robbins--organizational behavior 15e (1)

8/11/2019 Robbins--Organizational Behavior 15e (1)

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Organizational Behavior, 15e (Robbins/Judge)

Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?

1) ________ are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible forattaining goals in organizations.

A) Assistants

B) Managers

C) SecretariesD) Interns

) Apprentices

Answer! B"planation! B) Managers are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are

responsible for attaining goals in organizations. #he$ %a&e decisions' allocate reso(rces' and get wor&

done b$ other people.age *ef! +' ,

-! /

Diffic(lt$! as$0(est. Categor$! Concept

-earning (tco%e! Disc(ss the factors infl(encing individ(al decision %a&ing in organizations

/) Sall$ Mitchell wor&s as a %anager at an environ%ental organization. She is c(rrentl$ wor&ing on aglobal war%ing proect and decides what tas&s related to creating awareness abo(t the iss(e need to be

done. In addition' she is also deciding which %e%bers of her tea% will wor& on engaging with the

p(blic and which will wor& on lobb$ing with the govern%ent. She is also assigning people as tea%%e%bers to ens(re that tas&s are (nderta&en on ti%e. 2hich of the following categories of f(nctions is

Mitchell (nderta&ing3

A) planningB) organizing

C) scr(tinizing

D) controlling) envisioning

Answer! B

"planation! B) Managers are responsible for designing an organization4s str(ct(re. #his f(nction is

called organizing. It incl(des deter%ining what tas&s are to be done' who is to do the%' how the tas&sare to be gro(ped' who reports to who%' and where decisions are to be %ade.

age *ef! ,

-! /AACSB! Anal$tic S&ills

Diffic(lt$! 5ard

0(est. Categor$! Application

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6) 7ohanna *eid' a ca%paign %anager at a child rights organization' recentl$ started wor&ing on an

illiterac$ proect. D(ring the proect' she needs to %otivate tea% %e%bers to attain their proect%ilestones and direct the% thro(gh different phases of the proect. 2hich of the following &inds of

f(nctions will these tas&s be covered (nder3

A) planningB) organizing

C) scr(tinizing

D) eval(ating

) leadingAnswer!

"planation! ) #he leading f(nction of %anagers involves %otivating e%plo$ees' directing their

activities' selecting the %ost effective co%%(nication channels' or resolving conflicts a%ong %e%bers.age *ef! ,

-! /

AACSB! Anal$tic S&illsDiffic(lt$! 5ard



8) -esle$ #orres is a proect %anager for the ca%paign 9Action against Deforestation in Indonesia9. Sherecentl$ faced a glitch when the ca%paign co(ld not be la(nched p(blicl$ according to sched(le. #orres

%onitored the sched(le to find the ca(se of the dela$' before speeding (p the i%ple%entation process b$allocating %ore %e%bers for the i%ple%entation phase. B$ doing this' which of the following f(nctions

is she perfor%ing3

A) controllingB) planning

C) for%(lating

D) leading) organizing

Answer! A

"planation! A) #o ens(re things are going as the$ sho(ld' %anage%ent %(st %onitor the organization4sperfor%ance and co%pare it with previo(sl$ set goals. If there are an$ significant deviations' it is

%anage%ent4s ob to get the organization bac& on trac&. #as&s which involve %onitoring' co%paring'

and potential correcting are part of the controlling f(nction.

age *ef! ,-! /

AACSB! Anal$tic S&ills

Diffic(lt$! 5ard0(est. Categor$! Application

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for>profit organization in 5a%pshire. ?or the

(pco%ing ca%paign against genetic engineering' she is networ&ing with %anagers who are wor&ing onthe iss(e of food safet$. #hro(gh her networ& of contacts' she strives to gain infor%ation abo(t the

sta&eholders in the food ind(str$ and other lobb$ gro(ps. 2hich of the following roles is =eorge %ost

li&el$ to be pla$ing according to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles3A) fig(rehead

B) leader

C) liaison

D) entreprene(r) reso(rce allocator

Answer! C

"planation! C) #he liaison role involves %aintaining a networ& of contacts who provide favors andinfor%ation.

age *ef! ,' ;

