rock n roll

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RockandRollGroup 5MusicAppreciationPresentation for Music AppreciationsCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5

C ntentsIntroduction of Rock and RollHistory of Music Rock and RollAbout The Music Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityThe Repertoire of Rock and Roll MusicAnalyzing The Repertoire of Rock and Roll MusicContribution of Rock and Roll to The World CommunityPresented by:AmirulOtaiIzzatNoraRockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5

INTRODUCTIONIntroduction of Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityWhat is rock and roll? In the late fifties, the answer might have been: the news music that teenagers are listening to. The roster of rock and roll musicians would have included Frankie Avalon and Paul Anka, Pat Boone and Chuck Berry, Eddie Cochran and the Coasters, Bo Didley, Bobby Darin and Fats Domino, and, above all, Elvis. However, this list encompasses a broad range of musical styles- despite the fact that all of the artists were popularly labeled as rock and roll. We need to make a finer distinction.

The Music of Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, the Everly Brothers, and Buddy Holly is the heart and soul rock and roll. The music represents only a small fraction of the new music of the late fifties, but it is a core. From their music came the attitudes and musical qualities that would shape rock.


INTRODUCTIONIntroduction of Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Using their music as a point of reference, we can see that rock and roll had a lifespan of about fourteen years. It began in 1951, when Alan Freed started calling the rhythm and blues he was playing on Clevelands WJW rock and roll; it ended in 1964, irreversibly transformed into the new musical language called rock. It history has three chapters:

1951- early 1956. the idea of rock and roll began filtering through American society, but the musical style had not coalesced.

1956-1959: the three golden years when the style came together: from Little Richards Tutti Frutti in early 1956 to Buddy Hollys plane crash on February 3, 1959- the day the music died, in singer/ songwriter Don McLeans memorable words.

1959-1964: The Beatles, the Beach Boy, et al. complete rock and rolls assimilation into the mainstream and transformation into rock.

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HISTORYThe Beginnings of Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityWhen did rock and roll begin? There answer depends a great deal on the context in which the question is asked. The terms came into popular music via blues lyrics. In these songs, rockin and rollin were euphemisms for sexual intercourse. One of the first race record hits was Trixie Smiths My Man Rocks Me [With One Steady Roll]. The lyrics to Wynonie Harriss 1948 hit Good Rockin Tonight make the sexual reference as explicit as it could be and still get in the stores and on the jukeboxes in the late forties.


HISTORYThe Beginnings of Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityALAN FREEDIt was disc jockey Alan Freed who attached rock and roll to a musical style. Freed was an early an influential advocate of rhythm and blues. Unlike the disc jockeys of the era, he refused to play white cover versions of rhythm and blues hits, a practice which gained him respect among black musicians but made him enemies in the business. While broadcasting over WJW in Cleverland in 1951, he began using the terms as a euphemism of a different kind: rock and roll became a code word among whites for rhythm and blues.ROCK AROUND THE CLOCK AND SH-BOOM Rock Around The Clock and Sh-Boom show the two main of early rock and roll songs. The Crew Cutss Sh-Boom the two was a cover, Rock Around The Clock, was a new song written in the styles of an R&B. This song wasthe work of the white songwriters Jimmy DeKnight and Max Freedman, who had previously scored with Jimmy Prestons 1949 R&B hit Rock the Joint.


HISTORYThe Birth of Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityFive solo acts and one duo brought rock and roll into existence and defined both its essence and its range: Chuck Berry put together its key musical element: he gave rock and roll its style.

Elvis Presley personified rock and roll: he gave the music its most memorable voice, its most indelible image, and its strongest commercial presence.

Little Richard brought in the beat and performed with an outrageousness that inspired generations of rockers.

The Everly Brothers refined that harmony and brought country story-telling to rock and roll.

Buddy Holly was the bridge between rock and roll and rock; he gave rock its basic instrumentation, new forms abd harmonies, and its main way of creating the future out of the past.


