Road to the Revolution!Road to the Revolution!

King George IIIKing George III

New King of England during colonial timesFather died unexpectedly, making him KingHis policies and taxes angered the American colonists.

Suffered from mental illnessHallucinations, depression, anxiety and paranoia

Met wife Charlotte on his wedding day

Happy marriage 15 children (9B, 6G)

ParliamentParliament•Works with the King (or Queen) to make laws for England(similar to US Congress)Two Parts•Group of elected members from around the country (House of Commons) •Group of nobility who come to power through bloodlines(House of Lords)

•Colonies in America were not represented. Their voice was not heard in lawmaking

Background…..Background…..•England sent troops to protect the colonists in the French and Indian War.•Parliament wanted the colonists to help pay for the war.•To pay for protection (F and I War), the colonists were taxed on Sugar (Sugar Act).

•First time the colonists were taxed to raise money•Colonists were angry!

•Taxation without representation began!

Taxation without Taxation without Representation Representation

• Colonists were upset about the tax Samuel Adams (cousin of John Adams) led boycotts and formed the Sons of Liberty

early terrorist organization that intimidated loyalists (people loyal to the King)

• Demanded that the colonists have a voice in the English government and that “taxation without representation” is wrong• In reality, it would be hard for the colonists to serve in Parliament due to distance•Sugar Act was eventually repealed

MercantilismMercantilism

British economic British economic policy toward the policy toward the coloniescolonies Practice of creating and Practice of creating and

maintaining wealth by maintaining wealth by controlling tradecontrolling trade

Balance of trade- more Balance of trade- more exports than importsexports than imports

Colonies could only Colonies could only trade with England!trade with England!

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

What It Was:What It Was: Colonists could not Colonists could not

settle west of the settle west of the Appalachian Mtns.Appalachian Mtns.

Colonists Reaction:Colonists Reaction: They felt cheated They felt cheated

out of land and out of land and some ignored itsome ignored it

Quartering Act (1765)Quartering Act (1765)

What It Was:What It Was: Required colonists Required colonists

to provide housing to provide housing and supplies to and supplies to British soldiersBritish soldiers

Colonists Colonists Reactions:Reactions: Felt it was unfairFelt it was unfair

Sugar Act (1764)Sugar Act (1764)

What It Was: What It Was: Taxed imports, such Taxed imports, such

as sugar, wine, as sugar, wine, coffee, dyes, and coffee, dyes, and clothcloth

Colonists Colonists Reactions:Reactions: Colonists protestedColonists protested

Stamp Act (1765)Stamp Act (1765)

What It Was:What It Was: Taxed most paper Taxed most paper

goods (cards, goods (cards, newspapers, books, newspapers, books, pamphlets, legal pamphlets, legal documents)documents)

Colonists Reactions:Colonists Reactions: Open demonstrations, Open demonstrations,

protests, Sons of protests, Sons of Liberty, boycott Liberty, boycott British goodsBritish goods

Townshend Act (1767) Townshend Act (1767)

What It Was:What It Was: Taxed lead, glass, tea, Taxed lead, glass, tea,

paint and paperpaint and paper Writs of assistance Writs of assistance

(allowed tax collectors (allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled to search for smuggled goods)goods)

Colonists Reactions:Colonists Reactions: Immediate protests, Immediate protests,

riots, boycotts of riots, boycotts of British goodsBritish goods

Boston Massacre (1770)Boston Massacre (1770)

What It Was:What It Was: 5 colonists were shot 5 colonists were shot

by British soldiers by British soldiers after a snowball fight after a snowball fight and shouting insults and shouting insults

Colonists Reactions:Colonists Reactions: Used it to show the Used it to show the

dangers of having dangers of having British troops in British troops in colonial townscolonial towns

Tea Act (1773)Tea Act (1773)

What It Was:What It Was: Tax on teaTax on tea

Colonists Colonists Reactions:Reactions: Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Disguised as Native Disguised as Native Americans, colonists Americans, colonists dumped 342 chests dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston of tea into Boston HarborHarbor

Boston Port Act (1774)Boston Port Act (1774)

What It Was:What It Was: Closed port of Closed port of

Boston until all Boston until all destroyed tea had destroyed tea had been paid forbeen paid for

Colonists Colonists Reactions:Reactions: Enraged colonistsEnraged colonists

Founding FatherFounding Father DOI and ConstitutionDOI and Constitution

Oldest member of CongressOldest member of Congress Writer/PublisherWriter/Publisher ScientistScientist Outgoing personalityOutgoing personality

Great sense of humorGreat sense of humor Popular with the ladiesPopular with the ladies

National HeroNational Hero WriterWriter InventorInventor

Bifocals, lightening pole, stove, Bifocals, lightening pole, stove, odometer, Glass Armonicaodometer, Glass Armonica

