Road to Civil War

Chapter 15

Section 1Slavery and the West

I. The Missouri CompromiseA. Missouri asked to join the Union as a slave state in

1819B. At the time 11 states are free and 11 states are slaveC. Missouri would upset the balance of power in the

senate. D. North and South had different economic systems and

both wanted land out west.E. Sectionalism grows—an exaggerated loyalty to a

particular region of the country.

How many Senators are there from each state?

Two

F. Clay’s Proposal1. Maine as a Free State—Missouri as a Slave State2. Prohibited Slavery north of the 36 30’N latitude3. Missouri Compromise temporally fixed the crisis.

II. New Western LandsA. Next 25 years slavery issue is in the background

1. 1840s things heat up again. Texas, New Mexico, and California want to become states.

2. James Polk becomes president and pressed forward on accepting/taking these lands

I stated that Polk took land. In which war did he do this?

A. War of 1812B. Spanish American WarC. Mexican WarD. Civil War

[Default][MC Any][MC All]

B. Conflicting Views1. Wilmot Proviso---called for a ban on slavery in

any new land taken in the War with Mexico.

a. Southerners wanted the area open to slaveryb. Southerner John C. Calhoun stated that

Congress didn’t have the authority to ban slavery anywhere

1. Popular Sovereignty (people decide)

C. The Free Soil Party1. Debate over slavery led to the formation of a new

political party2. 1848 Whigs select Mexican War hero Zachary Taylor3. Democrats select Lewis Cass4. Neither party discusses slavery which angered

Antislavery members of both parties.5. Angered people form new party “Free Soil, Free

Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men”6. Free Soil Party nominates Martin Van Buren7. Zachary Taylor wins election but Free Soil Party wins

seats in Senate.

What modern day political party has some similarities to the Free Soil Party?

A. Tea PartyB. Republican PartyC. Democratic Party

D. California1. President Taylor urges California and New Mexico

to become states. California does in 1850

2. Antislavery groups want slavery banned in Washington DC

3. Southerners wanted a strong national law requiring

states to return fugitive slaves.4. 1849 -15 Slave States and 15 Free States5. Southern States begin talking about seceding

from the United States.

What event led California to become a state so quickly?

gold rush

III. A New Compromise A. Henry Clay proposes another compromise

1. California would be admitted as a free state2. New Mexico would have no restrictions on slavery3. New Mexico-Texas border would be settled in favor

of New Mexico4. Slave Trade would be banned in Washington DC,

Slavery itself would be permitted.5. Fugitive Slave Law would be passed

B. Daniel Webster (Mass.) helps get Clay’s proposal passed

C. John Calhoun of South Carolina was against it.

Which part of the Compromise would upset the Northern States the most?

A. California admitted as a free stateB. New Mexico having no restrictions on slaveryC. Slave Trade banned in Washington DCD. New Mexican border dispute settledE. Fugitive Slave Law would be enacted

i. The Compromise of 18501. President Taylor hated the Compromisea. He dies in office2. Millard Fillmore becomes the new President and

supports compromise.3. Senator Stephen A. Douglas (Illinois) took charge in

passing the plan by dividing the plan into a series of measures.

4. President Fillmore persuaded several Whig reps to abstain---not cast votes

5. These 5 new laws become know has the Compromise of 1850

6. Clay believed it would be the “final settlement”

What does Popular Sovereignty mean?

People decided the issue of slavery for themselves.