-! /AACSB! Anal$tic S&ills

Diffic(lt$! Moderate


@) Annette Si%pson wor&s for a fashion ho(se in aris and is preparing for the co%pan$4s (pco%ing lineof winter clothing. She is c(rrentl$ researching online to &now what is in vog(e this season. In addition'she is also networ&ing with contacts fro% the press and fashion %agazine editors to (nderstand the

changing tastes of cons(%ers. 2hich of the following roles is Si%pson pla$ing according to Mintzberg4s

classification of %anagerial roles3A) fig(rehead

B) leader

C) s$%bol headD) %onitor

) spo&esperson

Answer! D

"planation! D) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' the %onitor role co%prisescollecting infor%ation fro% e"ternal organizations and instit(tions' t$picall$ b$ scanning the news

%edia' tal&ing with other people to learn abo(t changes in the p(blic4s tastes' what co%petitors %a$ be

planning' and so forth.age *ef! ;

-! /

AACSB! Anal$tic S&illsDiffic(lt$! Moderate



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1) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' the role of an) ________ is to trans%it

infor%ation received fro% o(tsiders or fro% other e%plo$ees to %e%bers of the organization.A) entreprene(r

B) reso(rce allocator

C) spo&espersonD) leader

) disse%inator

Answer!

"planation! ) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' the role of a disse%inatoris to trans%it infor%ation received fro% o(tsiders or fro% other e%plo$ees to %e%bers of the

organization.

age *ef! ,';-! /

Diffic(lt$! as$

0(est. Categor$! Concept

11) #he role of an) ________' according to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' is to trans%itinfor%ation to o(tsiders abo(t an organization4s plans' policies' actions' and res(lts and one which

serves as an e"pert in the organization4s ind(str$.

A) spo&espersonB) dist(rbance handlerC) entreprene(r

D) leader

) liaisonAnswer! A

"planation! A) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' the role of a spo&esperson

is to trans%it infor%ation to o(tsiders abo(t an organization4s plans' policies' actions' and res(lts andone which serves as an e"pert in the organization4s ind(str$.

age *ef! ;

-! /


1/) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' an) ________ searches the organizationand its environ%ent for opport(nities and initiates proects to bring abo(t change.

A) spo&esperson

B) dist(rbance handlerC) entreprene(r

D) reso(rce allocator

) negotiatorAnswer! C

"planation! C) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' an entreprene(r searchesthe organization and its environ%ent for opport(nities and initiates proects to bring abo(t change.

age *ef! ;-! /

Diffic(lt$! as$


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16) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' the role of an) ________ is to %a&e or

approve significant organizational decisions and assign h(%an' ph$sical' and %onetar$ assets.A) disse%inator

B) liaison

C) entreprene(rD) reso(rce allocator

) entreprene(r

Answer! D

"planation! D) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' the role of a reso(rceallocator is to %a&e or approve significant organizational decisions and assign h(%an' ph$sical' and

%onetar$ assets.

age *ef! ;-! /

Diffic(lt$! as$

0(est. Categor$! Concept-earning (tco%e! Disc(ss the factors infl(encing individ(al decision %a&ing in organizations

18) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' which of the following is a &ind ofinterpersonal role3

A) %onitorB) disse%inator

C) spo&espersonD) entreprene(r

) liaison

Answer! "planation! ) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' the role of a liaison is a

&ind of interpersonal role which involves %aintaining a networ& of o(tside contacts who provide favors

and infor%ation.age *ef! ,' ;

-! /


1+) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' which of the following is a &ind ofdecisional role3

A) negotiator

B) disse%inatorC) liaison

D) spo&esperson

) %onitorAnswer! A

"planation! A) According to Mintzberg4s classification of %anagerial roles' the role of a negotiator is a&ind of decisional role which involves representing the organization at %aor negotiations.

age *ef! ;'

depth &nowledge abo(t the iss(e of global war%ing and its i%pact. n the other hand' -a(ra feels that

7essica wo(ld be perfect for the ob beca(se she has strong interpersonal s&ills. 2hich of the following'if tr(e' wo(ld wea&en -a(ra4s arg(%ent3

A) 7essica was (nable to fare well in the written test which anal$zed her concept(al s&ills.

B) 7essica listened intentl$ to the interviewers4 :(estions before answering the%.

C) 7essica was (nable to co%%(nicate clearl$ wh$ she was right for the ob.D) 7essica was ver$ friendl$ and co(rteo(s with the receptionist while greeting her.

) 7essica was high on confidence abo(t getting the ob beca(se of her strong networ&ing s&ills.

