RI World Congress: Implementing the Sendai Framework for

Disaster Risk Reduction

Disability inclusion as a continuum

Structure

Background: climate change, disasters, DRR and differential impact

Barriers and facilitators

Guidelines and frameworks

Action towards implementation of Sendai framework

Climate change and disasters

Role of climate change linked with extreme events (EPA, 2016)

Extreme events are more likely to cause disasters

Hence, likelihood of climate change causing disasters is enhanced

Disasters

2015:

UNISDR, 2016

Disasters

UNISDR, 2016

Disaster Risk Reduction

ALD 2011

Disasters and exposure to risk:

UNISDR, 2016

Disasters and exposure to risk:

Classical geophysical view failing to explain the differential impacts of disasters (CSID 2002)

Pressure and Release Model:

Disaster risk = hazard X vulnerabilities (Blaikie et al 1994, Wisner et al 2004)

Vulnerability:

“The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard” (UNISDR 2007)

Focus on capacities and resilience (Twigg 2009)

Debate topic:

Vulnerability VS « at-risk » groups VS « differentially impacted » (UN sessions, Roth 2014)

Evolution of the concept: at-risk situations

Persons with Disabilities included within at-risk groups (WHO 2001, UN 2006, HI 2009)

Disability:

“disability is an evolving concept and (…) disability results from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.” (UN 2006)

Differential impactReports of differential impact of disasters on PWDs and

other at-risk groups(Osaki and Minowa 2001; Chou et al 2004; IDRM 2005; Rooney and White 2007; Kett and Twigg 2007, Alexander 2011, Katsunori Fujii 2014)

Asia-Pacific Tsunami of 2004: estimation of double mortality rate for PWDs (Chou et al 2004)

Hurricane Katrina: older persons constituting 15% of the population and 74 % of the victims (Weston and Tokesky 2006)

Double to quadruple the mortality rate of general population for persons with disability (Fujii 2014)

Differentially impacted groups Risk factors (Twigg 2004, Wisner 2004)

Discrimination and power relationshipsAge GenderPoverty Disability:

Physical impairmentSensory impairmentIntellectual and mental impairment

Barriers… and facilitators Physical and communicational

Structural (institutional)

Attitudinal (social and cultural)

Quote: “You are (…) vulnerable to certain type of risk at a given situation and time”. (T11)

The missing link…Field reports but limited research on :

Differential impactsDiDRRR “good/ best practices”Effectiveness/ efficiencyMonitoring and evaluation (Indicators)Policies and programmingGood and best practices

Labourlist.org

Monitoring and evaluation

Indicators for tracking progress

Core and supplementary indicators

Actual challenges: short timeline, limited reporting to date, varied sets of indicators and limited resources to support or monitor reporting

“Count to be counted”

Informed research to inform policy… to shape programming

The road towards

DiDRRimplementation

http://relationshipsmatternow.blogspot.ca/

DRR GUIDELINES Historically:

Most mainstream guidelines not inclusive of PWD (UNISDR 2009)

Few inclusive guidelines from disability-focussed NGOs (HI 2005/ 2009, SMRC 2005/2009, HI 2012 )

Now: rapidly changing situation (at NGO level…)

Guidelines

Sphere Guidelines (2011)

Technical manuals (HI; 2012, 2015)

Disability inclusive Disaster Risk Management (CBM, 2014)

No guidelines for reporting… next two years will exposing gaps and challenges at all levels

Policy level Convention on the Rights of Persons with

Disabilities

Incheon Strategy (Goal 7)

Sendai Framework for Action (2015)

Sustainable Development Goals (2015)

Paris agreement (UNFCCC, 2015)

Globally…

DISABILITY INCLUSION… Slowly becoming the standard, at least on paper.

www.zmag.org

What’s next? Implementation of the Sendai Framework and SDG’s

Program evaluation and monitoring

Applied research and policy development

World Humanitarian Summit VS follow-up actions

Sustainable and inclusive urban environments

Financing

Contact informationMathieu Simard

Rehabilitation International's Task Force on Disability, Armed Conflict, and Natural Disasters

Deputy Vice-President, Rehabilitation International North America

Vice-chair International Commission on Accessibility, Technology and Accessibility

Faculty Lecturer

Department of Health Sciences

Université du Québec à Chicoutimi

Email 1: simardmat@hotmail.com

Email 2: mathieu1.simard@uqac.ca

Phone: (418) 376-8453

Skype: mathieu.simard_pro

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