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R Stour

R Avon

R Avon

Rother

R Usk

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R Severn

R Nene

Little Ouse R

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R Alde

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R Yare

R Bure

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R Aire

R Esk

Tees

R L

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R

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R Teviot

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R Fal

R Al

len

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Trent

Conw

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R

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R South Tyne

Wear

Cree

R

R De

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R Esk

R Tamar

R Taw

R Torridge

R A

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R Test

R A

run

R Wye

RThames

R Dee

R W

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R Earn

R Garry

R Tay

R Lyon

R Teith

R Spean

River Dee

R Moriston

R G

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R Beauly

R Farrar

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Rive

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River

R

R Nairn

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R Na

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R Medway

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R

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Loch

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Loch

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Loch Maree

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Loch Monar

Loch Morar

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L

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R Eden

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R Wensum

R Great Ouse

Loch

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Black

R Carron

R Shi

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LochLoyal

L Broom

R Blackwater

R

R Waveney

R

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ClatteringshawsLoch

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R

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R Forth

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R

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LochTreig

Loch Leven

L Lyon

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Loch

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DARTMOOR

EXMOOR

MendipHills

QuantockHills

Cranborne Chase &

North WessexDowns

TheCotswolds

Malvern Hills

Wye Valley

Shropshire Hills

Gower

PEMBROKESHIRECOAST

BRECON BEACONS

SNOWDONIA

ClwydianRange

Lleyn

Anglesey

PEAK DISTRICT

NEWFOREST

HighWeald

The Chilterns

Dedham

Suffolk Coastand Heaths

THEBROADS

Norfolk Coast

KentDowns

NorthumberlandCoast

NORTHUMBERLAND

SolwayCoast

LAKEDISTRICT

Forest ofBowland

YORKSHIREDALES

NorthPennines

NORTH YORK MOORS

HowardianHills

Scarba, Lunga &The Garvellachs

Kylesof

Bute

NorthArran

JuraKnapdale

UpperTweeddale Eildon &

Leaderfoot

GALLOWAY

NithEstuary

FleetValley

South Lewis,Harris& North Uist

South UistMachair

North-westSutherland

Kyle ofTongue

Assynt-Coigach

DornochFirth

Wester Ross

Trotternish

Kintail Glen Affric

Knoydart

Cuillin Hills

The Small Isles

Morar,Moidart &Ardnamurchan

Loch naKeal

Lynnof Lorn

Ben Nevis &Glen Coe

Loch Rannoch& Glen Lyon

LochTummel

R Tay

R Earn(Comrie to St Fillans)