Answer! C"planation! C) #he abilit$ to (nderstand' co%%(nicate with' %otivate' and s(pport other people' both

individ(all$ and in gro(ps' defines h(%an s&ills. Man$ people are technicall$ proficient b(t poor

listeners' (nable to (nderstand the needs of others' or wea& at %anaging conflicts. If 7essica was (nableto co%%(nicate clearl$ wh$ she was right for the ob' it wea&ens -a(ra4s arg(%ent that 7essica has

strong interpersonal s&ills. 7essica being (nable to fare well in the written test which anal$zed her

concept(al s&ills does not indicate 7essica4s networ&ing s&ills' and th(s does not wea&en -a(ra4sarg(%ent. 7essica listening intentl$ to the interviewers4 :(estions before answering the% and greeting

the receptionist indicates that she had good interpersonal s&ills. #his strengthens -a(ra4s arg(%ent.7essica being high on confidence abo(t getting the ob beca(se of her strong networ&ing s&ills is

irrelevant to the arg(%ent.age *ef! based %anage%ent) nowledge %anage%ent

Answer! D"planation! D) #he basing of %anagerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence can be

ter%ed as evidence>based %anage%ent.age *ef! 11

-! 8


-earning (tco%e! Define organizational behavior and identif$ the variables associated with its st(d$

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66) ________ refers to a g(t feeling not necessaril$ s(pported b$ research.

A) Int(itionB) *easoning

C) *ationalit$

D) -ogic) Inference

Answer! A

"planation! A) A g(t feeling not necessaril$ s(pported b$ research is &nown as int(ition.

age *ef! 11-! 8

Diffic(lt$! as$


68) ________ see&s to %eas(re' e"plain' and so%eti%es change the behavior of h(%ans and other

ani%als.A) Meteorolog$

B) #heolog$

C) piste%olog$D) -e"icolog$

) s$cholog$Answer!

"planation! ) s$cholog$ see&s to %eas(re' e"plain' and so%eti%es change the behavior of h(%ansand other ani%als. #hose who have contrib(ted and contin(e to add to the &nowledge of B are learning

theorists' personalit$ theorists' co(nseling ps$chologists' and' %ost i%portant' ind(strial and

organizational ps$chologists.age *ef! 18

-! +



6+) 2hich of the following disciplines blends concepts fro% both ps$cholog$ and sociolog$ to foc(s on

people4s infl(ence on one another3

A) social ps$cholog$B) cos%olog$

C) paraps$cholog$

D) le"icolog$) eschatolog$

Answer! A

"planation! A) Social ps$cholog$' generall$ considered a branch of ps$cholog$' blends concepts fro%both ps$cholog$ and sociolog$ to foc(s on peoples4 infl(ence on one another. ne %aor st(d$ area is

change which involves how to i%ple%ent it and how to red(ce barriers to its acceptance.age *ef! 18

-! +Diffic(lt$! as$



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6,) 2hich of the following is a difference between sociolog$ and ps$cholog$3

A) Sociolog$ st(dies h(%ans and ani%als whereas ps$cholog$ foc(ses e"cl(sivel$ on h(%ans.B) Sociolog$ st(dies people in relation to their social c(lt(re whereas ps$cholog$ foc(ses on the

individ(al.

C) Sociolog$ incorporates research fro% social sciences' philosoph$' and nat(ral sciencesE ps$cholog$does not.

D) Sociolog$ (ses vario(s %ethods of e%pirical investigation whereas ps$cholog$ (ses li%ited critical

anal$ses.

) Sociolog$ (ses onl$ :(alitative techni:(es whereas ps$cholog$ (ses both :(alitative and :(antitativetechni:(es.

Answer! B

"planation! B) 2hile ps$cholog$ foc(ses on the individ(al' sociolog$ st(dies people in relation totheir social environ%ent or c(lt(re.

age *ef! 18

-! +Diffic(lt$! as$



6;) ________ is the st(d$ of societies to learn abo(t h(%an beings and their activities.A) Anthropolog$B) Deontolog$

C) piste%olog$

D) Agnotolog$) D$steleolog$

Answer! A

"planation! A) Anthropolog$ is the st(d$ of societies to learn abo(t h(%an beings and their activities.age *ef! 18

-! +

Diffic(lt$! as$

0(est. Categor$! Concept-earning (tco%e! Define organizational behavior and identif$ the variables associated with its st(d$

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6@) A(stin *eed is a grad(ate st(dent helping to organize a st(d$ on individ(al ob satisfaction. #he

st(d$ foc(ses on the top five ca(ses of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the ob. 5is depart%ent iss(rve$ing / individ(als in 1 different t$pes of organizations. A(stin is %ost li&el$ a grad(ate

st(dent in the depart%ent of ________.

