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A PROJECT REPORT ON

ILL EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE

ON HUMAN BODY

SUBMITTED BY

Anuj Nirban 01Minu Anthony 02Antony Paulson 03Steffi Arem 04Sachin Bangera 05Akshay Bhagat 06

FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTERS IN MANAGEMENT STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MRS. SUCHITRA

PILLAIS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCHNEW

PANVEL

ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-12


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DECLARATION

We, students studying in the First Year of Masters inManagement Studies course in the academic year 2011-12

at Pillais Institute Of Management Studies and Research,

hereby declare that we have completed the project titled, IllEffects of Mobile Phones on Human Body as a part of thecourse requirements of Masters in Management Studies of

University of Mumbai.We further declare that the information presented in

this project is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

Date:

Place: New Mumbai


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CERTIFICATE

IMrs. Suchitra hereby certify thatthese students studyingin the First Year of Masters in Management Studies course

at the Pillais Institute Of Management Studies &

Research, New Panvel have completed a project on IllEffects Of Mobile Phones On Human Body, under myguidance in the academic year 2011-12.

I further declare that the information presented in this

project is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

Date:

Place: New Panvel Mrs. Suchitra

College Seal PRINCIPAL


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ACKNOWLEDEGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude and sincere thanks

to our Project Guide Mrs. Suchitra, Pillais Institute Of

Management Studies & Research for instilling confidence in us tocarry out this study and extending valuable guidance and

encouragement from time to time, without which it would not

have been possible to undertake and complete this project.

We also wish to extend our appreciation, specially to our

Director Dr.Vijay Raghvan, for his kind co-ordination and

support. Last but not the least our colleagues for their valuable

comments and suggestions for making this a cherishable

experience for us.

Group 1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR.

NO.

TITLE PAGE

NO.

1 Introduction

1.1 Objectives of the study

1.2 Limitations

1.3 Literature review

1.4 Summary

2 Industry profile

3 Research methodology

3.1 Research design

3.2 Data Collection

3.3 Sample

3.3.i Sample Unit

3.3.ii Sample Size

3.3.iii Sample Procedure

3.3.iv Sample Profile

4 Data analysis

5 Suggestion/ Findings


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INTRODUCTION

Most media reports would have you believe that research studies on the negative health

effects of cell phones use are few and far between. This article will provide several

studies on the different health effects to illustrate that the information is out there, and

has been out there for years. In fact, many reports on the health risks of cell phones

have been published over the last few decades.

Researchers have found some of the researched health consequences of the microwave

radiation we are exposed to though cell phone use: Electromagnetic waves alter

[electric activity of the brain] and cause disturbance in sleep ; cause difficulty in

concentration, fatigue, and headache ; and increase reaction time in a time-dependent

manner .They increase the resting blood pressure and reduce the production of

melatonin .They are also implicated in DNA strand breaks. In addition, the use of cell

phones has also been related to Alzheimers Disease and Cancer.

A study by Swedish researchers suggests the link between cell phone use and

Alzheimers Disease: [Cell] phones damage key brain cells and could trigger the early

onset of Alzheimers disease. Researchers have found that radiation from cell phone

handsets damages areas of the brain associated with learning, memory and movement.

Researchers have found that people who used cell phones are two and a half times more

likely to have a temporal brain tumor on the side of the head where they held their

phone. In the case of tumors of the auditory nerve, which connects the ear to the brain,

the risk increased to more than three times for cell phone users.


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The relationship between cell phone use and diseases like Alzheimers and cancer are

controversial, but discussed more as different research continues to conclude that the

link between cell phone use and Alzheimers/cancer exists. On most news broadcasts

we are told to not worry since more research is needed because the results are not

conclusive. In my opinion, more research is always needed, and scientific results are

never conclusive to everybody due to the very nature of science.


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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Every coin has two sides similarly invention of mobile phones too has gained lot

of importance in todays 21st

century. But at the same time it has been affecting the

health of many users. Today mobile has become our best companion. It has made our

life much simpler and easier to access anything and anywhere.

The main objectives of this project is to study the ill effects of mobile phones on human

body.

Health risks from the use of mobile phones

To explore the controversial aspects of a new social phenomenon

Cellphones: Modern mans nemesis

Effecting male infertility

Effects on children

Over dependent on mobile phones.

To check the awareness about the ill effects among the mobile users


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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The sample size of the survey was very large and tedious to be survey

The time taken to survey each mobile user was more since they had to be first

explained everything and had to be dealt with patience.

