THE CIE AND AUSTRALIATHE CIE AND AUSTRALIAROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

Past - Present – FutureAlec Fisher, Chair of Standards Australia Committee

Lighting for Roads and Public Spaces

ROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

CIE Committee TC4.6 CIE Committee TC4.6 Road lightingRoad lighting

• For the 2 quadrennia up to 1975 the committee was chaired by ‘Nito’ de Boer(later Prof.) producing 2 Recommendations and 6 Technical Reports – exploiting the wealth of N European research at that time.Road lighting was essentially for vehicular traffic.• In 1975 I became chair – TC 4.6 met in plenary session yearly with SCs to prosecute the working program. There were aspects unresolved – eg. classification of surfaces, tunnel entrance lighting, accidents, visibility metrics. Four Technical Reports on butroad lighting remained essentially for vehicular traffic.

ROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

IN THE BEGINNINGIN THE BEGINNINGCIE – 1965 Pub 12 International Recommendations for the

Lighting of Public ThoroughfaresAUS - 1939/1964 AS CA19 SAA Street Lighting Code

GENESISGENESISCIE – 1977 Pub 12.2 Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads

for Motorized TrafficAUS - 1973/1986/1997 AS 1158 series

CURRENTLYCURRENTLYCIE – 1995-115 Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads

for Motor and Pedestrian TrafficAUS - 2005-on AS/NZS 1158 Lighting for Roads and Public Spaces; series

of eight parts

ROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD -- into the computer age .......into the computer age .......CIE – 1977 set out lighting requirements in terms of light technical requirements (LTPs)

* Multiple lighting categories* Calculation of luminance formalised* Reflectances of road surface characterised and tabulated* Glare restriction by Glare Mark and TI

AUS - 1986 ditched the recipe method of lighting design and the single minimum standard and espoused the CIE methodology – the same but different!

* Less demanding values of LTPs* Inclusion of surround illuminance ratio* Inclusion of software based on CIE – a world first? * Requirements for curves, intersections and local roads

Road lighting and accident studies* No. of studies - 62* No. of countries -15 including Australia* Night casualty accidents reduced 30%

Reduction in accidents and light level -Australian data

* Diminishing return in reduction for the higher light levels

* Cat V3 is about 10 at elbow of curve -optimum return for medium traffic volumes

ROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

CURRENT STATE OF PLAYCURRENT STATE OF PLAY

CIE – 1995-115 Basis of EC Road Lighting Standards* Covers ‘Cat V and P’ * Multiple levels * Includes conflict points but not

curves *Glare Mark out but SR in! * Dabbles with Small Target Visibility and semi-cylindrical illuminance

AUS/NZ - 2005 on AS/NZS 1158 series* Lighting for Roads and Public Spaces* Covers Cat V, P, TU and PX * Multiple levels * Cat V includes conflict

points and curves *All design by computer – Cat V by included upgradedsoftware – consolidation of calculation requirements *Cat P has crime risk criterion and vertical illuminance *All LTPs maintained values

*Compliance by 3 stage documentation *Clients responsibilities

ROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

*AS/NZS 1158.5 2007 did not use latest CIE but 1st ed plus the British Standard to produce a comprehensive document on lighting of tunnels and underpasses.

ROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

WHAT ABOUT UPWARD AND SPILL LIGHT?*No mention in CIE 115-1995 but see CIE 126-1997 and CIE 150-2003 (modelled closely on AS 4282 1997 – a world first)*UWLR introduced into AS/NZS 1158 1997 (another world first)

• UWLR in 1997 set at 6%• UWLR halved 2005 to 3%• Modern luminaires ~ 1%• Luminaires UWLR =0 need

closer spacing

• UWLR reduced from 12% to 10%

• Modern luminaires ~ 5% UWLR ~40%

UWLR ~5%

ROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

ROAD AND PUBLIC SPACE LIGHTING

THE NEXT BIG ISSUESTHE NEXT BIG ISSUES‘White Light’ –Australia and UK action in StandardsCIE Div 4 has a committee Energy efficiency -1158 has Energy Efficiency as a design objective CIE Div 4 ? Possible actions –*MEPS – Federal objective*Lower light levels –already modest*Time switching – difficult, is by

photocell*Use of most efficient equipment –amendments to 1158

*Use of most efficient lamps –amendments to 1158 and action by service providers –see insert

IN AUSTRALIA* Cat V – group replace HPM with HPS* Cat P – replace 80W HPM with CFL

eg. 42W or T5 eg. 2x14W

Not all work!Not all work!I have had a rewarding and enjoyable time participating in CIE affairs – I am sure you would too if you only join in!Join the CIE and see the world!Join the CIE and see the world!TC 4.6 Arnhem – Netherlands 1976Karlsruhe – GermanyGrenoble – FranceManchester – EnglandWarsaw – PolandEspoo – FinlandDubrovnik – Yugoslavia 1982CIE SessionsBarcelona 1971London, KyotoAmsterdam, VeniceMelbourne, New Delhi 1995