A) ps$cholog$B) anthropolog$

C) political science

D) ento%olog$

) archaeolog$Answer! A

"planation! A) Beca(se A(stin4s st(d$ foc(ses on the ca(ses of individ(al ob satisfaction' he is %ost

li&el$ cond(cting the st(d$ thro(gh the depart%ent of ps$cholog$. s$cholog$ is defined as a thescience which see&s to %eas(re' e"plain' and so%eti%es change the behavior of h(%ans and it foc(ses

on the individ(al.

age *ef! 18-! +


Diffic(lt$! Moderate0(est. Categor$! Application

-earning (tco%e! Describe the co%ponents of h(%an reso(rce practices

8) Fo( are bringing together fac(lt$ fro% different behavioral disciplines to a(thor a new te"tboo& inorganizational behavior. *epresented are professors fro% ps$cholog$' sociolog$' social ps$cholog$'

anthropolog$' political science' and ind(strial engineering.2hich fac(lt$ %e%ber is %ost li&el$ to

f(rnish infor%ation abo(t personalit$' learning' and %otivation3A) sociolog$

B) ps$cholog$

C) anthropolog$D) political science

) ind(strial engineering

Answer! B"planation! B) s$cholog$ see&s to %eas(re' e"plain' and so%eti%es change the behavior of h(%ans

and other ani%als. s$cholog$4s foc(s on the individ(al has led to contrib(tions in the areas of learning'

personalit$' e%otions' %otivational forces' and %ore.

age *ef! 18-! +


Diffic(lt$! as$0(est. Categor$! Application


1,


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81) M$ria% is anal$zing the gender roles of %en and wo%en in %anage%ent in the Gnited States and

co%paring the% to the gender roles in %anage%ent in 7apan. She is s(rve$ing fift$ %ale and fift$fe%ale %anagers in each co(ntr$ to co%pare their dail$ behavior. M$ria%4s st(d$ e"e%plifies how

________ contrib(tes to B.

A) anthropolog$B) ps$cholog$

C) archaeolog$

D) political science

) corporate strateg$Answer! A

"planation! A) M$ria% is an anthropologist. M(ch of o(r c(rrent (nderstanding of organizational

c(lt(re' organizational environ%ents' and differences a%ong national c(lt(res is a res(lt of the wor& ofanthropologists or those (sing their %ethods.

age *ef! 18

-! +AACSB! Anal$tic S&ills


0(est. Categor$! Application-earning (tco%e! Define organizational behavior and identif$ the variables associated with its st(d$

8/) 2hich of the following is tr(e of contingenc$ variables3

A) #he$ refer to sit(ational factors that %oderate the relationship between two or %ore variables.B) #he$ %a&e si%ple' acc(rate' and sweeping generalizations abo(t concepts in organizational behavior.

C) #he$ indicate that ever$one is %otivated b$ %one$ and financial per&s.

D) #he$ refer to scientific factors which are based on (niversal tr(ths.) #he$ re%ain constant irrespective of an$ change in the environ%ent.

Answer! A

"planation! A) Contingenc$ variables refer to sit(ational factors that %oderate the relationshipbetween two or %ore variables.

age *ef! 1+

-! ,Diffic(lt$! as$


86) *a$%ond Ma$er is cond(cting a st(d$ on discri%ination against ca%paign activists based on

gender. In his st(d$' he noted that %ale e"ec(tives who visited Indonesian villages to pro%ote the (se of

renewable energ$ received a highl$ positive response. In contrast' wo%en who visited the sa%e villages'received an antagonistic response fro% the%. 5owever' Ma$er stated that his findings onl$ applied to

villages. In this st(d$' the presence of a village is considered a ________ variable.

A) globalB) general

C) dependentD) non>reactive

) contingenc$Answer!

"planation! ) Contingenc$ variables are variables that %oderate the relationship between two or %ore

variables. ?or e"a%ple' an B st(d$ can sa$ " leads to $' b(t onl$ (nder conditions specified in z.5(%ans are (npredictable in nat(re and th(s' all organizational behavior st(dies %(st have contingenc$

variables.

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age *ef! 1+

-! ,AACSB! Anal$tic S&ills


0(est. Categor$! Application-earning (tco%e! Define organizational behavior and identif$ the variables associated with its st(d$

88) ________ variables are variables that %oderate the relationship between two or %ore variables.

