Part 1: DNA, RNA, Proteins (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PORTION)

1. DNA replication is semi-conservative and results in two DNA molecules,a. Each with two new strandsb. One with two new strands and the other with two original strandsc. Each with one new strand and one original strandd. Each with two original strands

2. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the basesa. TCGAACb. GATCCAc. AGCTTGd. GAUCCA

3. During transcription, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces an mRNA transcript with the basesa. TCGAACb. GATCCAc. CUAGGUd. GAUCCA

4. What happens during the process of translation?a. Messenger RNA is made from DNAb. The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.c. Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNAd. Copies of DNA molecules are made

5. Cytosine makes up 40% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately, what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

a. 60%b. 40%c. 20%d. 10%e. Cannot be determined from the information provided.

6. The DNA double helix has a uniform (same) diameter because _____, which have two rings, always pair with _____, which have one ring.

a. Purines; pyrimidinesb. Pyrimidines; purinesc. Deoxyribose sugars; ribose sugarsd. Ribose sugars; deoxyribose sugars

7. What kind of chemical bond is formed between paired bases of the DNA double helix?a. Hydrogenb. Phosphodiesterc. Covalentd. Metallic

8. The strands that make up DNA are antiparallel. This means thata. The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands. b. The 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand runs opposite to the 5’ to 3’ direction of the other strand.c. Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.d. One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.

9. The leading and the lagging strands differ in thata. The leading strand is made towards the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized is made away

from the replication forkb. The leading strand is made by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand

is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5’ end.c. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments

that are ultimately stitched together. d. Both A and C

10. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?a. adenine + phosphate group + thymineb. cytosine + phosphate group + guaninec. deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerased. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

11. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage ofa. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules.b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine moleculesc. adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules.d. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.

12. What is produced during transcription?a. RNA moleculesb. DNA moleculesc. RNA polymerased. proteins

13. Which type of RNA is a copy of a gene from DNA that leaves the nucleus to the cytoplasm?a. rRNAb. tRNAc. mRNAd. RNA polymerase

14. From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?a. tRNAb. rRNAc. DNAd. proteins

15. The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have differenta. sugars.b. uracil.c. bonds.d. bases.

16. In humans, where does DNA replication take place?a. cytoplasmb. ribosomec. nucleusd. vacuole

17. What are the main functions of DNA polymerase? a. breaks hydrogen bonds and exposes bases b. holds DNA strands apart and attracts bases c. zips and unzips the double-stranded DNA d. binds nucleotides and corrects base pair errors

18. During transcription, what does messenger RNA do?a. It delivers DNA's instructions for making proteins.b.

It constructs proteins out of random amino acids.

c. It strings together two complementary DNA strands.d.

It strings together two complementary RNA strands.

19. The central dogma states that information flows froma. RNA to DNA to polysaccharides.

b. DNA to RNA to proteins.c. RNA to DNA to proteins.d. DNA to polysaccharides to RNA.

20. How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? CGAUACa. 1b. 2c. 3d. 6

21. The main function of tRNA is toa. carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins.b.

form a portion of ribosomes, a cell's protein factories.

c. string together complementary RNA and DNA strands.d.

bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.

22. What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?a. baseb.

codon

c. amined.

serine

23. Which phrase best describes translation?a. converts mRNA into a polypeptideb.

catalyzes bonds between amino acids

c. produces RNA from DNA moleculesd.

recycles tRNA molecules for reuse

24. Which of the following is the site of translation?a. vacuoleb.

lysosome

c. nucleusd.

ribosome

25. A codona. Consists of two nucleotidesb. Is found on the mRNA sequencec. Is found in all eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotesd. Is found on the tRNA sequencee. Catalyzes RNA synthesis

26. A particular eukaryotic protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the maximum number of nucleotides in the DNA that codes for the amino acids in this protein?

a. 3b. 100c. 300d. 900e. 1,800

27. Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence.1. A methionine-tRNA binds to the P site2. Elongation continues as a peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site remains vacant4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA5. tRNA shifts to the P site6. tRNA with an amino acid comes into the A site to be attached to methionine-tRNA

a. 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6b. 4, 1, 6, 2, 5, 3c. 5, 4, 6, 3, 2,1,d. 4, 1, 3, 2, 5e. 2, 4, 5, 1, 3, 6

28. RNA contains the pentose sugar calleda. riboseb. deoxyribosec. glucosed. aminosee. glucose

29. A promoter (TATA box) is a a. binding site for DNA polymeraseb. binding site for RNA polymerasec. binding site for helicased. stop signal for transcription

30. What chemical bond is found between the sugar and phosphate backbone of RNA and DNA?a. hydrogenb. ionicc. phosphodiesterd. peptide

31. Once transcribed, eukaryotic mRNA typically undergoes RNA splicing that includes:a. splicing together exonsb. splicing together intronsc. splicing out exonsd. splicing both exons and introns

