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Saturn V

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Objective

• To understand more about the conquest of space… the final frontier

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Early Discoveries

• Greek named Hero first demonstrated “rocket” propulsion.

• ‘Thrust’ – is the force that moves the rocket

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Chinese Invented Gunpowder

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Newton’s First Law of Motion

• A body at rest tends to stay at rest; a body in motion tends to stay in motion (ball) — unless acted on by a force

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Newton’s Second Law of Motion

• Force equals mass times acceleration

• F=MA (cannon)

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Newton’s Third Law of Motion

• For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Reaction

Action

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Advances In Solid Fuel Rockets• Jean Froissart (1337-1405) achieves higher accuracy launching

through tubes (bazooka)

• William Hale (1797-1870) devised spin stabilized rockets

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Father of Modern Astronautics

• Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Russian (1857-1935)

• Deaf at age 13—Self taught

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Father of Modern Rocketry

Robert Goddard• Launched first

successful liquid fuel rocket 1926

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• Herman Oberth (1923) – Wrote about space travel in Germany

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V-2 – First Large Liquid Fuel Rocket

• Developed by Wernher von Braun.

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First Artificial Earth Satellite

• Sputnik - 1957 (Soviet Union)

• Began the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States

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Wernher von Braun• Developed the

German V-2• Launched first US

satellite 1958• Developed the

Saturn V Rocket

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First Man in Space

• Yuri Gagarin

• Russian

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Alan Shepard

• First American in Space

• Flew in the Mercury Spacecraft

• May 1961

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First American to Orbit John Glenn - February, 1962

Launched by the Atlas

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First Men on the Moon

• Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin

• July 1969

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First U.S Space Station -- Skylab

• Launched 1973

Definitions• Rockets

– Redstone

– Atlas

– Saturn V

– Titan

• Spacecraft– Mercury

– Gemini

– Apollo

– Vostok

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Space Shuttle

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Man in Space

Vostok

First man in space Yuri Gagarin 1961

Mercury

First American in Orbit John Glenn 1962

Gemini

First Rendezvous 1965

Apollo

First man to walk the Moon - Neil Armstrong

1969

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Time Line to SpaceTsiolkovsky

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Goddard

Oberth

Sputnik

ICBM

Gagarin & Shepard

Von Braun V-2

Glenn

Armstrong

Skylab

Space Shuttle

Challenger Columbia

Space Race

ISS

YWB

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Quiz TimeMatch the Name on the Left with their accomplishment

1. Greek named Hero

2. Chinese

3. Sir Isaac Newton

4. Jean Froissart

5. William Hale

6. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

7. Herman Oberth (1923)

8. Robert Goddard

A. Invented Gunpowder rocketB. Higher accuracy using tubes

(bazooka)C. Published book on space travelD. Demonstrated Reactive forceE. Father of Modern RocketryF. Three laws of motionG. Devises spin stabilized rocketsH. Father of Modern Astronautics

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Quiz TimeMatch the Name on the Left with the accomplishment

1. Wernher von Braun

2. Alan Shepard

3. Neil Armstrong

4. Yuri Gagarin

5. John Glenn

6. Sputnik

A. First man to walk on moon

B. Designed the V-2 and Saturn V

C. First American to OrbitD. First Man to OrbitE. First American in spaceF. First artificial Earth

Satellite

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Match the Spacecraft with its launcher

1. Mercury-sub orbital

2. Mercury-orbital

3. Gemini

4. Apollo (Moon)

5. Discovery/Challenger/Columbia/Atlantis/ Endeavor

A. Space Shuttle Orbiters

B. Titan II

C. Saturn V

D. Atlas

E. Redstone

Complete the questions onPage 8

Page 15 Page 25

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Test for Module 4

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Rockets – The Space Shuttle

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Replacement for Saturn V

• Saturn V sent men to the moon 1968-72

• Launched Skylab Space Station 1973

• 250,000 lbs. To earth orbit

• Shuttle 65,000 pounds to earth orbit

Shuttle 4.4 million lbs. 6 million lbs. thrust

Saturn V 6.0 million lbs. 7.5 million lbs. thrust

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Initial Reusable Design - 1970

• Expected to fly weekly – 52 flights/year

• High Development costs required a more conservative design

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The Compromise• Solid Fuel Boosters• Expendable tank

• Four flight vehicles• No ‘escape system’.

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First Flight - 1981

• Use of Solid Fuel limits safety factor at launch

• Can’t shut down solids once ignited

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Final Costs• Flying only 8 Shuttles

per year• Each flight costs

$500,000,000 (Half a billion dollars)

• High cost caused by few flights divided by extensive maintenance and launch expenses

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Challenger – January 1986

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Critical Flight Profiles - Reentry

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Shuttle Tiles - Side View

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Shuttle Tiles – Bottom View

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AF Photo over ABQ

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The Columbia is Lost Feb 1, 2003

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In Memory of those who have Perished

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Questions Being Raised• High costs

• High risk

• Questionable manned spaceflight program objectives

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Possible Consequences

• Discontinue shuttle program 2010

• Implement a crew escape system

• Develop a less costly, safer, re-usable spacecraft

• Crew Excursion Vehicle called Orion

• Rocket ARES 1

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The end...

of the beginning

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Critical Flight Profiles - Launch