Intolerable Acts (1774)Intolerable Acts (1774)

What It Was:What It Was: Closed port of Boston, Closed port of Boston,

no town meetings, no town meetings, house troops wherever, house troops wherever, British officials accused British officials accused of crimes were tried in of crimes were tried in EnglandEngland

Colonists Reactions:Colonists Reactions: Colonists united and Colonists united and

formed the First formed the First Continental CongressContinental Congress

Currency Act (1764)Currency Act (1764)

What It Was:What It Was: Prohibited colonies Prohibited colonies

from issuing paper from issuing paper moneymoney

Colonists Colonists Reactions:Reactions: Colonists upset Colonists upset

because it was too because it was too difficult to do difficult to do businessbusiness

Common SenseCommon Sense

On Jan 10, 1776, a 47 page On Jan 10, 1776, a 47 page pamphlet titled pamphlet titled Common Common SenseSense was published in was published in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

Written by Thomas Paine, Written by Thomas Paine, the 38-year old editor of the 38-year old editor of the the Pennsylvania MagazinePennsylvania Magazine

Written in “everyday Written in “everyday language”language”

Argued for breaking ties Argued for breaking ties with Englandwith England

Common SenseCommon Sense A monarchy is an A monarchy is an

unfair form of unfair form of governmentgovernment

The people should The people should make the lawsmake the laws

America is influenced America is influenced by Europe as a whole, by Europe as a whole, not just Englandnot just England

A small island A small island (England) cannot rule (England) cannot rule an entire continent an entire continent (America)(America)

Shot Heard Round the Shot Heard Round the WorldWorld

British general Thomas Gage British general Thomas Gage decided to take away colonists’ decided to take away colonists’ ammunition in Concord, MAammunition in Concord, MA

On April 9On April 9thth, the Sons of Liberty , the Sons of Liberty gathered near Concord in gathered near Concord in Lexington where they met the Lexington where they met the British troopsBritish troops

Agreed to not fire unless fired Agreed to not fire unless fired uponupon

Suddenly a shot rang out and Suddenly a shot rang out and the war startedthe war started

Nobody knows who fired first, Nobody knows who fired first, but that shot became the “Shot but that shot became the “Shot Heard ‘Round theHeard ‘Round the World.”World.”

Lexington and Concord Lexington and Concord (1775)(1775)

What It Was:What It Was: British troops reach British troops reach

Lexington (battle) Lexington (battle) and Concord (burned and Concord (burned courthouse)courthouse)

Colonists Reactions:Colonists Reactions: Minutemen stand Minutemen stand

against British against British Beginning of Beginning of REVOLUTIONARY REVOLUTIONARY WAR!WAR!

Patriot or Loyalist?Patriot or Loyalist?

Your ticket out the door is to Your ticket out the door is to decide if you are a patriot or decide if you are a patriot or a loyalist and explain your a loyalist and explain your decision (provide 3 reasons).decision (provide 3 reasons).

Patriot Patriot = one who wants = one who wants independence independence

LoyalistLoyalist = one who wants to = one who wants to remain a colony of Britain remain a colony of Britain

Part Part 22

The “new” The “new” Americans Americans needed a needed a symbol of symbol of freedom!freedom!

What is the true What is the true story of the story of the

American Flag?American Flag?

Did Betsy sew it? Did Betsy sew it?

Who cracked the Who cracked the Liberty Bell?Liberty Bell?

Born Feb 22, 1732 in VABorn Feb 22, 1732 in VA Cherry Tree – not a real eventCherry Tree – not a real event Led Virginian troops in French Led Virginian troops in French

and Indian Warand Indian War 1759 married Martha Custis1759 married Martha Custis General for Continental ArmyGeneral for Continental Army Became first US presidentBecame first US president Served two termsServed two terms Wooden and ivory teeth @ Wooden and ivory teeth @

Smithsonian Museum in D.C.Smithsonian Museum in D.C.

RedcoatsRedcoats British ArmyBritish Army Led by General Burgoyne, Howe, and Led by General Burgoyne, Howe, and

Lt. Col. Leger… Cornwallis later in Lt. Col. Leger… Cornwallis later in 17781778

Strategy: Control Hudson River Strategy: Control Hudson River Valley and therefore, control of New Valley and therefore, control of New England.England.