A) =lobalB) =eneral

C) Dependent

D) on>reactive) Contingenc$

Answer!

"planation! ) Contingenc$ variables are variables that %oderate the relationship between two or %orevariables. ?or e"a%ple' an B st(d$ can sa$ " leads to $' b(t onl$ (nder conditions specified in z.

5(%ans are (npredictable in nat(re and th(s' all organizational behavior st(dies %(st have contingenc$

variables.age *ef! 1+

-! ,Diffic(lt$! as$


8+) 2hich of the following is a res(lt of globalization3

A) organizations being bo(nd b$ national borders

B) lower prod(ction of goods in developing nationsC) highl$ ho%ogeneo(s wor&force

D) shared social val(e a%ong all c(lt(res

) obs %oving to nations with low>cost labor

Answer! "planation! ) In a global econo%$' obs tend to flow where lower costs give b(sinesses a co%parative

advantage' tho(gh labor gro(ps' politicians' and local co%%(nit$ leaders see the e"porting of obs as

(nder%ining the ob %ar&et at ho%e.age *ef! 1;

-! ;

AACSB! D$na%ics of the =lobal cono%$Diffic(lt$! as$


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8,) Managers who oversee the %ove%ent of obs to co(ntries with low>cost labor are %ost li&el$ to

________.A) provide poor c(sto%er service

B) face opposition fro% labor gro(ps

C) %anage a c(lt(rall$ ho%ogeneo(s wor&forceD) operate in niche %ar&ets

) lose co%petitive advantage b$ e"porting obs

Answer! B

"planation! B) In a global econo%$' obs tend to flow where lower costs give b(sinesses aco%parative advantage' tho(gh labor gro(ps' politicians' and local co%%(nit$ leaders see the e"porting

of obs as (nder%ining the ob %ar&et at ho%e. Managers face the diffic(lt tas& of balancing the

interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the co%%(nities in which the$ operate.age *ef! 1;

-! ;

AACSB! D$na%ics of the =lobal cono%$Diffic(lt$! as$


-earning (tco%e! "plain the effects of power and political behavior on organizations

8;) 7osh 2allace' a sales e"ec(tive' has recentl$ been pro%oted to the position of sales %anager atS$nerg$ Corporation Ban&. 5e has in the past gained a strong trac& record of %a&ing the highestn(%ber of sales in his branch. D(ring his first few %onths as a %anager' he reg(larl$ appreciated and

ac&nowledged the tea%4s efforts beca(se he &new that it was the driving force behind high perfor%ance.

5owever' the co%pan$ has recentl$ e"pressed its dissatisfaction with 7osh4s tea% as it has consistentl$failed to %eet the sales targets of the branch. 2hich of the following' if tr(e' wo(ld best e"plain this

sit(ation3

A) #he ban& had an e"isting list of contacts which was shared with the tea%.B) #he tea% was allotted areas with fa%ilies fro% high inco%e gro(ps.

C) #here has been a sharp rise in the co(ntr$4s citizens4 p(rchasing power.

D) 7osh had prior e"perience in leading large sales tea%s.

) #he tea% was %otivated b$ e"trinsic factors instead of intrinsic factors.Answer!

"planation! ) 2hile wor&ing with people fro% different c(lt(res' it is i%portant to (nderstand that

what %otivates one %a$ not %otivate another. In addition' one4s co%%(nication st$le %a$ bestraightforward and open' which others %a$ find (nco%fortable and threatening. #o wor& effectivel$

with people fro% different c(lt(res' one needs to (nderstand how their c(lt(re' geograph$' and religion

have shaped the% and how to adapt one4s %anage%ent st$le to their differences. #he tea% being%otivated b$ e"trinsic factors instead of intrinsic factors which 7osh (sed e"plains wh$ 7osh4s tea% was

not %otivated eno(gh to perfor% well. If the ban& had an e"isting list of contacts which was shared with

the tea% wo(ld wor& against the arg(%ent beca(se it wo(ld' to an e"tent' help the tea% perfor% well. Inaddition' the tea% being allotted areas with fa%ilies fro% high inco%e gro(ps' a sharp rise in the

co(ntr$4s citizens4 p(rchasing power' and 7osh having had prior e"perience in leading large sales tea%sare all li&el$ to help the tea% perfor% well and do not e"plain wh$ the$ failed consistentl$ to %eet the

sales targets of the branch.age *ef! 1;

-! ;

AACSB! *eflective #hin&ingDiffic(lt$! 5ard

0(est. Categor$! Critical #hin&ing

-earning (tco%e! Disc(ss the infl(ence of c(lt(re on organizational behavior

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+) ight$ percent of the e%plo$ees in the Gnited States wor& toda$ in ________ obs.