About Rock and rollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityELECTRIC GUITARThe development that brought the guitar such prominence was its , amplification and subsequent technological advances. However, not all rock and rock n roll artists used the electric guitar. Early singers like Elvis, accompanied themselves on acoustic guitar, and Bill Haleys group used an acoustic guitars with a small microphone inside it. This is know as a semi-acoustic guitar as it can be played acoustically or through an amplifier, albeit originally a primitive set-up that only provide volume, not the special effects available today. The semi-acoustic guitar was more popular with country and western singers than rock n roll singers.The first guitar with a specially made pickup (a small microphone device built onto the body of the instrument under the string) appeared in 1935, though other experimental models had been around in the twenties and had been used by guitarists in jazz groups trying to break away from the rhythm role of the guitar.Instruments of Rock and Roll: Guitar



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityPLAYING TECHNIQUESBends Bending is done by playing a note and pushing the string upwards and downward across the neck of the guitar. The result is a dramatic wavering in pitch.Gauge To help create different types of sound, guitarists use different gauges of string. Gauge is the relative thickness and weight of a string. It ranges from thin and wirelike to thick, wound stringsHammer onsThis device is when a player plays a note and quickly, without striking the string again, puts down the next finger on the fret for the next note. The result is a heavily accented note followed by a softer slurred note (this is an important device in many licks.Palming The right hand is used to lightly damp the strings near the bridge as the note/s are played. The result is a short, dry sound.Instruments of Rock and Roll: Guitar



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityPLAYING TECHNIQUESPower chordsThese are re-fingerings of chords to include open string-the result is a heavier sound with longer reverberation.Pull offsThis is the opposite of a hammer on in that the fingers of the left hand move the other way, downwards instead of up the fingerboard or neck of the instrument.SlidesSlides are when the player plays a note and slides the same finger of the left hand up the string. Some country singers and rock guitarist achieve this effect by putting their finger inside the neck of a broken bottle; this is know as a bottle neck slides.TrillRapid alternation between adjacent notes.Instruments of Rock and Roll: Guitar


About Rock and rollInstruments of Rock and Roll:Bass GuitarCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09Above all else the role of the bass is a rhythmic one. Although it plays tuned parts, its rhythms, felt more often than heard, are what is important. This is one reason why the bass so often plays ostinatos of a highly rhythmic character. The types of rock and roll in which to hear important bass playing are those that rely heavily on strong rhythms. For examples, reggae, where the bass always has a heavily accented ostinato and works very closely with the drum parts: funk, which has given rise to the term funky bass to describe the sort of bass line used; some heavy metal, which needs a heavy bass line to balance the other instrumentsAlthough this is the name we all use for this instrument it is really an electric bass, and not a guitar at all. An electrified development of the double bass, at first it was shunned by musicians who preferred the old fashioned acoustic instrument. It was developed in the late 1940s and was first used by jazz bass players. Rock n roll groups stayed with the double bass, but by the 1960s, it hade become the usual bass line instrument of rock music probably because it matched the growing popularity of the electric guitar and complemented it on stage. It is possible to buy a more jazzy, soul type sound and allows more freedom in pitch and the use of tuning devices.

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About Rock and rollInstruments of Rock and Roll:Bass GuitarCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09PLAYING TECHNIQUESSlides By sliding the left hand up the neck of the guitar the player can alter the pitch of a note. Slides are particularly effective when played on the fretless bass. An example of sliding is the early Police recording, Walking on the Moon.Right hand playing techniquesBecause of the thickness of the bass guitar strings, playing the bass guitar can require a lot of stamina and strength (especially in the playing hand).PluckingPlayers can pluck the strings with their thumb or a pick, which gives a standard plucked sound.

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About Rock and rollInstruments of Rock and Roll:Bass GuitarCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09PLAYING TECHNIQUESWalkingWalking on the strings, using alternate first and second fingers is much the same technique as jazz musicians use on the acoustic bass. It gives of softer, more subtle sound and also allows the bass player to play a more melodic role.SlappingSlapping the strings with the thumb produce a drier, shorter sound. It can also involve hitting the string against the fingerboard to give a percussive effect. Slapping was introduced as technique by funk players in the 1970s.Pulling and poppingAnother funk technique for playing the bass guitar is pulling or popping. To do this, the strings are pulled upwards with the index and middle fingers, producing a percussive effect.



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Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityDRUMS AND PERCUSSIONThe drummer is a very important member of a group, providing much of the rhythmic impulse in the music as well as two other very important roles within the music. The drummer is vital in the structure, or form, of a song, playing signals that mark out the sections of a piece of music.RHYTHMSThe drummer also provides musical clues to the styles of music being played, as different types of rock and roll music have their own distinctive drum rhythms. Although these rhythms are not exclusively used by any style, in most cases there is agreement as to which rhythm suits each type of music.