Hessian soldiers = German paid Hessian soldiers = German paid soldiers; fought for British soldiers; fought for British

Unprepared for popular uprisingUnprepared for popular uprising Overconfident, disunited, Overconfident, disunited,

uncoordinateduncoordinated No alliesNo allies Communication and supply shortages Communication and supply shortages 54,000 troops54,000 troops

Continental ArmyContinental Army

Led by General George WashingtonLed by General George Washington Unpaid, non-military citizensUnpaid, non-military citizens Defending their homes and Defending their homes and

communitiescommunities Guerrilla warfare = home court Guerrilla warfare = home court

advantageadvantage Lots of civilian supportLots of civilian support Military leaders inspired loyalty and Military leaders inspired loyalty and

patriotism.patriotism. France supplied $ to help American France supplied $ to help American

efforteffort 250,000 troops250,000 troops

Valley ForgeValley Forge

Valley Forge, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, was the Pennsylvania, was the site of the camp of the site of the camp of the American Continental American Continental Army over the winter of Army over the winter of 1777–1778 1777–1778

Good defense but…Good defense but… Harsh weather, cramped Harsh weather, cramped

housing, poor clothing, lack housing, poor clothing, lack of food (fire cakes), diseaseof food (fire cakes), disease

2,000 men died from the 2,000 men died from the conditionsconditions

Battle of TrentonBattle of Trenton As the war continued, in Nov of 1776, British General As the war continued, in Nov of 1776, British General

Howe took the last Patriot fort on Manhattan Island.Howe took the last Patriot fort on Manhattan Island. British were slowly winning the warBritish were slowly winning the war General Howe let his soldiers rest, but Americans took General Howe let his soldiers rest, but Americans took

this time to get organized.this time to get organized. General Washington decided to make a surprise General Washington decided to make a surprise

attack on December 25, 1776 while the British troops attack on December 25, 1776 while the British troops were celebrating.were celebrating.

Washington secretly crossed the Delaware River into Washington secretly crossed the Delaware River into New Jersey and attacked in the morning.New Jersey and attacked in the morning.

Impressive victory helped to boost the spirits of the Impressive victory helped to boost the spirits of the patriots.patriots.

Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the Delaware – What problems Delaware – What problems

do you see with this do you see with this picture?picture?

Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga The British were The British were

embarrassed by the embarrassed by the defeat at Trenton.defeat at Trenton.

British troops wanted British troops wanted take over New England.take over New England.

Due to a mistake, the Due to a mistake, the American troops American troops defeated British defeated British General Burgoyne at General Burgoyne at Saratoga, NY.Saratoga, NY.

Who was Benedict Who was Benedict Arnold?Arnold? American soldier who American soldier who

helped lead the charge helped lead the charge against America!against America!

Importance of SaratogaImportance of Saratoga The American victory at Saratoga The American victory at Saratoga

was a major turning point in the was a major turning point in the War for Independence. War for Independence.

France enters the war as an ally France enters the war as an ally of the United States. of the United States.

With the French military With the French military assistance America was able to assistance America was able to tip the balance at Yorktown, tip the balance at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781 – winning Virginia in 1781 – winning America its ultimate victory! America its ultimate victory!

The war also would reach to The war also would reach to nearly every quarter of the globe nearly every quarter of the globe as Spain and the Netherlands as Spain and the Netherlands would become involved.would become involved.

Battle of YorktownBattle of Yorktown In early 1781, the war as In early 1781, the war as

going badly for the patriots going badly for the patriots (low on money and supplies).(low on money and supplies).

France supplied troops and France supplied troops and supplies in support of supplies in support of AmericaAmerica

After weeks of fighting, the After weeks of fighting, the patriots wore down the patriots wore down the British troops with help from British troops with help from the French.the French.

British General Cornwallis British General Cornwallis surrendered and the British surrendered and the British prime minister declared the prime minister declared the war was over!war was over!

Surrender at YorktownSurrender at Yorktown

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris Treaty of Paris, ending the Treaty of Paris, ending the

war, was signed in 1783war, was signed in 1783 England recognized America England recognized America

as an independent nationas an independent nation Troops are released Troops are released Monetary damages are paidMonetary damages are paid Geographical boundaries Geographical boundaries

established established

Now what?Now what? Articles of Confederation – our first Articles of Confederation – our first

constitutionconstitution Constitution – second document Constitution – second document

outlining our governmentoutlining our government Building a Nation of the People, for Building a Nation of the People, for

the People!the People!

Battle Map InstructionsBattle Map Instructions Use textbook page 193Use textbook page 193 Label all 13 “States”Label all 13 “States” Label Atlantic OceanLabel Atlantic Ocean Draw and label Appalachian MountainsDraw and label Appalachian Mountains Label (w/date of event)Label (w/date of event)

SaratogaSaratoga Lexington/ ConcordLexington/ Concord Valley Forge (1777)Valley Forge (1777) YorktownYorktown Trenton (map on pg. 198)Trenton (map on pg. 198) When you are finished staple vocabulary, When you are finished staple vocabulary,

notes, and map together…... Study for Monday notes, and map together…... Study for Monday Quiz!Quiz!