A) te"tileB) %ilitar$

C) %ining

D) research) service

Answer!

"planation! ) #oda$' the %aorit$ of e%plo$ees in developed co(ntries wor& in service obs'

incl(ding service obs

C) have fewer wor&ing ho(rs than other obsD) re:(ire ver$ little ob &nowledge co%pared to other obs

) provide %ore per&s and benefits to e%plo$eesAnswer! A

"planation! A) #he co%%on characteristic of service obs is s(bstantial interaction with anorganization4s c(sto%ers.

age *ef! 1%ail' file transfers' and theli&e

B) retaining tea% %e%bers who can easil$ %ove to another e%plo$er when de%and for their services

changesC) %anaging contract and te%porar$ wor&ers

D) %aintaining a 9virt(al office9 thro(gh the (se of co%p(ters' interoffice networ&s' and the Internet

) %anaging people who wor& together b(t are geographicall$ separated

Answer! "planation! ) etwor&ed organizations allow people to co%%(nicate and wor& together even tho(gh

the$ %a$ be tho(sands of %iles apart. Motivating and %anaging people online re:(ires different

techni:(es than when individ(als are ph$sicall$ present in a single location.age *ef! /1

-! ;

Diffic(lt$! Moderate0(est. Categor$! Concept

+;) Christopher *ichardson wor&s as a graphic designer in S$dne$. 5e often coordinates withcolleag(es wor&ing in =er%an$. In addition' he interacts with clients across the globe. 2hich of the

following is %ost li&el$ to facilitate his co%%(nications with clients and colleag(es3A) ergono%ic c(bicle

B) lateral thin&ingC) sense%a&ing

D) s$ste%s thin&ing

) networ&ed organizationAnswer!

"planation! ) etwor&ed organizations allow people to co%%(nicate and wor& together even tho(gh

the$ %a$ be tho(sands of %iles apart. Motivating and %anaging people online re:(ires differenttechni:(es than when individ(als are ph$sicall$ present in a single location.

age *ef! /' /1

-! ;Diffic(lt$! Moderate


-earning (tco%e! Describe the factors infl(encing effective co%%(nication in organizations

+life conflicts3

A) global organizationsB) sense%a&ing

C) privatization of essential ind(stries

D) downshifting) (se of self>%anaged tea%s

Answer! A"planation! A) Creation of global organizations %eans that the world never sleeps. #his affects

e%plo$ees4 wor&>life balance.age *ef! /1

-! ;


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+@) 2hich of the following is tr(e of positive organizational scholarship3

A) It involves %onitoring negative practices in organizations and rectif$ing the%.B) It deals with how e%plo$ees sho(ld anal$ze wea&nesses and convert the% into strengths.

C) It st(dies how organizations develop h(%an strengths' foster vitalit$' and (nloc& potential.

D) It dwells on li%itations that an organization faces and how it can t(rn the% into opport(nities.) It involves scr(tinizing loopholes in organizational practices and filling gaps in processes.

Answer! C

"planation! C) ositive organizational scholarships st(d$ how organizations develop h(%an strengths'

foster vitalit$ and resilience' and (nloc& potential. So%e &e$ independent variables in positive Bresearch are engage%ent' hope' opti%is%' and resilience in the face of strain.

age *ef! //

-! ;Diffic(lt$! as$


-earning (tco%e! Describe the %aor theories of %otivation and relate the% to organizationalperfor%ance

,) ________ is a &e$ independent variable in positive organizational behavior research.

A) ngage%ent

B) Apath$C) DespairD) Constraint

) essi%is%

Answer! A"planation! A) ositive organizational scholarships st(d$ how organizations develop h(%an strengths'

foster vitalit$ and resilience' and (nloc& potential. So%e &e$ independent variables in positive B

research are engage%ent' hope' opti%is%' and resilience in the face of strain.age *ef! //

-! ;

Diffic(lt$! as$


,1) #he concept of 9reflected best>self9 involves ________.A) foc(sing on eli%inating shortco%ings to bring o(t the best in oneself

B) %a&ing e%plo$ees aware of their wea&nesses and rectif$ing the%

C) observing and %onitoring drawbac&s of a tea% and then increasing their efficienc$ with the help ofade:(ate training

