robotics in medicine

ROBOTICS IN MEDICINE


What is the meaning of Robot ?

Why Robots in medicine ?

Biomedical engineering.

Diagnosing diseases.

Artificial limb.

Tele-surgery.

Robots in other fields of medicine.

The future..


What is the meaning of Robot ?Why Robots in medicine ?Biomedical engineering.


Artificial limb.Tele-surgery.


The future..Presented By: Ahmed El-Ziky

INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS

ManandMachines.

ManandRobots.

HumanoidVS.SpecializedRobots.

Manandmachinegobackalongtimeago.Manalwaysusedtoinventmachinestomakehisworkeasier.Sotheideawasthatmanmakesmachinestomakehislifeeasier.

ROBOT DEFINITION

Arobotcanbedefinedasaprogrammable,selfcontrolleddeviceconsistingofelectronic,electrical,ormechanicalunits.

Robots,unlikehumans,theynevergettired;theycanendurephysicalconditionsthatareuncomfortableorevendangerous;theycanoperateinairlessconditions;theydonotgetboredbyrepetition;andtheycannotbedistractedfromthetaskathand.

BEFORE 1900 :

270BCanancientGreekengineernamedCtesibus madeorgansandwaterclockswithmovablefigures.

OneofthefirstrobotsdevelopedwasbyLeonardoDa Vinciin1495;amechanicalarmoredknightthatwasusedtoamuseroyalty

LEONARDO DA VINCIPolymath:scientist,mathematician,engineer,inventor,anatomist,painter,sculptor,architect,botanist,musicianandwriter.

AFTER 1900 :

Sotheideaofarobotisnotnew.Forthousandsofyearsmanhasbeenimaginingintelligentmechanizeddevicesthatperformhumanliketasks.Hehasbuiltautomatictoysandmechanismsandimaginedrobotsindrawings,books,playsandsciencefictionmovies.

1818 MaryShelleywrote"Frankenstein"whichwasaboutafrighteningartificiallifeformcreatedbyDr.Frankenstein.

1921 Theterm"robot"wasfirstusedinaplaycalled"R.U.R."or"Rossum'sUniversalRobots"bytheCzechwriterKarel Capek.Theplotwassimple:manmakesrobotthenrobotkillsman

1941 SciencefictionwriterIsaacAsimovfirstusedtheword"robotics"todescribethetechnologyofrobotsandpredictedtheriseofapowerfulrobotindustry.

1942 Asimovwrote"Runaround",astoryaboutrobotswhichcontainedthe"ThreeLawsofRobotics"

1956 GeorgeDevol andJosephEngelberger formedtheworld'sfirstrobotcompany.

1963 Thefirstartificialroboticarmtobecontrolledbyacomputerwasdesigned.TheRanchoArmwasdesignedasatoolforthehandicappedandit'ssixjointsgaveittheflexibilityofahumanarm.

1969 TheStanfordArmwasthefirstelectricallypowered,computercontrolledrobotarm.

1979 TheStanfordCartcrossedachairfilledroomwithouthumanassistance.ThecarthadaTVcameramountedonarailwhichtookpicturesfrommultipleanglesandrelayedthemtoacomputer.Thecomputeranalyzedthedistancebetweenthecartandtheobstacles.

Makingahumanlikerobotwithhumancapabilitiesmaybegoodforashoworforsimplehumaninteractionbutnotforrealworldproblems

Thereare6.5billionshumanintheworld Itissomehowuselesstomakearobotwiththesamecapabilities.

Somanredirectedhimselftospecializedrobots

FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATIONS:

Inindustry:

Inspace:

Inwar:

...andinmedicine:


Why Robots in medicine ?Biomedical engineering.


Artificial limb.

Tele-surgery.

Production of medicine.

The future..Presented By: Ahmed Saeed

A BIT OF HISTORY

Therobotshavemanyabilitiesthatcanbeveryusefulinthefieldofmedicine

ROBOTS : WHAT CAN THEY DO?

