RN 18

• Sarnath = 18.6 Sculpture• Bakshali = 18.8 Mathematics• Meharauli = 18.7 Metalwork• Nalanda = 18.3 Universities• Ajanta = 18.5 Painting• Pataliputra = 18.9 Roads• Ujjain = 18.4 Literature

Sarnath: Sculpture

•Statues

bronze, wood, stone, & terracotta

Buddha, Hindu deities, famous people

Stood on their own or on walls of caves & temples

Bakshali: Mathematics

•Hindu-Arabic numerals 1-9

•Zero

•Decimal system

•Aryabhata – astronomer

Days in a year, size of Earth

Planets were spheres

Earth spins on its axis

Nalanda: Universities

•Hindu or Buddhist

•Only males & teachers’ daughters

religion, mathematics, astronomy

chemistry, Sanskrit, sculpture,

painting, music, dancing, logic

grammar, medicine

Meharauli: Metalwork

•Engraved gold, copper coins

•Iron pillar at Meharauli

25 ft. tall

13,000 lbs

Ajanta: Painting

•Important part of the lives of nobles

•Deities, religious stories, royal families, luxury

•Most famous – Ajanta caves

Pataliputra: Roads

•Hard-packed dirt

•A few feet off the ground for drainage

•Signs of distance

•Helped internal trade

•Connected India to China & to the Mediterranean

Ujjain: Literature

•Poetry, fables, folktales, & plays

•The Puranas (“Ancient Lore”)– Hindu legends

•The Mahabharata (“Great Work”)– poem of Hindu values and battle b/t good and evil

•Bhagavad Gita (“Song of the Lord”) – poem describing basic truths of Hinduism

Sarnath: Sculpture

Flat, farmland, heavy rain, hot, near Ganges

•Statues

bronze, wood, stone, & terracotta

Buddha, Hindu deities, famous people

Stood on their own or on walls of caves & temples

Bakshali: Mathematics

Hot, dry, rocky, surrounded by mountains

•Hindu-Arabic numerals 1-9

•Zero

•Decimal system

•Aryabhata – astronomer

Days in a year, size of Earth

Planets were spheres

Earth spins on its axis

Meharauli: Metalwork

Flat, dry, hot & humid in summer, cold in winter

•Engraved gold, copper coins

•Iron pillar at Meharauli

25 ft. tall

13,000 lbs

Nalanda: Universities

Fertile Ganges plain, hot, humid, heavy rain in wet season

•Hindu or Buddhist

•Only males & teachers’ daughters

religion, mathematics, astronomy

chemistry, Sanskrit, sculpture,

painting, music, dancing, logic

grammar, medicine

Ajanta: Painting

Dry, flat land surrounded by mtns, hot humid summer

•Important part of the lives of nobles

•Deities, religious stories, royal families, luxury

•Most famous – Ajanta caves

Pataliputra: Roads

Flat plains, green crops, hot & humid

•Hard-packed dirt

•A few feet off the ground for drainage

•Signs of distance

•Helped internal trade

•Connected India to China & to the Mediterranean

Ujjain: Literature

Hilly, rocky land, mtns to the south, humid & warm, dry until summer monsoons

•Poetry, fables, folktales, & plays

•The Puranas (“Ancient Lore”)– Hindu legends

•The Mahabharata (“Great Work”)– poem of Hindu values and battle b/t good and evil

•Bhagavad Gita (“Song of the Lord”) – poem describing basic truths of Hinduism