road sector cameroon

Effectiveness of road sector dialogue

Lessons from 15 years of experience in Cameroon

15 years of road sector dialogue in Cameroon Romain Pison

1- Objectives of this presentation

Report the contribution of EDF for roads in Cameroun

Analyze the road programs

over the past 15 years

Stress the links between

programs and achievements

Identify the successes and

failures of programs and

dialogue

Characterize road sector

dialogue based on review from

the Court of Auditors

Highlight the best conditions for reform and

progress for the future


Tikar Plain(102 Km)

7th EDFRehabilitated in 2001

Total expenditure: 14 M€

Bertoua – Garoua Boulai (250 Km)



N’Gaoundéré – Touboro(265 Km)

8th EDFConstructed in 2004


Yaoundé – Ayos (126 Km)



Garoua Boulai – Nandéké (86 Km)10th EDF

Under constructionTotal committed: 90 M€

Figuil – Maroua(115 Km)10th EDF

Under constructionTotal committed: 50 M€

Garoua – Figuil(90 Km)9th EDF

Total expenditure: 30 M€Lake Nyos

(10 Km)9th EDF

Rehabilitated in 2011Total expenditure: 3 M€

Douala – YaoundéRoad safety

9th EDFTotal expenditure: 5 M€

Muéa – Kumba(62 Km)

Rehabilitated in 20109th EDF


2- How the EDF contributed to the road network in 15 years ?

2- How the EDF contributed to the road network in 15 years ?

•

1000km of paved roads

(out of 4900km)(20%)

100km of unpaved roads

(out of 45000km)

450 M€ invested(30M€ / year)

(out of 1300M€ - country internal

resources)(35%)

(out of 2100M€ - country overall

resources)(20%)

200M€ / year : country overall

current budget for road (2012 –

capital, repair and maintenance)

300M€ / year : national road master plan

recommended budget (2012)


3- Promotion of adequate funding of road maintenance

Cameroon road capital, repair and maintenance budgets over the past 15 years

0

50

100

150

200

250

300EDF in roads (M€)

CMR annual budget -own resources (M€)

CMR external - debtsand grants - exceptEDF (M€)

CMR total budget -external and debtincluded (M€)

Increase in overall budget in the past 15 years partly through debt (trend starting

2003, additional loans with WB, AfDB). New donors (China mainly) increasing influence

Stable contribution of EDF to road sector in

the past 15 years (even true for the past 50

years). Focus on paved roads (corridor, large

infrastructure, regional integration).

Increase in own resources partly through EU and IFIs conditions on RF. Positive impact

with quantitative conditions. Little impact with under ambitious or

formal conditions.

Legal and institutional related conditions on RF

Conditions: 23M€ RF budget increase in 2006,

then 17M€ increase during 2006-2008

Conditions: “Maintaining or increasing RF

budget”

Financial gap (100M€) ?


Cameroon road capital, repair and maintenance budgets : breakdown and evolution

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Year

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

CMR external -debts and grants -except EDF

CMR annualbudget - ownresources

EDF in roads

3- Promotion of adequate funding of road maintenance

1997-2012 average breakdown of road financing sources in Cameroon

21%

62%

17%

EDF in roads(M€)

CMR annualbudget - ownresources (M€)

CMR external -debts and grants- except EDF(M€)

1997 breakdown of road financing sources in Cameroon

35%

52%

13% EDF in roads (M€)

CMR annual budget- ow n resources(M€)

CMR external -debts and grants -except EDF (M€)

2012 breakdown of road financing sources in Cameroon

15%

65%

20% EDF in roads (M€)

CMR annualbudget - ownresources (M€)

CMR external -debts and grants -except EDF (M€)

Overall decrease in EDF share of road financing in Cameroon in the last 15 years, from 35% to

15%. Important enough to leverage and foster road sector dialogue?

?


4- Effectiveness to address road maintenance

Evolution of road network conditions during the past 15 years in Cameroon

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1997 1999 2000 2003 2008 2009 2011

Year

Poor

Fair

Good

Condition : RF budget increase of 40M€ during 2004-2008

(representing a 50% increase compared to 2004 budget)

Limited budget execution and issues in procuring

road work contracts have created substantial delays

in road maintenance activities. EDF will now

finance technical assistance program to

improve programming and contracting.

Road financing itself is not sufficient. Despite 2003-2008 increase,

little capacity to execute programs caused RF

overliquidities and delays in maintenanceReduction to budget allocated

to maintenance during 2001-2003

Difficulty to foster dialogue with Government on

efficiency-related issues. Road management

performance, road agency or sector-wide procurement

policies are discussed without specific targets.

How to set performance related conditions when

not demand driven? How to set financing

related specific conditions on a long

term issue?

?

5- Contribution to the institutional capacity

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

MoU

Road Agency

Maintenance privatization Audits

Road Fund

Transport Sector Policy

Ministry reform

2nd generation Road Fund

Not enforced Functional

Vocational training

Ministry performance improvement ?

How to set up performance based

conditions on short and medium term? Should we move in a direction the Government is not

willing to take?

Substantial progress in the financing of the road

sector, overloading, technical audits of the works, and to some

extent the capacity of SMEs / contractors /

supervision

Most of the issues and weaknesses relate to the

administration. How to deal with an organization that does not accept its

flaws and does not want to change?

……..…………….. BUT ………......………

6- Effectiveness to address vehicle overloading

Average evolution of overloaded vehicles on Cameroon road network (1997-2012)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Year

Ove

rlo

adin

g r

ate

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50Controled vehicles inoverloading (%)

Controled vehicles inextreme overloading>10t (%)

Linear Trendline foroverloading inCameroon

Law on protection of roads and weighting

policy

First weighting stations built. EDF condition on policy

New team in Ministry in charge of protection of network. Additional EDF financing to rehabilitate and build weighting stations (from 5 in

2005 to 16 stations in 2009)

EDF condition to aim for 10% overloading

?

Enabling legal environment with law passed by the

Government. Demand driven and

mature activity requiring simple

control sets.

Continuous EDF ambitious conditions on both number of

stations (outputs) and overloading rate

performance (outcome) during the

last 15 yearsStaff related opportunities to fully use momentum. EDF

fully financing activities when efficient

Government team / champion was in

charge.

7- Take out, questions and recommendations

450 M€ invested in the last 15 years

(30M€ / year)(20% total invested)…. gap 100M€/yearIncreasing debts or

raising RUC?

EU and IFIs conditions on Road Fund : positive impact if

quantitative conditions. Strict

conditions have led to a 50% increase of the

RF.

Overall decrease in EDF share of road

financing. Important enough to leverage

and foster road sector dialogue? Or good

sign that the sector is opening up?

Despite RF increase (2003-2008), little

capacity to execute programs caused

overliquidities, delays in maintenance, and

institutional regresses

How to set performance related conditions when not

demand driven? How to set program

financing related specific conditions on

a long term issue?


Continuous and ambitious EDF

conditions on both stations (outputs) and

overloading rate (outcome) during the

last 15 years

Staff related opportunities to fully use momentum. EDF

fully financing activities when

efficient Government team was in charge.

Enabling legal environment provided by Government, not EDF. Demand driven

activity requiring simple control sets

that have been contracted out

Thank you for the attention!

Romain PISONProgram Officer

Infrastructure DEU [email protected]


road sector cameroon

Economy & Finance

road agency

road management

cmr external edf

km7th edf

share of road financing35

edf mroad sector dialogue

grants except100 edf

years of experience