D) as&ing e%plo$ees to thin& abo(t when the$ were at their personal best in order to e"ploit their

strengths.) st(d$ing ind(str$>wide best practices and then i%ple%enting it

Answer! D"planation! D) ositive organizational scholars have st(died a concept called 9reflected best>self9

as&ing e%plo$ees to thin& abo(t when the$ were at their 9personal best9 in order to (nderstand how toe"ploit their strengths.

age *ef! //

-! ;Diffic(lt$! as$


-earning (tco%e! Describe the co%ponents of h(%an reso(rce practices

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,/) 2hich of the following is an e"a%ple of an ethical dile%%a3

A) Sho(ld I wor& e"tra ho(rs to co%plete %$ assign%ent3B) Sho(ld I e>%ail %$ %anager abo(t :(eries on the proect3

C) Sho(ld I disc(ss with the %anage%ent abo(t per&s being offered3

D) Sho(ld I as& %$ %anager for leave d(ring Christ%as3) Sho(ld I pla$ politics to advance %$ career3

Answer!

"planation! ) %plo$ees are increasingl$ facing ethical dile%%as and ethical choices in which the$

are re:(ired to identif$ right and wrong cond(ct.age *ef! //

-! ;

AACSB! thical Gnderstanding and *easoning AbilitiesDiffic(lt$! as$


,6) An) ________ is an abstraction of realit$' a si%plified representation of so%e real>world

pheno%enon.

A) %odelB) inp(t

C) processD) o(tco%e

) obectiveAnswer! A

"planation! A) A %odel is an abstraction of realit$' a si%plified representation of so%e real>world

pheno%enon.age *ef! /6

-! ho(se advisors

who can be contacted anon$%o(sl$.Answer! #*G

"planation! Managers and their organizations are responding to the proble% of (nethical behavior in a

n(%ber of wa$s. #he$ are writing and distrib(ting codes of ethics to g(ide e%plo$ees thro(gh ethicaldile%%as. #he$ are offering se%inars' wor&shops' and other training progra%s to tr$ to i%prove ethical

behaviors. #he$ are also providing in>ho(se advisors who can be contacted' in %an$ cases anon$%o(sl$'

for assistance in dealing with ethical iss(es.

age *ef! /6-! ;

Diffic(lt$! as$


@8) #he discretionar$ behavior that is not part of an e%plo$ee4s for%al ob re:(ire%ents' and that

contrib(tes to the ps$chological and social environ%ent of the wor&place' is called cohesive behavior.Answer! ?A-S

"planation! #he discretionar$ behavior that is not part of an e%plo$ee4s for%al ob re:(ire%ents' and

that contrib(tes to the ps$chological and social environ%ent of the wor&place' is called citizenshipbehavior.

age *ef! /;-! selection techni:(es' wor& design' and ob stress. Sociolog$ st(dies people inrelation to their social environ%ent or c(lt(re. #he greatest contrib(tions b$ sociologists have been in

the st(d$ of gro(p behavior in organizations' organizational c(lt(re' for%al organization theor$ and

str(ct(re' organizational technolog$' co%%(nications' power' and conflict.age *ef! 18

-! +Diffic(lt$! Moderate


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1,) Co%pare and contrast the fields of ps$cholog$' social ps$cholog$' and sociolog$.

Answer! All three fields deal with h(%an behavior. 2hile ps$cholog$ foc(ses on the individ(al'sociolog$ st(dies people in relation to their social environ%ent or c(lt(re. Social ps$cholog$ blends

concepts fro% both ps$cholog$ and sociolog$' tho(gh it is generall$ considered a branch of ps$cholog$.

It foc(ses on people4s infl(ence on one another. #h(s' it co(ld be said that social ps$cholog$ fallsbetween the e"tre%es of the individ(al foc(s of ps$cholog$ and the large gro(p foc(s of sociolog$.

age *ef! 18

-! +

Diffic(lt$! Moderate0(est. Categor$! S$nthesis


1;) 2h$ do onl$ a few absol(tes appl$ to organizational behavior3

Answer! 5(%an beings are co%ple"' and few' if an$' si%ple and (niversal principles e"plainorganizational behavior. Since we are not ali&e' o(r abilit$ to %a&e si%ple' acc(rate' and sweeping

generalizations is li%ited. ?or instance' two people often act ver$ differentl$ in the sa%e sit(ation' and

the sa%e person4s behavior changes in different sit(ations. ot ever$one is %otivated b$ %one$' andpeople %a$ behave differentl$ at a religio(s service than the$ do at a part$. #hat does not %ean' of

co(rse' that we cannot offer reasonabl$ acc(rate e"planations of h(%an behavior or %a&e valid

predictions. It does %ean that B concepts %(st reflect sit(ational' or contingenc$' conditions.age *ef! 18' 1+-! ,



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1@) Most %anagers and e%plo$ees toda$ wor& in a cli%ate best characterized as 9te%porar$.9 "plain.