1-Tasks with a complex geometry 2-Third hand 3-Carry or hold heavy tools 4-Remote action 5-Motion and force augmentation or scaling 6-Force controlled actions 7-Intra-body tasks 8-Tasks on moving targets

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTS

There are several ways to classify the use of robots in medicine, the role of robots as tools that can work cooperatively with physicians to carry out surgical interventions and identifies five classes ofsystems :

1-Intern replacements 2-Telesurgical systems3-Navigational aids 4-Precise positioning systems 5-Precise path systems

TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES

Whileanumberofdifferentclinicalareasarebeingexplored,thefieldofmedicalroboticsisstillinitsinfancyandwearejustatthebeginningofthisera.Onlyahandfulofcommercialcompaniesexistandthenumberofmedicalrobotssoldeachyearisverysmall.Partofthereasonforthisisthatthemedicalenvironmentisaverycomplexoneandtheintroductionofnewtechnologyisdifficult.

inaddition,thecompletionofamedicalroboticsprojectrequiresapartnershipbetweenengineersandclinicianswhishisnoteasytoestablish


Biomedical engineering.


Artificial limb.

Tele-surgery.


The future..Presented By: Ahmed El-Sayed

MEDICAL DEVICES

A medical device is intended for use in: the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention

of disease, intended to affect the structure or any function

of the body of man or other animals, and which does not achieve any of its primary intended purposes through chemical action and which is not dependent upon being metabolized for the achievement of any of its primary intended purposes.

Some examples include pacemakers, infusion pumps, the heart-lung machine, dialysis machines, artificial organs, implants, artificial limbs, corrective lenses, cochlear implants, ocular prosthetics, facial prosthetics, somatoprosthetics, and dental implants.1

Stereolithography is a practical example on how medical modeling can be used to create physical objects. Beyond modeling organs and the human body, emerging engineering techniques are also currently used in the research and development of new devices for innovative therapies, treatments, patient monitoring, and early diagnosis of complex diseases.`

Young child using a prosthetic arm.

Pressure Mapping System

Multi-joints Dynamometer

MRI

MRIorMagneticResonanceImagingisarelativelynewtechnologythatisrevolutionizingseveralfields.Thismethodofscanningwasdevelopedprimarilyforuseinmedicinebutithasalsobeenusedtostudyfossilsandhistoricalartefacts.Earlydoctorswereonlyabletogatherdataaboutapatientthroughobservationandrudimentarytests.XRays provideddoctorswithoneofthefirstwaysofpeeringwithin alivingperson.TheMRIisoneoftheexcitingsuccessorstotheXRay.

Earlierimagingtechnologies,suchasXrays,wereabletodetectdensetissues,particularlybones.MRIsgivedoctorstheabilitytoviewallsortsofbodystructuresincludingsofttissues.

MRIsarefrequentlyusedtodetectcancersthatwouldotherwisebedifficulttodiagnose,suchas mesothelioma. Theabilitytodetectcancersattheirearlystageshasbroughtthesescannerstotheforefrontofthebattleagainstmanydiseases.It is generallybelievedthatpatientsarenotharmedbyundergoingtheproceduresinceMRIsdonotuseradiation.Therearenotanysideeffects,butpatientswith pacemakers orothermetallicimplantsarenoteligibleforthesescans.

Bioengineershelptranslatehumanorganssuchas theheartintothousandsofmathematicalequationsandmillionsofdatapointswhichthenrunascomputersimulations.Theresultisavisualsimulationthatlooksandbehavesmuchliketherealheartitmimics.

Whatdobiomedicalengineersdo?

Perhapsasimplerquestiontoansweriswhatdontbiomedicalengineersdo?Biomedicalworkinindustry,academicengineersinstitutions,hospitalsandgovernmentagencies.Biomedicalengineersmayspendtheirdaysdesigningelectricalcircuitsandcomputersoftwareformedicalinstrumentation.

Theseinstrumentsmayrangefromlargeimagingsystemssuchasconventionalxray,computerizedtomography(asortofcomputerenhanced threedimensionalxray)andmagneticresonanceimaging,tosmallimplantabledevices,suchaspacemakers,cochlearimplantsanddruginfusionpumps.Biomedicalengineersmayusechemistryphysics,mathematicalmodelsandcomputersimulationtodevelopnewdrugtherapy.

Worldssmallestrobotichandtoaidmicrosurgery

WORLDS SMALLEST ROBOTIC HAND TO AID MICROSURGERY

AprototypemodeloftheJapansmicromedicalrobotwaspublishedthatcouldstayandmoveinthehumanbodytoeliminatedisease,especiallycancer.Now,UCLASchoolofEngineering lab hasdevelopedaworldssmallestrobotichandtoperformamicrosurgery thatisonemillimeter wideandcanconvenientlypicktinyobjectsfrombody.


Diagnosing diseases

Artificial limb.

Tele-surgery.