The mobile phone users opinion at times was very biased due to lack of interest

in filling the questionnaire.

The time frame given to us was not enough to cover a larger of sample size.


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LITERATURE REVIEW

Bettener M et al,(2000) has conducted a research on increasing public interest in health

risks of mobile phone use. Although there is a vast body of material on the biological

effects of the radiofrequency fields, current risk assessment is still limited.

Experimental investigation suggest that radiofrequency field are not tumor initiators

and that they are related to carcinogenicity, this would be by tumor initiators and that if

they are related to carcinogenicity, this would be by tumor promotion or by increasing

the uptake of carcinogens in cells. Few epidemiological studies are available on the use

of mobile phones on the radiofrequency exposure and the development of cancer. Most

of these studies have no or little quantitative exposure data and they are limited by the

same number of observation.

Repacholi MH (2001) had studied the rapid growth of mobile telecommunication that

there were about one billion mobile phone users before 2005, thus if there is any impact

on health from mobile telephones, it will affect everyone in the world. The world health

organization (WHO) established the international EMF project in 1996 to evaluate the

signs recommend research to fill any gaps in knowledge and to conduct formal health

risk assessments of RF exposure once recommended research had been completed.

Cancer has been suggested as an outcome of exposure to mobile telephones by some

scientific reports

Roorli M et al (2003), has conducted a recent literature on the health effects of

exposure to mobile phone base stationed (MPBS) radiation. They performed a

systematic review of randomized human trials conducted in laboratory settings and of

epidemiological studies that investigated the health effects of MPBS radiation in every

day environment. They included in the analyses 17 articles that they met their basic

quality criteria, 5 randomized human laboratories trails and 12 epidemiological studies.

The evidence for a missing relationship between MPBS exposure up to 10m volts per


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meter and acute symptom development can be considered strong because it was based

on randomized, blinded human laboratory trials.

Khalil S et al (2006), have conducted research on the mobile phone which have a

detrimental impact on auditory function. The widespread use of mobile telephone has

given rice to concern about the penitential influence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs)

on human health. The effects of EMFs on human beings are as under investigation.

Anatomically, the ear is in close proximity to the mobile phone telephone during use.

The effects of mobile phone on auditory functions have already been studied. The aim

of this review is to determine if there is evidence that mobile phone have a detrimental

effect on the auditory function.

Wood AW (2006) has conducted a research on how dangerous are mobile phones,

transmission and electricity pylons. Electrical power and mobile communication deliver

enormous benefits to the society, but there are concerns whether the electricity and the

magnetic field (EMF) emissions associated with the delivery of the benefits are linked

to cancer and other health hazards this article reviews the strength of the available

epidemiological and laboratory evidence and notes that this falls short what s normally

required to establish a causal link. However because of scientific uncertainty a caution

approach is often advocated, but there may be a tendency to judge. These risks more

harshly than those in other areas with similar strength of evidence.

Derias EM et al (2006), has studied the growing concern about the possible hazards of

electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones on human health. One of the biggest

concern is there possible association with increased risk of cancer and there possible

effect on cellular DNA. Electromagnetic waves can inflict their results through thermal

and non- thermal effects. There are many animal studies that show that.


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Electromagnetic waves have a wide range of damaging effects on the male reproductive

system and sperm parameters. However similar studies are quite limited in humans, and

the studies should be interpreted with caution when considering their application to

humans.

Makker K et al (2009), the use of mobile phone has increased significantly, however

with every technological development comes some elements of health concern, and cell

phone are no exception. This is a comprehensive, up to the minute overview of the

effects of cell phone exposure on human health. The type of cell phone and cell phone

technologies currently used in the world are still in an attempt to improve the

understanding of the technical aspects, including the effects of cell phone exposure on

the cardiovascular. System, sleep, and cognitive function, as well as localized and

general adverse effects, genotoxicity potential, neurohormonal secretion and tumor

indication. A novel study is described, which is looking at changes in semen parameter,

oxidative stress makers and sperm DNA damage in the samples exposed in vitro to cell

phone radiation.

