robert kosara, helwig hauser 1infovis star the state of the art in information visualization robert...

Robert Kosara, Helwig Hauser 1InfoVis STAR

TheState of the Art

inInformation Visualization

Robert Kosara, Helwig Hauser


OverviewTaxonomyInteractionMethod Types 1D Methods 2D Methods nD Methods Trees

InfoVis and SciVisUser StudiesFuture of InfoVis

Networks/Graphs Temporal Data Text Software


Taxonomy

Most important and most difficult problem

The classic: Shneiderman:VL:1996

Problems: Primarily targets data types (not tasks!) Mixes data and visual dimensions

(cone trees are 3D?!) Strange classifications (text is 1D?!) Does not account for use of visualization

A different taxonomy is needed


Our Taxonomy

Oriented at use of the data Presentation of the data How people work with the method Available interaction methods

One method possibly in several categories


Interaction

Focus+Context (F+C) Distortion-oriented Magic lenses/Toolglasses In-Place A general(ly good) idea

Multiple Views

Linking&Brushing (L&B)


Provide more space for important parts– but don‘t lose context

Methods: Fisheye Views (Furnas:SIGCHI:1986)

Perspective Wall (Mackinlay:CHI:1991)

Document lens (Robertson:UIST:1993)

Etc. Review and Taxonomy (Leung:TCHI:1994)

F+C: Distortion-oriented


F+C: Magic Lenses

Provide more/other information for objects on screen

Several similar techniques

Methods: 2D Taxonomy (Bier:CHI:1994)

3D (Viega:UIST:1996)

F+C Screen (Baudisch:UIST:2001)


F+C: In-Place

Point the user at important objects – use different style, color, etc. for F+C

Methods: GeoSpace (Lokuge:CHI:1995)

Cheops (Beaudoin:Vis:1996)

Semantic Depth of Field (SDOF) (Kosara:InfoVis:2001)


Multiple Views

Different views on the same data (Baldonado:AVI:2000, North:HCS:2000)

Provide More and Different information Interaction Focus+Context


Linking&Brushing (L&B)

Brush data values in one view

See the same values highlighted in other view (linking)(Becker:Technometrics:1987)

Different kinds of brushing (Wills:InfoVis:1996)


1D Methods

Essentially linear work with data of any dimensionality or structure

Methods Table Lens (Rao:CHI:1994)

+ Multiple focal levels (Tenev:InfoVis:1997)

SuperTable + Scatterplot (Klein:IV:2002)

LensBar (Masui:InfoVis:1998)


2D Methods

Overlapping scalar fields and GIS

Scalar fields Map with bars (Healey:TVCG:1999)

Enridged contour maps (Wijk:Vis:2001) Oriented texture slivers (Weigle:GI:2000)

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) GeoSpace (Lokuge:CHI:1995)

Macroscope (Lieberman:UIST:1994)

Etc.


High-Dimensional („nD“) Methods

Data is High-Dimensional Unstructured

Different Types of Methods Glyphs Non-Orthogonal display Projections and selections Interaction-rich methods


nD: Glyphs

Encode data in the features of an object

Methods Chernoff faces (Chernoff:AmStat:1973)

Emphatic Visualization Algorithm (Loizides:IV:2002)

Cardiovascular data (Agutter:InfoVis:2001)

Shapes (Ebert:CG:2000)

Stick Figures (Pickett:SMC:1988)


nD: Non-Orthogonal Display

Display dimensions non-orthogonally

Methods: Parallel coordinates (Inselberg:InfoVis:1999)

Angular Brushing (Hauser:InfoVis:2002)

Higher order PCs (Theisel:CGF:1998)

Star plot (Chambers:1983)

Circle Segments (Ankerst:Vis:1996)

Sunflower (Rose:InfoVis:1999)


nD: Projections and Selections

Reduce the dimensionality by projection and selection

Methods: Scatterplot matrix (Cleveland:1985)

Hyperslice (Wijk:Vis:1993),Hypercell (Santos:VisSym:2002)

Dimensional stacking (LeBlanc:Vis:1990)

Prosection Views (Furnas:JCGS:1994),Prosection Matrix (Spence:InfoVis:1995)


nD: Interaction-rich Methods

Interaction-intensive methods for nD

Methods: Worlds within worlds (Feiner:UIST:1990)

Reorderable Matrix (Bertin:1981, Siirtola:IV:1999)

Advizor (Eick:TVCG:2000)


Hierarchical (Tree) Data

Very common in literature

Special Case of graphs – but separate methods make sense

Different Methods Side View Top View


Trees: Side View

Show the branch structure of the tree

Methods Cone and cam trees (Robertson:CHI:1991)

Generalized cone trees (Jeong:InfoVis:1998)

Cylindrical trees (Dachselt:InfoVis:2001)

Pyramids (Andrews:IV:2002)

AsbruView (Kosara:AIMJ:2001)

Botanical tree vis (Wijk:InfoVis:2001)


Trees: Top View

Space-filling trees

Methods Treemap (Shneiderman:ToG:1992)

Squarified treemap (Bruls:VisSym:2000)

Ordered treemap layout (Shneiderman:InfoVis:2001)

Quantum/Bubble treemap (Bederson:UIST:2001)

Cushion treemap (Wijk:InfoVis:1999)


Network (Graph) Data

Directed and undirected graphs, computer networks

Methods: Graph drawing survey (Herman:TVCG:2000)

H3 (Munzner:InfoVis:1997)

Circles (Yee:InfoVis:2001)

MBone (Munzner:InfoVis:1996)

SeeNet (Becker:TVCG:1996)


Temporal Data

Record past and plan the future

Past: Spirals (Alexa:InfoVis:2001)

Cluster & calendar (Wijk:InfoVis:1999)

Future: SOPOs (Rit:AAAI:1986)

AsbruView (Kosara:AIMJ:2001)


Textual Data

Why text is more than one-dimensional

Methods: SPIRE (Wise:InfoVis:1995)

ThemeRiver (Havre:TVCG:2002)

Shape-based (Rohrer:CGA:1999)

Galaxy of news (Rennison:UIST:1994)


Show structure of program, support software testing

Methods: Seesoft (Eick:TSE:1992, Ball:Computer:1996)

Program testing (Eagan:InfoVis:2001)

InfoBUG (Chuah:InfoVis:1997)

Program structure (Telea:VisSym:2002)

Software Visualization


InfoVis and SciVis

Support and enhance SciVis with InfoVis

Examples: WEAVE (Gresh:Vis:2000)

3D transfer functions (Kniss:Vis:2001)

Smooth brushing (Doleisch:WSCG:2002)


Perception, User Studies

Find out how effective a method is

Papers: 2D vs. 3D (Robertson:UIST:1998, Smallman:CGA:2001,

Tavanti:InfoVis:2001, Cockburn:CHI:2002)

SDOF-Study (Kosara:VisSym:2002)

„Which Blair Project“ (Rogowitz:Vis:2001)

Reorderable matrix study (Siirtola:IV:1999)

Tree visus (Barlow:InfoVis:2001)


The Future of InfoVis

Large Data Fast Visually effective

More integration of different methods

More interaction in methods

More perception, cognition, studies

InfoVis as secondary task

robert kosara, helwig hauser 1infovis star the state of the art in information visualization robert...

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