The future..Presented By: Ahmed El-Morsy

In the past, Diseases were diagnosed byobserving the symptoms of the diseaseson the patients but It wasnt an efficientway for diagnosing all diseases.

ANALYSIS & IMAGING

Analysis AndImaging hasbecomethemorecommonwayfordiagnosingdiseasesforatime

Itisanefficientwaytodiagnosesomediseasesbeforeitseffectstrike orappear.

But..Itcantdiagnosesomeotherdiseasessuchasmentaldiseases.

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Itwasthefirstdevicedirectedthescientiststothinkingaboutusingrobotsindiagnosingdiseases.

DIAGNOSING DISEASES USING ROBOTS

Capsule Robots

Worm Robots

CAPSULE ROBOTS

Itisusedforexaminingtheinternalorganswithoutperformingsurgeriesbyinstallingstoppingpointsordelayingmoving atacertainexaminationposition.

Ithasacamera forexaminingtheinternalorgans.

CAPSULE ROBOTS

Itstopsaccordingtoastopcontrolsignalinputtedfromoutsideofahumanbody,whereinthestoppingmeansstopsordelaysmovingofthebodybyhanging ontheinternalwalloftheinternalorgans.

CAPSULE ROBOTS

Itisgoodinexaminingthesmallintestine bytransmittinginformationreceivedfromacamera unitofcapsulerobottooutsideofahumanbodythroughawireless transmissionmodule

Butitislessefficientinexaminingthelargeintestinebecauseitiscurvedsteeplysothepatientsuffersmuchpainthispainisinfluencedbythedoctorsskills.

WORM ROBOTS

Arobot designedtocrawlthroughthehumangut hasbeendevelopedbyEuropeanscientists.

WORM ROBOTS Itcouldonedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosediseasebycarryingtinycamerasthroughpatients'bodies.

theresearchersplantodeveloparobotequippedwithacameraandlightsourcethatcancapturevideofootageasittravels.Doctorscurrentlyexplorethegutusingendoscopes,whichhavetobefedthroughthebody,or"camerapills"thatmustbeswallowedbyapatient.

OBSTACLES

Capsulescanshowyouplacesnothingelsecan,butyoucan'tstoporslowdownwhenyougettoapointofinterest.

Beingabletohavesomecontrol,perhapseventoturnaroundwouldbeveryvaluable.

ROBOTS THROUGH BLOOD STREAM

Researchersaroundtheworldhavebeentryingtodevelopminiature,remotecontrolledrobotsforminimallyinvasivemedicaltreatmentswithinthebody.

ItwasfirstdevelopedatKyotouniversitywithadiameter1cm.

Then,scientistsattheTechnion University,teamedwitharesearcherfromtheCollegeofJudeaandSamaria,havedevelopedaminiaturerobotthatcanmovewithinthebloodstream.

Forthefirsttimeaminiaturerobothasbeenplannedandconstructed,thathastheuniqueabilitytocrawlwithinthehumanbody'sveinsandarteries

ROBOTS THROUGH BLOOD STREAM

Forcomparison,thediameterofasimilarrobotwhichresearchersatKyotoUniversitydevelopedisonecentimeter.TheIsraelirobot'sdiameterisonemillimeter.

Bloodvesselsdifferfromeachotherindiameter,makingitextremelyimportantfortherobottopossesstheabilitytobeabletoadjustaccordingly.

Soitisnowusedtohelpdoctorstodiagnosediseases,canittreatsomediseases??!!


Artificial limb.

Tele-surgery.


The future..Presented By: Ahmed El-Saeed

HISTORY Inthelasttheamputeesfacedalotoffacilitiesinwalking. Sothecrutchinvitedtohelpthedisabledforwalking.

Butaftersignificantprogressinthemanufactureofindustrialmachineryassistancethehumancannowwalkonanartificiallegs

Thefirstspecimendiscoveredarchaeologically,knownastheRomanCapuaLeg.

Thelimbsusuallymadefromtheiron.

AN ARTIFICIAL LEG MADE FROM WOOD & STEEL

ARTIFICIAL LIMBS TYPES

Therearefourmaintypesoftheartificiallimbs:

TranstibialProsthesis

1.TRANSTIBIAL PROSTHESIS

Atranstibial prosthesisisanartificiallimbthatreplacesalegmissingbelowtheknee.Transtibialamputeesareusuallyabletoregainnormalmovementmorereadilythansomeonewithatransfemoral amputation,dueinlargeparttoretainingtheknee,whichallowsforeasiermovement.