Kapdi M et al (2008), the mobile phone industry has been one of the fastest growing

industry in the modern history, today India has one million mobile phone users and

mobile phone account for 88% of all telecommunication users. The rural sector

accounts for more than 25% of wireless phone users and this proportion is bound to

grow as affordability of mobile phone continues to increase. In 2008 the telecom

commission adopted the emission guidelines prescribed by the international

commission on non protection. Studies have demonstrated that usage behaviors, such as

duration of usage and predominant, one side use of mobile phones are some of the chief

risk that the increased likelihood of hazards resulting from mobile use. This article

attempts present the basic biophysics of this device and explain the hazard of

electromagnetic radiation exposure in terms of thermal and non thermal effects. They

also present some preventive measures that can reduce the risk of these hazards.John


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Jinks (2009) has conducted a research on the excessive cell phone usage among the

teenagers who are the majority of the worlds cell phone users. While 75% of north

American teen own a cell phone, about 96% of 16-17 years old students in Japan also

own their own cell phone.most teen are willing to fork out extra money to ensure that

their phone has full keypad functionality for text messaging, a built in camera, gaming

option, media play back and internet access. Parents have seen their children become

paranoid whenever they would miss a call or text message. Many teenagers counter

additional problems at their school, at their work or at home because of their cell phone

usage. Not everyone is ready to refer to this problem as a diseases, just yet. However

the number of clinics who are willing to treating this problem as they would to

alcoholism or drug addiction has increased.

S Murray (2010) has conducted a research on the dependency of human o the mobile

phone. Initially the mobile phone were bulky and expensive items that were available to

the rich and more often business. As the technology has advanced and handsets and

calling plans have become cheaper and more accessible to mass market, then the

problem of dependency has grown and now ranges from teenagers through to adults.

Tow good examples of mobile phone dependency can help to explain the problem

further. The first issue is addiction to texting, something that is more common in the

young users, also extends to adult users. Secondly is the curse of email where email

enabled phones such as those from markers blackberry, can dominate a users life. It has

been observed that it adds to another way to become more dependent on their mobile is

a real risk for the health of human bodies.


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SUMMARY

During recent years, the use of mobile phones has increased substantially and has been

paralleled by a growing concern about the effects on health attributed to exposure to

the electromagnetic fields produced by them and their base stations. Demonstrating that

radiation causes adverse effects on health would signal a widespread public health

problem.

Today, mobile phones have become popular to everybody since they are convenient.

The most advantage of having a mobile phone is you can communicate to your family,

your friends, and your business no matter what where you are.

In summary, mobiles are a great invention but they still have many issues. You have to

protect yourself from the bad effects of mobiles if you choose to have one.


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INDUSTRY PROFILE

The cell phone industry is one of the fastest growths besides the Internet. Cell phones

have gone through a huge change and its market has expanded globally. Since 1994,

the cell phone industry has increased from 24 million to about 182 million in wireless

phone and related devices operating in the United States with some 162-million mobile-

phone users in the United States alone.

The cell phone market is increasing very fast with todays ever-emerging technology

and innovation in improving cell phones. Today, society is living with advance

technology and everyone wants to keep pace with the new technologies. Cell phone

industry is growing larger because it has become a necessity. Parents are getting

mobile phones for their teens because they want to communicate in case of an

emergency and the wireless carriers have made it easy to add users to their existing

plans. And carriers are becoming successful in getting parents to expand their plans to

include their teens. This increases buyers and increases market size worldwide.


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research design used:

Exploratory Research:

The research work was Exploratory in nature and was meant to provide the basic

information required by research objectives. A preliminary study and findings can be

further consolidated after detailed conclusion study has been carried out.

ResearchDesign

Exploratory

Research

Descriptive Causal

Conclusive

Research

Define a

hypothesis


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Data Collection Sources:

Research Approach: Survey

A survey is a research technique used to gather information from a sample of

respondents by employing a questionnaire. Normally surveys are carried out to obtain

primary data.

Data Collection Instrument: Questionnaire

A questionnaire is a set of structured questions to be asked from respondents in a

particular order with appropriate instructions. A questionnaire serves four functions

enables data collection from respondents, lends a structure to interviews, provides

standard means for writing down answers and help in processing the data collected.

data

collection

primary

data

survey observation

secondary

data

internetnews

papers

research

magzines


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Type of questionnaire used: Structured Non-disguised

Structured-The questions used were not open- ended and respondents had to

answer from the given options given.

Non-disguised-The questions asked did not mean to offence any person. The

questions openly discusses the ill effects of mobile phones in the questionnaire.