32. What are thd coding segments of a pre-mature of eukaryotic DNA called?a. intronsb. exonsc. codonsd. genes

33. Ribosomes are made out of __________________________.a. rRNA and proteins b. phospholipids and proteinsc. glycoproteins and mRNAd. tRNA and proteinse. amino acids and nucelosomes

34. Which of the following are products of transcription?a. polypeptide chainsb. mRNAc. amino acids polymers

d. genese. anticodons

35. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand of DNA in the ____ direction.a. 3’ to 5’b. 5’ to 3’36. Proteins are made of long chains of:

a. mRNA b. nucleotides c. ribosomes d. amino acids

37. At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork: 3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5'An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T ( T) of the template. Which of the following represents the primer sequence?a. 5' G C C T A G G 3' c. 5' A C G T T A G G 3' e. 5' G C C U A G G 3'b. 3' G C C T A G G 5' d. 5' A C G U U A G G 3'38. During translation, chain elongation continues until what happens?a. No more amino acids are needed by the cell.b. All tRNAs are empty.c. The polypeptide is long enough.d. A stop codon is encountered.e. The ribosome run off the end of mRNA.

39. The figure below represents tRNA, which binds to a particular amino acid. Which amino acid would this tRNA carry to the ribosome?

a. Gln b. Ala c. Leu d. Glu e. Thr

40. Given the locally unwound double strand above, in which direction does the RNA polymerase move?a. 3' to 5' along the template strandb. 5' to 3' along the template strandc. 3' to 5' along the complementary strandd. 5' to 3' along the complementary strande. 5' to 3' along the double–stranded DNA

41. Unlike DNA, RNA contains __________, which is a _____________. a. uracil; nucleotide c. thymine; pyrimidineb. uracil; purine d. uracil; pyrimidine

Part 2: DNA, RNA, Proteins (WRITE ON HERE)1. Label the DNA strands shown below.

a. Label the 5’ and 3’ ends of EACH DNA polymer. e. Label one of the sugar molecules b. Label a phosphate group (PO4

3-) f. Label a hydrogen bond.c. Circle and label BOTH purines. g Circle and label BOTH pyrimidinesd. Label the bases that are not already filled in. h. Label a phosphodiester bond

2. Matching: Scientists (can be used more than once, but each number has ONE answer)_____ 1. Studied pneumonia in mice a. Avery_____ 2. Studied pneumonia in test tubes b. Watson & Crick_____ 3. Discovered A pairs with T and C pairs with G_____ 4. made x-ray defraction pictures that helped determine the shape of DNA c. Hershey & Chase_____ 5. Saw that heat-killed S cells mixed with living R cells kills the mouse. d. Chargaff_____ 6. Determined the double helix structure of DNA e. Rosalind Franklin_____ 7. Won a Noble Prize for showing Watson and Crick an x-ray photograph of the DNA f. Griffith_____ 8. Reported that the “transforming agent” from Griffith’s experiment was DNA g. Maurice Wilkins

3. Below shows a replication fork. Label the diagram below with the following enzymes and parts: Helicase, Single strand binding proteins (SSBP’s), Primase, DNA Polymerase, DNA ligase, and RNA primer, 3 end, 5 end, leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments.

4. Matching: EnzymesA. DNA Polymerase B. SSBP C. Helicase D. Primase E. DNA ligase______ 1. Unzips the DNA using energy from ATP by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs______ 2. Stablizes the single-stranded template DNA during process so they don’t bond back together______ 3. Adds nucleotides to the DNA strands (makes new strand)______ 4. Makes short RNA primers______ 5. Seals the gaps in DNA by making phosphodiester bonds

5. Differences between RNA and DNACharacteristics DNA RNA

Strands?

Location

Bases

Sugar in nucleotide

6. Directions: Fill in the blanks below using the given template strand:

DNA Template: 3’ A T A C G C C C A T C A T C A C T T T A C T G C 5’

mRNA sequence : _________________________________________________________ Amino acid sequence : _________________________________________________________(polypeptide sequence)

Number of Amino Acids ? _______Number of Codons ? ___________How many nucleotides are present on this DNA template?

7. Complete the table based on the “codon chart.”A B C D

DNA codon

mRNA codon

tRNA anticodon

Amino Acid

TTG

GAA

Tryptophan (Trp)

UGC

8. Answer the following based on the table above:Moving from what column to what column is transcription for the tabel above? __________________________________Moving from what column to what column is translation for the table above? ___________________________________

9. Directions: Fill in the blanks below using the given template strand:DNA Template: 3’ A T A C G G T A C C T T G T A C C G C C A T A G C A T T 5’

Complementary DNA sequence :________________________________________________

Complementary mRNA sequence :_______________________________________________ (mRNA transcript)

Amino Acid Sequence sequence :_______________________________________________ (mRNA transcript)

Number of amino acids? ___________Number of codons? __________

10. Name the parts/structures of a cell

 A = __________________

B = __________________

C = __________________

D = __________________

E = __________________

F = __________________