2. TRANSFEMORAL PROSTHESIS

2. TRANSFEMORAL PROSTHESIS

Atransfemoral prosthesisisanartificiallimbthatreplacesalegmissingabovetheknee.Transfemoral amputeescanhaveaverydifficulttimeregainingnormalmovement.Ingeneral,atransfemoral amputeemustuseapproximately80%moreenergytowalkthanapersonwithtwowholelegs.This isduetothecomplexitiesinmovementassociatedwiththeknee.

3. TRANSRADIAL PROSTHESIS

3. TRANSRADIAL PROSTHESIS

Atransradial prosthesisisanartificiallimbthatreplacesanarmmissingbelowtheelbow.Twomaintypesofprostheticsareavailable.Cableoperatedlimbsworkbyattachingaharnessandcablearoundtheoppositeshoulderofthedamagedarm.Theotherformofprostheticsavailablearearms.Theseworkbysensing,viaelectrodes,whenthemusclesintheupperarmmoves,causinganartificialhandtoopenorclose

4. TRANSHUMERAL PROSTHESIS

Atranshumeral prosthesisisanartificiallimbthatreplacesanarmmissingabovetheelbow.Transhumeral amputeesexperiencesomeofthesameproblemsastransfemoral amputees,duetothesimilarcomplexitiesassociatedwiththemovementoftheelbow.Thismakesmimickingthecorrectmotionwithanartificiallimbverydifficult.

ARTIFICIAL LIMBS CONTROLLED BY

MIND POWER

TRANSHUMERAL PROSTHESIS S APLLICATIONS

EXAMPLE :THE BIONIC ARMS

THE FIRST SURGERY OF BIONIC ARM

Claudia Mitchell (b 1980) is the first woman to be outfitted with a bionic arm.

Her bionic arm, a prototype developed by the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, is as of August 2006 the most advanced prosthetic arm, and differs from other prostheses in that it does not require any implants.

ROBOTICS IN MEDICINETele-surgery.


The future..

Presented By: Ahmed El-Bayaa

INTRODUCTION

Itusedtobenecessarytovisitadoctorincaseofillness,orwaitforasurgicalspecialisttocomeandcarryoutameticuloussurgery,butnowadays,therehasbecomeanewmoderntechnologythatenablesdoctorstoremotelygiveconsultationsoreventocarryoutatelesurgery

HOW IS A TELE-SURGERY PERFORMED?

It'scarriedoutbetweenadoctorandarobot,whichteleoperatesthedoctor'sorders.

Thiscommunicationoccursthroughsatellitesandfiberopticcables,andthetransmissionandreceptionofthedatahappenwithinsmallfractionsofasecond.

Theimagesarecommunicatedaccuratelybyusingspecialcamerasthatgive3Ddigitalimagesofthespotoftheoperation

WHY TELE-SURGERY?

Peoplenowareabletogiveupthenecessityfortravelingabroadinordertoundergocomplicatedsurgicalproceduresthisisconsideredarevolutioninthefieldofsurgery.Thislaysthefoundationsfortheglobalization ofsurgery,makingitpossibletoimaginethatasurgeoncancarryoutanoperationonapatientanywhereintheworld.

TELE-SURGERY OPERATION

In France : InSeptember,2001 a medical team ,headed by professor "Jack Marisco", performed the first tele-surgical procedure in the history of medicine. This team, used a robotic arm, managed to remove the gall from a patient (a sixty-eight- year woman) in "Strasbourg", in eastern France while they were in the U.S.A. and the operation carried out by using a robot called zeus designed by Computer Motion co. and this operation named lindbergh

TIME GAB

Twomedicalteamsparticipatedinthissurgery,adistanceof14.000kilometersseparatedthem,andtheywerelinkedbyavideoandahighspeedfiberopticline.Thetimedelaybetweenthesurgeonsmovementsandthereturnofthevideoimagesdisplayedonthescreenwaslessthan1/5secondwhiletheistimatedproperlagtimeis1/3secound.

thestrangesttelesurgeryoccurredwhenheartsurgeon"MichaelBlack",fromthefacultyofmedicinein"AmericanStafford"university,managedtocarryoutahearttelesurgeryonafoetus intohismother'swomb.