About Rock and rollInstruments of Rock and Roll:Drum



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityPERCUSSIONSometimes the distinctiveness of the percussion sound is achieved not through rhythms but through the use of extra percussion instruments. For examples, the use of tambourine in Motown music (being clear, bright and rather dry in sound, the tambourine didnt interfere with the vocal line and the all important lyrics, and also it sounded good over the cheap transistors popular In the 1960s) and in 1960s rock music in general.DRUMKITEarly rock n roll drummers would have been surprised if they had know what array of drums and percussion instruments would surround a drummer today. Their equipment was the same as that of the drummers in the swing dance bands of the 1930s and 40s. In the early 1950s a drumkit consisted of a bass drum worked by a food pedal (invented about 1900), a snare drum, floor tom tom, maybe one small tom tom on the bass drum, a hi-hat (called choke cymbal at first) and sometimes a crash cymbal, either on a stand or attached to the bass drum.

About Rock and rollInstruments of Rock and Roll:DrumRockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5


Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityAbout Rock and rollInstruments of Rock and Roll:DrumUSING THE DRUMKIT Drummers always modify their drums, in some of the following ways. Remove the front skin of the bass drum and fill the drum with pillows, to give a duller sound.Remove the bottom skins of some drums, for examples, floor tom, to give a shorter and duller sound.Drill holes in cymbal and put loose rivets sin them to make extra rattling noises (some cymbals now commercially prepared this way)Break pieces out of cymbals to cut down the length of reverberation.Attach special drum clamps to the snare floor tom to make shorter, dryer sounds; sometimes they use masking tape on the skins instead.If the bass drum pedal has two springs on its mechanism, they remove one to make it looser and easier to play in rapid passages.There are also many different types of drumsticks, all able to create different sounds and effects. Visit a drum shop and look at all types . If you are using the drums try using different sticks for effects and contrasts in your interpretation.RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5Copyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityAbout Rock and rollInstruments of Rock and Roll:Drum



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityTHE ACOUSTIC GUITARThis guitar is used in soft rock, folk rock and country music where it sometimes has double strings and is called a twelve strings guitar. Twelve strings guitars often use metal strings rather than nylon, resulting in more jangly metallic sound.SAXOPHONEThe saxophone in rock and roll music continues its role as an important member of music groups since the 1920s. however the saxophone was not always as popular as we would expect. After its invention in about 1850 by Belgian instrument manufacturer Adolphe sax, the saxophone became a standard part of military band and towards the end of the 19th century enjoyed popularity for a time as an orchestral instrument. In the early years of the 20th century it was at first rejected by jazz musicians who found did not blend into traditional jazz ensembles.Instruments of Rock and Roll:Other InstrumentsRockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5


Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityKEYBOARDSIn early rock and roll the piano was used by some performers which was probably a carry over from its popularity among rhythm and blues artist like Fats Domino. Other early rock and roll pianist were Jerry Lee Lewis, Little Richard, Larry Williams and Huey Smith. The piano has four main uses in rock music. First, there are groups which incorporate it into their overall sound: examples are Supertramp, Roxy Music, and Emerson. Lake and Palmer. Second, the piano in conjunction with other acoustic instrument s. The pianos third use by famous solo artists like Stevie Wonder, Elton John, Phil Collins, Joe Jackson and Billy Preston. And fourth, as a feature of rock songs where it would be least expected, such as the pianos in We Are the Champions by Queen.Instruments of Rock and Roll:Other Instruments


About Rock and rollThe Man of Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityELVIS PRESLEY: THE KING OF ROCK AND ROLLElvis Presley, the king of the rock and roll, sang very little rock and roll. One can listen in vain to his Sun recordings and most of his early hits on RCA for a bone-fine rock and roll sound. Only a few, such as Hound Dog and Jailhouse Rock, have anything approaching a rock rhythm. How can we justify dethroning him? In the history of rock, his royal status is seemingly indisputable, although Ray Charles challenged it early on. Nevertheless, the musical evidence is incontestable. By our limited definition, theres very little rock and roll in Elviss rock and roll.



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityPerhaps theres something wrong with our definition, if it doesnt have room for Elvis. However, its purpose was to identify those elements of rock and roll that:Distinguished it from other music of the time, andLed most directly to sixties-seventies rock. These element are seldom present in Elviss music. Its quite clear in retrospect that if Elvis had been the dominant musical influence on sixties music-if there had been no Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, or Buddy Holly-the sound of the sixties would have far different. There would have been no rock as we know it: no Stones, no Hendrix, no Beatles. Nevertheless, Elvis unquestionably deserve his throne, because he made three unparalleled contributions to rock and roll. Elvis gave rock and roll a presence,, an image, and a voice.