Sampling Unit:

Geographical

Region

Harbour Line Central line Western line

Areas New Panvel and

Cotton Green

Thane Vasai

Sample Size:- 100 mobile users


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Sampling Procedure:

The sampling procedure used in the survey we conducted was Simple random

sampling as the sample for conducting the survey was picked up at random.

Probabilistic

Sampling

Simple Random

Systematic Random

Stratified Sampling

Cluster Sampling

Non probabilistic

Sampling

Convenience

Judgemental

Snowball

Quota


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Sample Profile : Questionnaire

Name: Date

City:

Telephone No :

Sex Male Female

Age. 18-22 23-27 28-35 More than 35

Q.1) Do you have a mobile phone?

a) Yes b) No

Q.2) How long do you use your mobile phone?

a) 1hr-2hr b) 3 hr -5 hr c) 6 hr- 8hr d) more than 8hr

Q.3) Do you consider using mobile phone while driving is risky?

a) No b) Probably C) Yes D ) Dont Know

Q.4) Are you loosing command over your language? Due to S.M.S. language?

a) Yes b) No c) May Be

Q.5) Are you facing any health problems since you bought your phone?

a) Headache

b) Sleep deprivation

c) Vague memory

d) Chest pain

e) Otherf) None


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Q.6) Do you easily get distracted when your mobile phone rings?

a) Yes b) No c) Sometime d) Never

Q.7) Are you over dependent on your phone

a) Yes b) No

Q.8) Do you think the usage of phone is affecting your social life?

a) Yes b) No

Q.9) Have you experienced any effect on your auditory function?

a) Yes b) No

Q.10) Do you panic or get hyper tensed when your mobile is missing?

a) Yes b) No

Q.11) Do you feel psychological comfortable to communicate over the phone to a

person rather face to face?

a) Phone b) Face to face

Q.12) Have you become aggressive since you are started using your mobile?

a) Yes b) No

Q.13) Are you aware of male infertility? Because of excess usage of mobile phone ?

a) Yes b ) No

Q.14) Do you feel usage of mobile phone has effected the grasping power of human

mind?

a) Yes b) No


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Q.15) You use your mobile phone frequently for:-

a) Calling b) Texting c) Internet browsing

d) Playing games e) Listening to music

Q.16) Do you get nervous when your mobile doesnt ring when it is expected?

a) Yes b) No

Q.17) There is any prestige issue which has lead to psychological effects.

a) Yes b) No

Q.18) Do you think you can improve your health by reducing the usage of mobile

phone?

a) Yes b) No

Q.19) While sleeping do you keep your mobile phone near or below the pillow

a) Yes b) No

Q.20) Are you aware of the fact that you shouldnt put your mobile close to your ears

until the reception answers?

a) Yes b) No


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DATA ANALYSIS:

Ho: Mobile phone has no effect on the human body.

H1: Mobile phone has an effect on the human body.

Q1.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

Yes 98 98.0 98.0 98.0

no 2 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Every person uses a mobile phone.


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Q2.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent CumulativePercent

Valid

1hr-2hr 31 31.0 31.0 31.0

3hr-5hr 30 30.0 30.0 61.0

6hr-8hr 20 20.0 20.0 81.0

more thane8 hr 19 19.0 19.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Among 100 people surveyed , most of them use mobilefor phones for 1hr to 2hrs followed by 3 to 5hrs.


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Q3.


Valid

NO 8 8.0 8.0 8.0

probably 10 10.0 10.0 18.0

Yes 81 81.0 81.0 99.0

Don"t know 1 1.0 1.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Majority of the users feel using mobile phone is risky

while driving.


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Q4.


Percent

Valid

Yes 19 19.0 19.0 19.0

NO 56 56.0 56.0 75.0

May Be 25 25.0 25.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most of them do not agree of losing the command due to

S.M.S language.


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Q5.


Percent

Valid

Headache 29 29.0 29.0 29.0

sleep deprivation 19 19.0 19.0 48.0

Vague memory 10 10.0 10.0 58.0

Chest pain 1 1.0 1.0 59.0

other 22 22.0 22.0 81.0

None 19 19.0 19.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Majority of people have headache followed by other(eye

irritation n etc) due to excess usage of mobile phone.


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Q6.


Percent

Valid

Yes 29 29.0 29.0 29.0

No 25 25.0 25.0 54.0

Sometimes 41 41.0 41.0 95.0

Never 5 5.0 5.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most of the get distracted sometimes when mobile phone

rings.


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Q7.