LincolnshireWolds

Tamar

HermaNess

Foula

Esha Ness

Fethaland

South WestMainland

Hoy andWest Mainland

Nidderdale

TAY

LOCH LOMOND &THE TROSSACHS

Bodmin Moor

Vale

Dorset

LochShiel

BlackdownHills

East Devon

NorthDevon

Cornwall

Cornwall

South Devon

Cornwall Cornwall

CAIRNGORMS

National ForestCannockChase

Surrey Hills

SOUTH DOWNSWest Wiltshire Downs

PenzanceHelston Falmouth

Redruth

Newquay

Truro

Bodmin

StAustell

Wadebridge

Liskeard

Tavistock

Exmouth

Dover

Lewes

Newhaven

EastGrinstead

Petersfield

Ringwood

Dorchester

BlandfordForumHoniton

Okehampton

Bideford

Barnstaple

Bude

Launceston

PortTalbot

Glastonbury

Frome

Shepton Mallet

Warminster

Trowbridge

Chippenham

Marlborough

AndoverFarnham

BeaconsfieldMaidenhead

DorkingReigate

Sevenoaks

Tilbury Sheerness

Canterbury

Harwich

Sudbury

Harlow

Hertford

Hatfield

Bishop’sStortford

AmershamCirencesterStroud

Stow-on-the-Wold

Stratford-upon-Avon

Evesham

Ross-on-Wye

AbergavennyMonmouthMerthyr

Tydfil

BuilthWells

BreconLlandovery

Llandeilo

Neath

Llanelli

Carmarthen

Cardigan

Fishguard

St Clears

Tenby

PembrokeDock

MilfordHaven

Haverfordwest

Aberystwyth

Machynlleth

Rhayader

LlandrindodWells

Llangurig

Newtown

Welshpool

Leominster

Bromsgrove

Kidderminster

Bridgnorth

Cannock

Lichfield

Hinckley

MarketHarborough

MeltonMowbray

Kettering

Wellingborough

Oakham

Stamford

Huntingdon

Ely

Newmarket

DownhamMarketMarch

Wisbech

Thetford Diss

SwaffhamGreat

Yarmouth

Beccles

Cromer

Skegness

Spalding

Boston

Sleaford

Newark-on-Trent

Ashbourne

Matlock

Burtonupon Trent

Rugeley

UttoxeterStone

Leek

Buxton

Congleton

Macclesfield

Whitchurch

Nantwich

Northwich

Wrexham

Mold

Queensferry

Ruthin

Llangollen

Oswestry

Y Bala

Dolgellau

Betws-y-Coed

Porthmadog

Caernarfon

Bangor

HolyheadConwy

Llandudno

Skelmers-dale

Bury

Worksop

Selby

Goole

Gainsborough

Immingham

Bridlington

Scarborough

Wetherby

Ripon

Thirsk

Skipton

KeighleyClitheroe

Lancaster

Fleetwood

HeyshamMorecambe

Kendal

Keswick

Penrith

Windermere

Brough

Consett

ScotchCorner

Whitby

Hexham

Corbridge

Morpeth

AlnwickHawick

Stranraer

CampbeltownJedburgh

Berwick-upon-Tweed

CrianlarichOban

Mallaig

Fort William/An Gearasdan

Forfar

Newtonmore

Kyle of Lochalsh/Caol Loch Aillse

Ullapool

Fraserburgh

Wick

Corby

Ashington

Chichester

Galashiels

Dewsbury

Wakefield

Uckfield

RoyalTunbridge

Wells

Thurso

Bishop Auckland

Brownhills

Warwick

BracknellStaines

Esher

Runcorn

Pontefract

Uig

Peebles

St Andrews

Arbroath

Montrose

Folkestone

BurySt Edmunds

King’s Lynn

Lowestoft

Grantham

Blackpool

Peterhead

Durham

Rotherham

Glenrothes

Dunfermline

Falkirk

Alloa

Cumbernauld

Dumbarton

Airdrie

Hamilton

Motherwell

Peterlee

MaghullSt

Helens

Rugby

Eastleigh

ChristchurchNewport

Ryde

Littlehampton

Tonbridge

Woking

Farnborough

Brentwood

Ilford

Barnet

FinchleyHarrow

Gravesend

Chatham

Cleethorpes

HerneBay

Whitstable

Wigston

BognorRegis

Penarth

Gosport

Billericay

Aldershot

Dartford

Rayleigh

Washington

Bentley

HavantHorndean

BroadstairsRochester

Livingston

Cleveleys

Crewe

Rosyth

Inverness/Inbhir Nis

Aberdeen

Kirkcaldy

EDINBURGH

Stirling

Greenock

GlasgowPaisley

EastKilbride

IrvineKilmarnock

Ayr

Tynemouth

South Shields

Sunderland

Newcastleupon Tyne

GatesheadCarlisle

Dumfries

Workington

Whitehaven Darlington

Stockton-on-Tees

Hartlepool

Middlesbrough

Kingstonupon Hull

Leeds

YorkHarrogate

BradfordBurnley

HalifaxBlackburn

Preston

Southport

Birkenhead

LiverpoolWallasey

Bootle

Warrington

Wigan

Rochdale

Oldham

Bolton

Stockport

Huddersfield

Sheffield

MANCHESTERAshton-under-Lyne

Barnsley

Doncaster

ScunthorpeGrimsby

Lincoln

Norwich

Nottingham

Derby

Loughborough

Leicester

Stoke-on-TrentNewcastle-

under-Lyme

Telford

Wolverhampton

