1. Defensive Driving Training for Driver

2. Objectives To know the hazards & danger involved in driving a vehicle and take necessary precautions to save lives, time and money. Definition of Defensive driving? Introduction General Discussion on Safety Road users in INDIA WHY DRIVER TRAINING? Why Accidents Occur? Six factors Driver Safety Topics 3. DEFENSIVE DRIVING Defensive Driving Vehicle Light 4. Defensive Driving: ? A defensive driver is one who will do everything possible to avoid a collision /Accident/ Crash/Break down. etc OR It is the driving to save lives, time & money in-spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others. Conditions: Roads, weather, traffic, light etc. Actions of others: Violations, discourtesy, lack of knowledge of other Drivers etc. 5. ROAD USERS IN INDIA Pedestrians: No Footpath No Zebra Crossing They cross out of zebra crossing Bus Stops not provided Walk in groups Creating fun on the road They do not walk facing the incoming traffic 6. ROAD USERS IN INDIA Road users in India Animals* Slow moving animals (Cow, Buffalo etc Pet Animals (Dogs, Cats etc.) Pedestrian Vehicles Major vehicles ( Bus, Lorry Etc) Roughly handled Poorly maintained *They are not visible at night. 7. WHY DRIVER TRAINING? Driving is something we do daily. Its the most dangerous thing we do! 140,000 people die each year 115 people who leave home today will never return Every 4th minute, there is 01 road casualty in India. There are 11 accidents for every 1000 vehicles. Every year out of 01 lacs unnatural deaths in India, nearly 68000 (more than 34%) are due to road accidents. Mostly males, who are earning members in the family, die. Narrow Roads 385 15.26% Turns 414 16.38% Slopes & climbs 296 11.71% Straight Roads 1431 56.65% SPOTS OF ACCIDENTS ACCIDENT BLACK SPOTS: Uncontrolled junction Bus stop Gaps within Road Dividers On street Parking places Building access (while reversing) Road Bend National Highway ACCIDENTS DO NOT HAPPEN, THEY ARE CAUSED. 8. General Discussion Why Accidents Occur? Most frequent causes of accidents Inatention to detail Speeding DWI/DUI (Driving Under the Influence/"Driving While Intoxicated" or "Driving While Impaired) Driving too fast for conditions Failed to yield Other Factors: Road conditions Weather related & Physical conditions Vehicle Maintenance Tires treadwear/pressure Brakes 9. General Discussion Accident Costs? Physical Damage - Your Vehicle Property Damage - Destroyed Property Medical Costs - Yours & Passengers Liability Costs - Other Vehicle(s) physical damage Other(s) injuries $$$$$$$ 10. General Discussion Driver Expectations? Your Company expects high standards of performance, including safe driving. Your Company expects not just safe driving performance, but award winning safety performance. Why? Because its possible, Cost effective, Right thing to do! 11. Safety Tips Quick Check Step Process Defensive Driving Techniques Rules of the road General Safety Rules 12. Pre-Trip Inspection Take a walk around your vehicle. Windows clean? Lights/signals clean & working. Tires properly inflated / tread wear. Fluid leaks on the ground. Plates current??? Inside the Vehicle Adjust your seat and fasten seat belt Check and adjust all Mirrors Adugst your Headrest Assure doors fully closed and secured Scan the gauges Check windows/windshield Adjust the vents, windows, heater & air conditioner Make sure youre emotionally ready to focus on driving 13. Your State Of Mind Mental State Stress / Emotions / Attitudes Drowsiness / Fatigue Vision / Hearing Alcohol 14. Getting the Big Picture Scan the road ahead City (Approx. 1 block) Rural (Approx. 1/4 mile) Keep your eyes moving. Check your mirrors every 5 seconds. 15. Following Distance Speed & Stopping distance are key. Stay 3 to 4 seconds behind. Tailgaters Avoid quick changes. Increase your following distance. Dont speed up. Avoid tricks. (Control emotions.) 