Percent

Valid

Yes 43 43.0 43.0 43.0

No 57 57.0 57.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most of them do not agree when asked whether they are

over dependent on their phone.


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Q8.


Percent

Valid

Yes 26 26.0 26.0 26.0

No 74 74.0 74.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Of 100 samples 74% do not feel that, their life is being

affected by excess usage of mobile phone.


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Q9.


Percent

Valid

Yes 11 11.0 11.0 11.0

No 89 89.0 89.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: It is found that very few peoples auditory function has

been effected by using mobile phones.


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Q10.


Percent

Valid

Yes 57 57.0 57.0 57.0

No 43 43.0 43.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most of them agree of being panic or hyper tensed when

their mobile phone goes missing.


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Q11.


Percent

Valid

Yes 30 30.0 30.0 30.0

No 70 70.0 70.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most of them feel psychologically comfortable to

communicate face to face rather on phone.


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Q12.


Percent

Valid

Yes 21 21.0 21.0 21.0

No 79 79.0 79.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Majority do not agree of being aggressive while using

mobile phone.


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Q13.


Percent

Valid

Yes 39 39.0 39.0 39.0

No 61 61.0 61.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Infertility: Majority of people are not aware of male infertility due to

excess usage of mobile phone.


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Q14.


Percent

Valid

Yes 51 51.0 51.0 51.0

No 49 49.0 49.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 51% of the people agree that the grasping power of human

mind decreases due to being addicted to mobile phone.


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Q15.


Percent

Valid

Calling 49 49.0 49.0 49.0

Texting 31 31.0 31.0 80.0

Internet browsing 7 7.0 7.0 87.0

playing games 5 5.0 5.0 92.0

listening to music 8 8.0 8.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most of them use mobile phone for calling and texting.


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Q16.

pho


Valid

Yes 46 46.0 46.0 46.0

No 54 54.0 54.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Majority people have answered that they do not get

nervous when their mobile phone doesnt ring .


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Q17.


Percent

Valid

Yes 33 33.0 33.0 33.0

No 67 67.0 67.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Many of them do not agree of having any prestige issue

related to the model which others or they are using.


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Q18.


Percent

Valid

Yes 49 49.0 49.0 49.0

No 51 51.0 51.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 51% of people do not think that they can improve their

health by reducing the usage of mobile phone.


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Q19.


Percent

Valid

Yes 63 63.0 63.0 63.0

No 37 37.0 37.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 63% of the population keep their mobile phone near or

under their pillow while sleeping.


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Q20.


Percent

Valid

Yes 58 58.0 58.0 58.0

No 42 42.0 42.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Majority of people are aware of the fact, that oneshouldnt keep the mobile phone close to their unless the receipent receives

the call.


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FINDINGS

Mobile phones have been in extensive use for a relatively short period of time, and their

technology has progressively changed, from analogue to digital systems. Mobile

phones and base stations emit radio frequency or microwave radiation. Exposure to

such a radiation could affect health directly. The use of mobile phones also results in

indirect effects, such as car accidents and interference with health equipment.

Experimental research on the effects of radio-frequency radiation is very broad and

heterogeneous. It includes both studies of cell cultures and tissues (in vitro) and of

laboratory animals (in vivo), as well as of people (volunteers). On one hand, these

studies focus on functional changes in the brain and the resulting effects on cognition,

and (to some extent) well-beingthat is, the influence of exposure to radiation on the

head. On the other hand, these studies focus on the possibility of a relationship between

mobile phone use and carcinogenic processes, reproduction and development, the

cardiovascular system and longevitythat is, exposure of the whole body. These

studies found very small and reversible biological and physiological effects that do not

necessary lead to diseases or injuries. Also, the research findings on the changes at the

molecular level associated with the development of cancer are inconsistent and

contradictory.

Epidemiological studies in general populations, such as communities, concentrate on apossible causal relationship between mobile phone use and the occurrence of brain

tumours, acoustic neuromas, tumours of the salivary glands, and leukaemia and

lymphomas. Although weak and inconclusive, most of the evidence available does not

suggest that there are adverse effects on health attributable to longterm exposure to

radio-frequency and microwave radiation from mobile phones. However, recent studies

have reported an increased risk of acoustic neuroma and some brain tumours in people

who use an analogue mobile phone for more than 10 years. Also, no data is available on

the reproduction of these effects when digital mobile phones are used. Finally, there is


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good evidence that the use of mobile phones while driving translates into a

substantially increased risk of an accidental collision.

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