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityElvis Presley is the most important rock artist to emerge during the musics early during the musics early development between 1954 and 1956. His extraordinary popularity surpassed that of any artist who appeared in those year, and it remained as a standard for almost a decade. For the music industry, Presley was king for almost ten years. He was the first rock artist to establish a continuing and independent motion picture career, the first to have a whole series of million-selling single records-before 1960 he had eighteen- and the first to dominate consistently the tastes of the foreign record market, especially in England, where popularity polls listed him among the top favourites for each year until the arrival of the Beatles. For many people growing up in the 1950s, Elvis was rock and roll. The two were all but synonymous. Some kids knew about Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, and Little Richard. Fewer had heard of Ray Charles or the Platters or any of the one-hit wonder doo-wop groups. But everyone knew about Elvis-kids, their parents, and just about anyone else who wasnt off in the woods somewhere.



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityElvis also brought into rock and roll a new attitude: a democratic eclecticism. As weve noted, he listened to everyone. And, unlike his pop predecessors, he didnt seem to pass judgment. If we judge by his recordings, he doesnt value Patti Page more than Arthur Crudup, or Bill Monroe more than Billy Eckstine. This attitude is in stark contrast to the previous generation of pop performers, who generally regarded minority styles with disdain. Moreover, he reflects this eclecticism in his singing. What the Beatles or Paul Simon would later do externally-by varying the accompaniment-Elvis did internally-with his voice. Elvis was the first to express this democratic attitude in his music, and no one did it more naturally or organically.RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5


Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityTHE BEATLES AND THE BRITISH INVASION.At the beginning of the 1960s, rock-and-roll music was in sorry shape.The founding fathers of rock had been silented: elvis was drafted into the army in 1958, and that same year Little Richard found religion, renounced his rock-and-roll lifestyle, and quit the intertainment business to preach the gospel.

Chuck Berry was imprisoned for transporting an underage girl across state lines (Berry claimed he was set up by police).After jerry Lee Lewis married his fourteen-year-old second cousin, he found it extremely difficult to find work as many Americans were repulsed by what they considered an incestuous union.

The British Invasion Band of Rock and Roll

About Rock and rollRockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5

About Rock and rollThe British Invasion Band of Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityBy 1960 rock and roll in its early, unpolished form had faded away. The new stars were clean-cut white teenage crooners such as Pat Boone, Facian, Frankie Avalon, and Paul Anka.in fact, rock had been so sanitezed by these innocuous teen idols that in 1962 Bing Crosby, one of the most popular singer from the World War II era claimed, Rock n Roll seems to have run its course...[and will be replaced by] slow, pretty ballads.

What Crosby had no way of knowing was that while he was making his weighty pronouncement, a group of talented young men from Liverpool, England, was about to take the world by storm, enshrine rock music to a permanent place in history, and change the way people looked, talked, and even thought.RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5


Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityThe band was the Beatles, and its members John Lennon(guitarist ), Paul McCartney (bassist), George Harrison (Lead guitar player) and Ringo Starr (drummer), were learning their craft playing the songs of Little Richard, Chuck Berry, the Everly Brother, Gene Vincent, Buddy Holly, and other founding father of rock. But instead of copying the music directly, the beatles put their own spin on the music, throwing in occasional jazz chords and singing with an almost angelic three-part harmony that had previously been lacking in the performance of most rock song.In additional to playing rock standards, Lennon and McCartney began writing their own music, which was unlike anything anyone had ever heard.The British Invasion Band of Rock and Roll



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityThe Beatles seemed like an overnight sensation when they became huge stars in the United Stated in 1964, Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison had actually been playing together for more than five years.Accompanied by an ever-changing succession of drummers, Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison played in a group at first called the Quarry Men, then the Silver Beatles, and finally the Beatles. (In choosing that name for his band, Lennon was attempting to emulate the insect-based name of one of his favourite bands, Buddy Holly and the Crickets.)The British Invasion Band of Rock and Roll



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityOver the next several years, the Beatles attracted an ever-growing crowd of fourteen-year-old girls, office workers, and secretaries in short skirts and beehive hairdos who packed into the during their lunch breaks.By the autumn of 1962 Love Me Do was selling briskly in Liverpool, and those sales lifted the Beatles first single into the British list of top-twenty hits. Martin suggested the Beatles follow their hit with a tune written by a professional songwriter.The British Invasion Band of Rock and Roll



Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityClassic rock-and-roll tunes, such as I Saw Her Standing There. demonstrated the groups penchant for soaring three-part harmony, and Do You Want to Know a Secret showed that the group could put forth songs that even parents would loveWhen the band fourth single, She Loves You, was released in August 1963, the yeah, yeah, yeah chorus had millions of young people singing along with the Fab Four, and the Beatles look was all the rage. By this time, nearly every schoolboy in Britain was cutting his hair in the moptop fashion of John, Paul, George, and Ringo. Stores that sold pointy ankle-high boots, could not keep them in stock.The British Invasion Band of Rock and Roll

RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5Copyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09


The Repertoire of Rock and Roll:Blue Suede Shoes by Elvis Presleyrepertoire of Rock and rollRockands Trivia videoRollHere is an examples of the repertoire of rock and roll named as Blue Suede Shoes.This song is always associated with Elvis Presley who singing this song, although it was written by Carl Perkins, who was also a well known singer in the early rock n roll style.Now, lets we watch this video together before we analyze this amazing repertoire of rock and roll.


The Repertoire of Rock and Roll:Blue Suede Shoes by Elvis Presley

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityrepertoire of Rock and rollHere are the score of the Blue Suede Shoes:RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5Copyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09


Rockands Trivia videoRollThe Repertoire of Rock and Roll:I Want To Hold Your Hand by The BeatlesHere is an examples of the repertoire of rock and roll named I Want To Hold Your Hand.This song is have been written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. This song was one hundred percent arranged of its words and music by John Lennon and Paul McCartney which is influenced by rock and roll styles but have been improvised by the British Invasion or known as Beatles sound.repertoire of Rock and roll


The Repertoire of Rock and Roll:I Want To Hold Your Hand by The BeatlesSultan IdrisEducationUniversityrepertoire of Rock and rollHere are the score of the I Want to Hold Your Hand:

RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5Blue Suede ShoesCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09


Analyzing therepertoiresAs the word blue in the title indicates, it is a 12-bar blues. Notice that the chromatic notes in the melody turns the triads of the accompaniment into seventh chords, for example bar 4c= F7For a performance use a guitar, double bass, piano and drums. Use this rhythm:444444hi-hatsnarebass drum

RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5Blue Suede ShoesCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09


Analyzing therepertoiresIn this song, the tempo use is a bright tempo which is its tempo is not going to be too fast and not slow. We can see that, the chorus of the song is located at the beginner of the song. Its meant that the song Blue Suede Shoes has the chorus at the beginner of the song and the chorus is repeated for twice which is one of them in the middle and the another one is at the end of the song.Actually the melody phrases blue suede shoes of this song also located in the chorus. This melody phrases is written as a twice in the chorus.RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5Blue Suede ShoesCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09


Analyzing therepertoiresUsage meter in song Blue Suede Shoes is duple meter. Which can be calculated in term 1-2,1-2.Moreover, in the song is also no use of harmony that have more than one sound at a pitch the same time. therefore, as a result, there is no harmony sound results in this song.Texture used is referred to as polyphony or counterpointpuntal music. Melody in the song is mixed melody which consists of two which are disjunct melody and the melody conjunct melody. Usage notes extras such as trills and slides also used to make this song more appealing as called Ornaments.RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5

Contribution of rock and rollContribution of Rock and RollCopyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityIn three short years, rock and roll came together as a distinct style. Elvis was its front man : on record, in person, on television, and the movies, he was its most recognizable voice and most powerful image. Little Richard gave the music its beat, its volume, its assertiveness, and its most outrageous persona; Jerry Lee Lewis followed right behind. Chuck Berry trabsferred the beat to the electric guitar, rocks most outspoken instrumental voice, and created rock and rolls most emulated sound. The Everly Brother opened up a gentler side, while Buddy Holly opened the door to the electric sound world of sixties rock.RockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5


Sultan IdrisEducationUniversityIn words and music, rock and roll became the voice of a new generation. Especially in the lyrics of Berry and Holly, it spoke simply but subtly of teenence, was the teenagers sound badge. The songs coming out of transistors and car radios were as much a oert of their identity as their hair styles, clother, and cars.In 1959, with its first great musicians and the industry itself mired in scandal, rock and roll seemed destined to fade away. However, the music had come too far too fast for that to happen. In fact, the opposite took place. Rock and rolls posture, its rhythms and textures, its singing and sound world would begin to infiltrate almost every other popular style: rhythm and blues, country and folk, pop, jazz. It reached beyond Americas borders, as England and then the rest of the world discovered this new music.Contribution of rock and rollContribution of Rock and RollRockandRollMusicAppreciationSMP1052Group 5Copyrighted AmirulDanishMukminin09

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