robbins ch. 21-28 most commons list hightlights

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  • 8/22/2019 ROBBINS Ch. 21-28 Most Commons List Hightlights

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    ROBBINS'CH.'21-23'MOST'COMMONS'

    !

    Most!common!!

    Sarcoma!of!infancy/childhood!=!embryonal!rhabdomyosarcoma! Sarcoma!in!adult!bladder!=!leiomyosarcoma! Bacterial!epididymitis!!35!=!E.!coli!&!Pseudomonas! Testicular!tumor!of!infants!

    treatment!of!superficial!bladder!cancer!

    Testicular!germ!cell!tumor!=!seminoma! Vulvar!cancer!=!SCC! Cervical!cancer!=!SCC! 2nd!most!common!cervical!cancer!=!adenocarcinoma! Benign!metastasizing!leiomyoma!most!commonly!goes!to!the!lung! Cause!of!hematosalpinx!=!ectopic!pregnancy! CAQ125!=!80%!of!patients!w/!serous!&!endometrioid!tumors! Tumor!of!female!breast!=!fibroadenoma! NonQskin!malignancy!in!women!=!breast!carcinoma! 2nd!most!common!malignant!ovarian!tumor!of!germ!cell!origin!=!yolk!sac!tumor!

    o SchillerQDuval!bodies! ExtraQmullerian!tumors!that!are!metastatic!to!the!ovary!=!carcinomas!of!the!

    breast!and!GI!tract!

    Most!common!site!for!leiomyomas!=!intramural! Origin!for!ovarian!tumors!=!surface!epithelial!cells! Type!of!degenerative!change!seen!in!fibroids!=!Hyaline!Acellularity! 2nd!most!common!cause!of!cancer!related!to!deaths!in!women!=!breast!cancer! Benign!paratesticular!tumor!=!adenomatoid!tumor! Testicular!germ!cell!tumor!=!seminoma!

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    ROBBINS'Ch.'24-26'MOST'COMMONS'

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    MOST!COMMON!

    !

    Ch.'24'

    Cause!of!hyperpituitarism!=!pituitary!adenoma!in!the!anterior!lobe! 2nd!most!common!type!of!functioning!pituitary!adenoma!=!Growth!Hormone!Cell!

    Adenoma!

    Cause!of!hypothyroidism!in!iodineBsufficient!areas!of!world!=!autoimmune!hypothyroidism!

    Cause!of!thyroid!pain!=!Subacute!thyroiditis/Granulomatous!thyroiditis/De!Quervian!thyroiditis!

    Malignant!neoplasms!of!the!thyroid!=!papillary!carcinoma! Clinically!significant!congenital!anomaly!of!the!thyroid!=!thyroglossal!duct!cyst! cause!of!clinically!apparent!hypercalcemia!=!malignancy! cause!of!primary!hyperparathyroidism!=!solitary!parathyroid!adenoma! cause!of!secondary!hyperparathyroidism!=!renal!failure!

    !

    Ch.'25'

    type!of!melanoma!=!superficial!spreading! 2nd!most!common!tumor!on!sun!exposed!sites!in!older!people!=!SCC! invasive!cancer!in!humans!=!CC! fibrous!histiocytoma!=!dermatofibroma! Type!of!wart!=!verruca!vulgaris! Inflammatory!skin!disease!=!eczema!

    !Ch.'26'

    Disease!of!the!growth!plate!and!common!cause!of!dwarfism!=!achondroplasia! Lethal!form!of!dwarfism!=!thanatophoric!dwarfism! Primary!malignant!tumor!of!bone!=!osteosarcoma! enign!bone!tumor!=!osteochondroma! 2nd!most!common!malignant!matrix!producing!tumor!of!bone!=!chondrosarcoma! Osteosarcomas!are!most!frequently!located!=!about!the!knee! Chondrosarcomas!are!most!frequently!located!=!pelvis,!shoulder,!ribs! Form!of!skeletal!malignancy!=!metastasis! Soft!tissue!tumor!of!adulthood!=!lipoma! Soft!tissue!sarcoma!of!childhood!and!adolescence!=!rhabdomyosarcoma! Cutaneous!lesion!of!RA!=!rheumatoid!nodules! Mesenchymal!neoplasm!of!the!hand,!commonly!involving!tendon!sheaths!along!

    the!wrists!and!fingers!=!localized!tenosynovial!giantBcell!tumor!