SURGERY IN SPACE

IfanastronautonMarsneededasurgery,hisflightbacktotheearthwouldtakesixmonths,whichmakeshistreatmentimpossible.That'swhyscientistshavethoughtofsupplyingspaceshipswithrobotictelesurgeonsforsuchcases.

ateamofFrenchdoctorscarriedoutasurgicalprocedureonahumanbeingaboardaplane,farawayfromthegravityinfluence.Thedoctorswereplanedtocutoutatumorfromavolunteer'sshoulderwhilethemanoeuvre oftheplaneintheairinordertocreateazerogravitycondition.Thesurgeonsoperatedwhilefloatingatthecornersoftheplane,thepatientwaslyinginaplastictent,andthesurgicalinstrumentsweremagnetizedinordertosticktothetable.

Thisoperationwascarriedoutwithinachainoftimeshifts,eachshiftlastedfor20seconds,duringthoseshiftstheplanewasmanoeuvre intheairinordertocreateazerogravitycondition.



The future..

Presented By: Ahmed Abd El-Latif

ROBOTICS IN OTHER FIELDS

Infieldsapartfrommedicine,thefirstapplicationsofroboticswereinmathematics,computers,andindustry.ThefirstindustrialrobotwastheUnimatedevelopedbyGeorgeC.Devol andJosephF.Engelberger,whichwasusedtoextractdiecastingsfrommachinesandperformspotweldingonautomobilebodies.Currently,robotictechnologyisusedinspaceandoceanexploration(takingimagesandcollectinginformation),industrialtasks(welding),militaryandpolicetasks(destroyingmines,collectinginformation,orspying),andentertainment(fromtoystotelevision).

DA VINCI SURGICAL SYSTEM

IfwewanttotalkaboutroboticinmedicinewemusttalkabouthowrobotmakeprogressatfieldofsurgerySurgicalSystem.ApprovedinJuly2000toperformadvancedsurgicaltechniquessuchascuttingandsuturing,thissystemisthefirstoperativesurgicalroboticsystemtobeclearedbytheFDA,givingitafirstmoveradvantageoveritscompetitors.ThoughIntuitiveSurgicalhashadtoovercomemanyobstaclesinordertodominatethedigitalsurgeryfield,itisnowamultimilliondollarbusinessthatcontinuestogrowdaVinci surgeryisthelatestadvanceinminimallyinvasivesurgery.MadebyIntuitiveSurgical,thedaVinci systembringsconventionallaparoscopyintothe21stcentury.Withtheabilitytoperformcomplexoperationsthroughkeyholeincisions,previouslyunachievableresultsandshorthospitalstaysarenowavailableformanymorepatients.

DA VINCI SURGICAL SYSTEM

Thesystemconsistoffourmainpoints:

SurgeonConsole

PatientsideCart

DetachableInstruments

3DVisionSystem

SURGEON CONSOLEThesurgeonissituatedatthisconsoleseveralfeetawayfromthepatientoperatingtable.Thesurgeonhashisheadtiltedforwardandhishandsinsidethesystemsmasterinterface.Thesurgeonsitsviewingamagnifiedthree dimensionalimageofthesurgicalfieldwitharealtimeprogressionoftheinstrumentsasheoperates.TheinstrumentcontrolsenablethesurgeontomovewithinaonecubicfootareaofworkspaceTherearecameraswithfootpedals.

PATIENT-SIDE CART

Thiscomponentofthesystemcontainstheroboticarmsthatdirectlycontactthepatient.Itconsistsoftwoorthreeinstrumentarmsandoneendoscopearm.

PATIENT-SIDE CART

WeheardbadnewsaboutmanysurgeonsInjuredwhentheyprocesssurgeryandtherebloodmixedwiththebloodofpatients.

ButintheDa Vincithesurgeonsprocesssurgerywithoutdirectdeal.

Themachineplaytheroleofsurgeonsarm.

DETACHABLE INSTRUMENTSTheEndowrist detachableinstrumentsallowtheroboticarmstomaneuverinwaysthatsimulatefinehumanmovements.Eachinstrumenthasitsownfunctionfromsuturingtoclamping,andisswitchedfromonetotheotherusingquickreleaseleversoneachroboticarm.Thedevicememorizesthepositionoftheroboticarmbeforetheinstrumentisreplacedsothatthesecondonecanberesettotheexactsamepositionasthefirst.