BIRMINGHAM

Walsall

Dudley

Stourbridge

RedditchWorcester

Coventry

Nuneaton

RoyalLeamingtonSpa

NorthamptonBedford

Peterborough

Cambridge

Clacton-on-Sea

Colchester

Southend-on-Sea

Chelmsford

Felixstowe

BasildonDagenhamLONDON

StevenageLuton

MiltonKeynes

St AlbansHemelHempstead

HighWycombe

Dunstable

Watford

Slough

AylesburyOxford

Banbury

Swindon

Gloucester

Cheltenham

Cwmbran

Newport

Swansea

Bridgwater

CARDIFFBristol

Bath

Avonmouth

Weston-super-Mare

Salisbury

Basingstoke

Reading

Winchester

Guildford

Crawley

Richmond

SuttonCroydon

Orpington

Maidstone

Margate

Ramsgate

EastbourneBrighton

Portsmouth

Southampton

FarehamWorthing

Poole

Bournemouth

Weymouth

Taunton

Yeovil

Torquay

Exeter

Plymouth Paignton

Ipswich

Tamworth

Stafford

Shrewsbury

Dundee

Perth

Chester

Widnes

Newbury

Hastings

Chesterfield

Hereford

Barrow-in-Furness

Ashford

Horsham

Mansfield

Elgin

DORSET

HAMPSHIRE

WEST SUSSEXEAST SUSSEX

SURREY

OXFORDSHIRE

BUCKING-HAMSHIRE

HERTFORDSHIRE

ESSEX

NORTHAMPTON-SHIRE

CAMBRIDGESHIRE

SUFFOLK

NORFOLK

LEICESTERSHIRE

LINCOLNSHIRENOTTINGHAM-SHIRE

STAFFORDSHIRE

DERBYSHIRE

WARWICKSHIRE

GLOUCESTERSHIRE

KENT

DEVON

ISLESOF

SCILLY

CUMBRIA

NORTH YORKSHIRE

LANCASHIRE

WORCESTERSHIRE

SOMERSET

‘Road Investment Strategy’

Alongside the Autumn Statement on 3 December, the Government will publish its first Road Investment Strategy - a workplan for the Highways Agency as it is turned into a government-owned company. New road projects are being investigated all over the country for these plans.

Route StrategiesSince 2013, the Highways Agency has been reviewing all its roads via 18 Route (or ‘Route-Based’) Strategies.

Feasibility StudiesThe Department for Transport is also carrying out six major ‘Feasibility Studies’ looking at these cross-country routes:A303 to the west of EnglandA1 north of NewcastleA1 west of NewcastleA47 across NorfolkA27 on the south coastAcross the Pennines from Manchester to Sheffield

The Highways Agency’s budget for new roads will more than double between 2015 and 2020:

Broken trafficforecasts

Current road policies depend heavily on predictions of future traffic growth, but there is strong evidence that the Department for Transport’s traffic forecasts have overestimated demand since the 1980s, particularly for long-term predictions.The 1989 forecasts predicted growth from 1996 to 2012 of 37%. What actually materialised was just 13%

UK statistics for 2013 show that total car traffic is now the same as in 2003 and the annual distance driven per person was 13% higher in 1995 than in 2013.

Roads to nowhere

Five things to ask your parliamentary candidates:

● Do you agree that new roads create new traffic, and just fill up in the long term?

● Will you help invest more in road maintenance to tackle the huge backlog of potholes, rather than building new roads?

● Do you support a £3 billion green retrofit programme to reduce the community severance and environmental impact of main roads?

● Do you support spending at least £10 per person per year on investment in cycling?

● Will you help take urgent action to reduce air pollution in our towns and cities?

General Election 2015

2002 20202012 2015

£649m £1.0bn

£3.8bn

£1.5bn

£1.9bn

Highways Agency budget

ACTUAL TRAFFIC GB

ACTUAL TRAFFIC ENGLAND

1989 GB FORECAST (HIGH)

1989 GB FORECAST (LOW)

1997 GB FORECAST (HIGH)

1997 GB FORECAST (LOW)

2008 ENGLAND FORECAST

2009 ENGLAND FORECAST

2011 ENGLAND FORECAST

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 2025 2035

2003 = 100

Government forecasts vs actual road traffic

Chart first published in 'Due Diligence, Traffic Forecasts, and the Pension Infrastructure Programme' by Phil Goodwin, Local Transport Today, 13.4.2012Source data calculated by Mitchell, Stokes, Goodwin, IAM Motoring Facts, from DfT original sources.