill,

p

Tr

•h•

X

"

1,

e

tM JI

p t

. : •

·· ·

,

......

...

.

.

. .

M

- ...

~

•

151


19/26

52

Geologic Map Symbols

FOLIATION ND CLEAVAGE•

50

Strike and dip of foliation

Strike and

dip

of cleavage Strike of vertical foliation

Strike

of

vertical cleavage Horizontal foliation

f

Alternative sym ols lor other planar elements

JOINTS

60

Strike and dip of joint

BEDDING

90

Strike

of

vertical

joint

40

I

75

Strikes and

dips of

multiple systems

Horizontal cleavage

Horizontal joint

Strike and

dip of

beds

Horizontal beds Approximate

strike

and dip

25

Strike of vertical beds Strike and dip of beds

where

top of beds can be

distinguished; used

only

in

areas of complex overturned folding

4A

eneralized

strike

and

dip

of

crumpled plicated crenulated

or

undulating beds

25

50

Strike and dip of beds and

plunge of slickensides

{

o

Strike and

dip of

overturned beds

Apparent

dip

•The map explanation should always

specify

the kind

of

cleavage mapped


20/26

Geolographic Map Symbols

CONTACTS

Contact

•

Concealed contact

LINEATIONS

40

Bearing and plunge of

lineations

~ _ _ _ _ _

Approximate contact

5

Contact

showing

ip

•

ertical lineation

. 25

10

Inferred contact

90

Vertical contact

Horizontal lineation

~

60

Double lineation

Strike and ip of beds and

plunge

of lineation

Strike and ip of foliation

and

plunge of

lineation

20

Strike and

ip

of beds

showing horizontal lineation

3

Vertical foliation showing

plunge

of

lineation

25

15

Strike and ip of beds

showing

rake

of

lineation

FOLDS

nticline showing

crestline

and

plunge

Syndine showing

aesdine

and

plunge

60

Strike and

ip of

foliation showing

horizontal lineation

90

40

90

Vertical beds

showing

plunge of lineation

Vertical beds

showing

Vertical foliation

showing

horizontal lineation horizontal lineation

25

60 40

Strike and

ip of

foliation Generalized strike of folded

showing rake

o

lineation

beds or

foliation showing

plunge of fold exes

Overturned anticline showing

trace of

axial sulace

dip

of limbs and plunge

Overturned

syncline

show-

ing trace

of

axial surface

and dip of limbs

40

Minor anticline

showing

plunge

__ .......t : ; ; _ i..15

Minor syncline showing

plunge

153


21/26

154

iklan:uUIIIII l lf

...

~

-c::-... ....40

liif

~

ap mbol

.

··

c .. .

- ... - 1 ..

1

.


22/26

Geologic Map Symbols

OIL

AND

GAS WELLS

•

Oil well Well location Abandoned oil well

...

-¢-

Oil well,

with

show

of

gas Dry hole Abandoned oil well,

with

show of

gas

*

il and gas well Dry hole,

with show of

oil Abandoned oil and gas well

*

as well,

with show of

oil Dry hole,

with show of

oil Abandoned gas well,

with

and gas

show of

oil

as well Dry hole,

with

show

of

gas Abandoned gas well

Shut in well

CROSS SECTIONS

High angle faults

\

1

ormal fault vertical fault reverse fault

Low

angle fauns

overthrust underthrust

Faun, showing relative

lateral movement

A away from observer

T

toward observer

r

lippe

Fenster or windOW

55


23/26

56

a)

Depositional texture recognizable

Lacks mud Original

and is components

Contains

mud

grain supported bound together

Mud-supporterd _ r ' i ~ : s y p p g ~ ~ g ______ _

10 grains

Predominantly

Dominantly

Dominantly

Thoroughly recrystallized rocks

calcite

wnh

some relict stuctures

calcne

(95 >Cc>50 )

dolomne

Dominantly Dominantly

(Cc>95 )

wnh

dolomite

(Do>50 )

dolomite calcite

Lime

Dolomnic

Mudstone

lime

Dolomudstone

mudstone

Dolomnic

Wackestone

wackestone

Dolowackestone

Crystalline

Crystalline

Dolomnic

dolostone

limestone

Packstone

packstone

Dolopackstone

Grainstone

Dolomnic

grainstone

Dolograinstone

Dolomnic

Boundstone

boundstone

Dolobounstone

Increasing gravel content

Gravel (>2mm)

in

whole

rock.

as determined

in

outcrop

Trace (


24/26

1 -

L()

CENOZOIC MESOZOIC PRECAMBRIAN

AGE

~ 1 1

PERIOD EPOCH AOE

PICKS

(Ma)

(Ma)

mo

i

TI PERIOD EPOCH AOE ~ · =

AGE

"""

ON

ERA

PERIOD

AGES

(Ma)

(Ma)

'

CAL


25/26

CM

2

3

4

5

6

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for

utdoor

writing people

~ . . : . . L M £ 7 . ~

A L L - W E A T H E R W A I T I ~

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UNIVERS

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~ E L

t

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~

P o ~ % t :

= = 7 Copier & Ink-Jet Paper

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