3-D VISION SYSTEM ThecameraunitorendoscopearmprovidesenhancedthreedimensionalimagesThishighresolutionrealtimemagnificationshowingtheinsidethepatientallowsthesurgeontohaveaconsiderableadvantageoverregularsurgery.Thesystemprovidesoverathousandframesoftheinstrumentpositionpersecondandfilterseachimagethroughavideoprocessorthateliminatesbackgroundnoise.Theendoscopeisprogrammedtoregulatethetemperatureoftheendoscopetipautomaticallytopreventfoggingduringtheoperation


The future..

Presented By: Ahmed Abd El-Aziz

"Livingorganismsarenaturallyexisting,fabulouslycomplexsystemsofmolecularnanotechnology".Dr.GregoryFahy

THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE MAY BE NANO ROBOTS

IN THE FUTURE nanorobotsmayperformallkindsofimportantjobs

forhumans,includinghealthrelatedjobssuchasmolecularrepair.Butshelveyourscifinerdnightmaresaboutmaraudingswarmsofwickednano botsrompingaroundinyourbloodstream:foronething,thesemicroscopiccritterssimplymimicwhatalreadyexistsinnature.Afterall,livingcellsaremachines.Forexample,manybacteriacomeequippedwithflagellapropellers(somethingMichaelBehe justcantseemtohandle),whicharepoweredbynanomotors.Now,thedevelopmentofselfreplication*isapparentlywheretheoohscaryteleologicaldebatestartstocomein,butrememberthattheearthhasalreadybeenravagedbyselfreplicatingnanorobotsmanyatime:wejustcallthem,um,cells.

MICROBOTInthefuturemicroscopicrobots microbots couldbeusedtotravelinsideourbodies,assistingdoctorstodiagnoseandcureallmannerofailments

THE SURGERY TODAY

REMOTE-CONTROL NANOPARTICLES

Here, dark gray nanoparticles carry different drug payloads (one red, one green). A remotely generated 5-minute pulse of a low-energy electromagnetic field releases the green drug but not the red. A 5-minute pulse of a higher-energy electromagnetic field releases the red drug, which had been tethered using a DNA strand twice as long as the green tether, as measured in base pairs.

Presnted By:

Ahmed El-Ziky.Ahmed Saeed.

Ahmed El-Sayed.Ahmed Elmorsy.Ahmed El-Saeed.Ahmed El-Bayaa.

Ahmed Abd El-Latif.Ahmed Abd El-Aziz.

Under Supervision of :

Dr. Khaled Nagy.

THANK YOU .

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Robotics in medicineRobotics means using of robots instead of human in executing many operations and doing many jobs.Robotics in medicineIntroduction to roboticsSlide Number 7Slide Number 9Robot definitionSlide Number 11Before 1900 :Slide Number 13After 1900 : Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Fields of specializations:Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Robotics in medicineA bit of HistoryThe robots have many abilities that can be very useful in the field of medicineRobots : what can they do?Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Clinical Applications of robotsSlide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Technology ChallengesSlide Number 39Robotics in medicineMedical devicesSlide Number 42Slide Number 43Slide Number 44Slide Number 45Slide Number 46MRISlide Number 48Slide Number 49Slide Number 50Slide Number 51Slide Number 52Worlds smallest robotic hand to aid microsurgery Robotics in medicineSlide Number 55Analysis & ImagingMagnetic resonance Imaging (MRI)Diagnosing diseases using robotsCapsule RobotsCapsule RobotsCapsule RobotsWorm RobotsWorm RobotsObstaclesRobots through blood streamRobots through blood streamSlide Number 67Robotics in medicineSlide Number 69Slide Number 70An artificial leg made from wood & steel Artificial limbs types 1.Transtibial Prosthesis 2. Transfemoral Prosthesis2. Transfemoral Prosthesis 3. Transradial Prosthesis3. Transradial Prosthesis 4. Transhumeral Prosthesis Artificial limbs controlled by mind power Example :The bionic arms Slide Number 81The first surgery of bionic arm Slide Number 83Robotics in medicineIntroductionHow is a tele-surgery performed?Slide Number 87why tele-surgery?Tele-surgery operationTime gabSlide Number 91Surgery in spaceSlide Number 93Robotics in medicineRobotics in other fieldsDa Vinci Surgical System Da Vinci Surgical SystemSurgeon ConsolePatient-side Cart Patient-side CartDetachable Instruments3-D Vision System Robotics in medicineSlide Number 104In the futureMicrobot In the future microscopic robots microbots - could be used to travel inside our bodies, assisting doctors to diagnose and cure all manner of ailments The surgery todaySlide Number 108Remote-control NanoparticlesSlide Number 110Slide Number 111Slide Number 112