Answer! =lobalization' e"panded capacit$' and advances in technolog$ have re:(ired organizations tobe fast and fle"ible if the$ are to s(rvive. #he res(lt is that %ost %anagers and e%plo$ees toda$ wor& in

a cli%ate best characterized as 9te%porar$.9 2or&ers %(st contin(all$ (pdate their &nowledge and s&ills

to perfor% new ob re:(ire%ents. In the past' e%plo$ees were assigned to a specific wor& gro(p' gaininga considerable a%o(nt of sec(rit$ wor&ing with the sa%e people da$ in and da$ o(t. redictabilit$ has

been replaced b$ te%porar$ wor& gro(ps and the increased (se of e%plo$ee rotation to fill constantl$

changing wor& assign%ents. ?inall$' organizations the%selves are in a state of fl(". #he$ contin(all$

reorganize their vario(s divisions' sell off poorl$ perfor%ing b(sinesses' downsize operations's(bcontract noncritical services and operations to other organizations' and replace per%anent e%plo$ees

with te%porar$ wor&ers. #oda$4s %anagers and e%plo$ees %(st learn to cope with te%porariness'

fle"ibilit$' spontaneit$' and (npredictabilit$.age *ef! /

-! ;

Diffic(lt$! Moderate0(est. Categor$! Concept

-earning (tco%e! "plain how to %anage resistance to change

11) 2hat concl(sions can $o( draw abo(t t(rnover if an e%plo$er strives to find balance in wor&>life

conflicts3 5ow can the e%plo$er find this balance and still have prod(ctive e%plo$ees3Answer! Since wor& is constantl$ infringing on people4s lives' so%e e%plo$ers %a&e efforts to find

balance in the wor&>life conflict. ?or e"a%ple' if a ob re:(ires a lot of travel ti%e awa$ fro% the fa%il$'when the travel assign%ent is done' the e%plo$er co(ld allow the e%plo$ee to wor& fro% ho%e several

da$s to be able to spend %ore ti%e with the fa%il$. Allowing fle"ible sched(les and co%pli%entar$ ti%e

off for overti%e wor&ed gives an e%plo$ee ti%e to rec(perate what was lost to wor&' th(s increasing obsatisfaction and %ost li&el$ decreasing t(rnover. #(rnover is the vol(ntar$ and invol(ntar$ per%anent

withdrawal fro% an organization. A high t(rnover rate res(lts in increased recr(iting' selection' and

training costs' which are :(ite significant. Altho(gh it %ight appear that the e%plo$er is losingprod(ctivit$ b$ allowing fle"ible ti%e and balance in wor&>life conflicts' he is act(all$ increasing

prod(ctivit$ beca(se he isn4t training new e%plo$ees d(e to red(ced t(rnover' and e%plo$ees with high

ob satisfaction are %ore prod(ctive.age *ef! /1' //

-! ;



111) 2hat is withdrawal behavior3 "plain.Answer! 2ithdrawal behavior is the set of actions that e%plo$ees ta&e to separate the%selves fro% the

organization. #here are %an$ for%s of withdrawal' ranging fro% showing (p late or failing to attend

%eetings to absenteeis% and t(rnover. %plo$ee withdrawal can have a ver$ negative effect on anorganization. #he cost of e%plo$ee t(rnover alone has been esti%ated to r(n into the tho(sands of

dollars' even for entr$>level positions. Absenteeis% also costs organizations significant a%o(nts of%one$ and ti%e ever$ $ear. 2ithdrawal behavior %a$ res(lt in the wor& flow being disr(pted' and

i%portant decisions being dela$ed. In toda$4s changing world of wor&' reasonable levels of e%plo$ee>initiated t(rnover i%prove organizational fle"ibilit$ and e%plo$ee independence' and the$ can lessen the

need for %anage%ent>initiated la$offs.

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age *ef! /;

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robbins--organizational behavior 15e (1)

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