    !

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    ROBBINS'Ch.'27'&'28'MOST'COMMONS'

    !

    Ch.'27:'

    Most!common!Types!of!nerves!involved!in!Peripheral!neuropathy!in!type!2!diabetes!=!distal!sensory!and!motor!nerves!

    2!most!common!forms!of!muscular!dystrophy!=!Duchennes!Muscular!Dystrophy!(DMD)!&!Beckers!Muscular!Dystrophy!(BMD)!

    paraneoplastic!disorder!most!commonly!associated!with!Small!Cell!Carcinoma!of!the!Lung!=!LambertFEaton!Myasthenic!Syndrome!

    !

    Ch.'28:'

    Most!common!microorganism(s)!that!cause!Acute!Pyogenic!Meningitis!in:!o NEONATES!=!E.!coli!&!group!B!Streptococcus!o INANTS!=!Streptococcus!pneumonia!o ADOLESCENTS!&!YOUNG!ADULTS!=!Neisseria!meningitides!o ELDERLY!=!Streptococcus!pneumonia!&!Listeria!monocytogenes!

    Most!common!location!of!Subdural!hemorrhages!=!beneath!the!dura!on!the!lateral!aspects!of!the!cerebral!hemispheres!

    Most!common!cause!of!subarachnoid!hemorrhage!=!berry!aneurysm!

    Lewy!bodies!are!most!commonly!associated!with!=!Parkinson!Disease! Most!common!group!of!primary!brain!tumors!=!gliomas!

    o Astrocytoma!o Oligodendroglioma!o Ependymoma!

    Most!common!primary!brain!tumor!in!adults!=!infiltrating!astrocytoma! Most!common!origin!of!brain!lymphomas!=!B!cell! Most!common!tumor!that!occurs!predominantly!in!children!and!exclusively!in!the!cerebellum!=!

    medulloblastoma!

    Most!common!cells!susceptible!to!Global!Cerebral!Ischemia!of!short!duration!=!!o Pyramidal&cells&in&CA1&of&hippocampus&o Purkinje&cells&of&the&cerebellum&o Cortical2Pyramidal2Neurons2

    Most!common!underlying!diseases!seen!with!saccular!aneurysms!=!2o Ehlers7Danlos&syndrome 2o Marfans&syndrome2o Neurofibromatosis&type&1 2o Polycystic&kidney&disease 2

    Most!common!characteristic(s)!of!Acute!Bacterial!Meningitis!=!2o Cloudy/Purulent!CS2o Exudate!w/in!the!leptomeninges!over!the!surface!of!the!brain2

    Most!common!pattern!of!Chronic!Bacterial!Meningoencephalitis!!Tuberculosis!=!Diffuse!meningoencephalitis2

    Most!common!species!that!cause!ungal!Meningoencephalitis!=!2o Candida!albicans 2o Mucor!species2o Asperguillus!fumigatus2o Cryptococcus!neoformans2

    Most!commonly!encountered!brain!invading!fungi!=!Candida!and!Cryptococcus2 Most!common!prion!disease!=!CreutzfeltFJakob!Disease!(CJD)2 Most!common!route!for!infectious!microbes!to!enter!the!nervous!system!=!hematogenous!

    spread2

    Most!common!route!CJD!is!transmitted!=!Sporadic2

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    Most!common!cause!of!hydrocephalus!=!the!obstruction!of!CSF!circulation!by!mechanisms2 Most!common!cause!of!thrombosis!=!atherosclerosis2 Most!frequent!sites!of!thrombotic!occlusion!=!carotid!bifurcation!and!middle!cerebral!artery2 Most!frequent!sight!of!embolic!occlusion!=!middle!cerebral!artery2 Most!common!cause!of!intracerebral!hemorrhage!=!hypertension2

    o Most!commonly!occurs!=!basal!ganglia/thalamus2 Most!common!demyelinating!disease!of!the!brain!=!multiple!sclerosis2 Most!important!cause!of!dementia!=!Alzheimer!disease2 Most!common!cause!of!parkinsonism!=!idiopathic!Parkinson!disease2 Most!common!primary!intracranial!neoplasm!=!glioblastoma!multiforme2 2nd!most!common!primary!intracranial!neoplasm!=!meningioma2 3rd!most!common!intracranial!neoplasm!=!schwannoma2