16. Lane Changes Check to make sure there is enough room. Signal your intentions. Check your blind spot and space again. Make the lane change. Blind Spots Dont drive in someone elses. Make yourself as visible as possible. (*At all times) 17. Line Markings Yellow lines - Traffic in both directions. White lines - One way traffic. Broken - Passing allowed. Solid - No passing. Mandatory Signs:- In accordance with the Motor Vehicles Act 1988, every driver of a motor vehicle shall drive the vehicle in conformity with any indication given by the mandatory signs. Cautionary Signs:- Cautionary signs are meant for cautioning the driver about the hazards lying ahead on the road. The driver should obey these for safety. Informatory Signs:- Informatory signs are erected on the road to provide information on direction, destination, roadside facilities, etc. to the road user. Road Safety Signs 18. Postings Regulatory - Red &White Warning - Yellow &Black Construction - Orange Guide Signs- Blue/Back/Green 19. Right-Of-Way At an intersection, vehicle on the right has the right to go first. Be aware of pedestrians and school crossing. Scan the intersection/stop at the limit line Reminder: NO One is guaranteed the right of way. Look at your path. Back slowly. Back to the drivers side when possible. Use a helper when possible. Backing 20. Railroad Crossings The cross buck is found at most public crossings. These signs should be treated in the same manner as a yield sign. Ramps (Slope) Obey speed limits posted. Speed limits designed for autos; larger vehicles need to go slower. Exits merging downhill are particularly dangerous. Adjust speed and position Be familiar with surrounding 21. Emergency Vehicles Immediately move to the right of your lane, to another lane, or to the shoulder if possible. If moving right is not possible, stay where you are. Do not move left. 22. Accident Reporting Note the vehicle no. Stop the vehicle Switch on warning lights Render first-aid to injured Rush to the hospital Inform police, irrespective who is at fault. Get medically checked if you also have received injury or head hit. Note the name of Driver, license no. 23. Dont Get Caught in an accident! 24. Six Factors involved for causing road accidents 1. Light 2. Road 3. Weather 4. Vehicle 5. Traffic 6. Driver 25. DRIVER Low education level Inadequate training Easily obtained License Lack of knowledge of rules & regulations Long working hours fatigue Health fitness is poor Drinking habits Emotional stress Over confidence in driving Seeing Ability: -Colour blindness -40% elderly drivers can not see road signs at night. -10 to 30 times more illumination level is required to see at night. 26. Factors affecting driving skills Fatigue (overworking hours) Stop when you feel tired/ sleepy, take rest, tea & arrange other driver to drive. Medicine Disturb mind Distraction (pet, children at back seat, loud music, etc.) Drunken driving 27. BREAKDOWN Inform convoy supervisor Switch on warning lights Keep vehicle away from movement of traffic Display warning triangle Apply hand brake Convoy supervisor will inform to the control room Control room will inform emergency breakdown control point. MECHANICAL FAILURE Brake failure What to do? Tire burst What to do? Sudden loss of acceleration What to do? Bonnet flies up What to do? 28. DO NOT OVERTAKE On a marked NO OVERTAKING ZONE. On curves On hills 100 meters before & at railway crossing or cross roads. A vehicle, slowing down to give way to pedestrians Avoid following too closely Reaction time: 3/4th of a second Gap between the vehicles: keep one vehicle distance for every 10 kmph speed. 29. Defensive Driving Good Habits Observation; -Who, where, when & what to look for. Communication Coordination Consideration Keep your mind cool, Manage stress SCHEDULE DELAY Plan your trip, this will reduce driving time. Hurry leads to mistakes and accidents Beware of bad weather, traffic conditions & route. ATTITUDE Willing to admit mistakes Tolerance towards the mistakes of others Respect for the law Respect for other road users Courtesy 30. FOLLOWING DISTANCE 30 MPH 4 SECONDS 40 MPH 5 SECONDS 50 MPH 6 SECONDS 60 MPH 7 SECONDS 70 MPH 8 SECONDS 31. RESPONSIBILITY AS A DRIVER NEVER ENDS. YOUR LIFE AND THE LIVES OF OTHERS DEPEND ON YOU! As a defensive driver, you must be always alert on the road. Best Driver!