JIIJIJIJA Primer.. fOFClassical Literary Tibetan.Volume 1: The GrammarJOhIl Rockwell, Jr.1111{{I(I[}},JI,A PrimerforClassical Literary TibetanVolume 1: The GrammarJohn Rockwell, Jr.IIIIx.., H ~ ~ , ' I,q~ Se,. \""T~ " l l ~ ~Second Edition, 1991Copyright 1991 John Rockwell, Jr.All rights reserved.Distributedby: Samadhi BookstoreKarme-CholingBarnet, VT05821.(800) 331-7751II]!If}fIj!11I!Table of ContentsVolume 1: The GrammarPreface viiiAbbreviations of Sources ixLesson One : 11.. The Language: General Remarks 12. The Tibetan Syllabary1-r 1

--->Vajrasattvaordinary person2) Conjunctive compounds'" "'"'" '"

---> "-r"Cl]-31ac---> Cl].-r?"l.a .. ---> -r -r ---> dependent arisingshamatha and vipashyanashravakas and pratyekabuddhassamsara and nirvanakleshas and purificationLesson 5 -,. .tI49--->--->--->

I -I f1J master and disciple-'S1- India and Tibet--- karmic cause and effect

f c. Lossof particlesbetweenseparatewords: It is very often the.case that grammatical particles(most notably the relational particle and the coordinating particle 1C -) are omitted between nouns. This isespecially true in poetry, but it is also common in prose.. This type of abbreviation might be a reflection of theheavy use in Sanskrit of compounds, which have two or more independent words with no grammaticalparticles between them. This kind ofcompound is different from the ones above in that they are notindependent lexical units themselves, i.e. they are not anew "word" when put together. They are more of atype of standard phrase. However, they might even be.included in a Tibetan dictionary as a separate entry;sothe line between these and the compound words above can be blurry.,,- - - a; mcD n. (R) n./time 3 [on buddha being of protectorAPPOSITION OBJECfIVEOnly the last element in apposition will have the grammatical particle or the lack of a particle, which willindicate the function of all the words in apposition.9. Exercises:8. Tibetan to English: Please keep in mind that at times, the vocabulary, images, and context will bequite foreign for you. This is again due to the fact that you are learning new ideas and perspectives at the sarmtime that you are learning Tibetan grammar and vocabulary.t'\,..r """..r ..r - - cD -l f\J - q . l-l c -1 l- l- . -if> --. - Wehavecontemplated this by means of -C; c. -1 C;-c; c. -1c.- sage-sAGENT..,.. D. (R) n.>beings of sufferingDIRECT OBJ.D.-spaceDIRECT OB1...,.. "d) SM 20B:2-3The space isfilled with rainbows and light.

..,.." ""'Q1 f:), .Q1 LdQ'l. ..Q'l - -..JI-e . I I quote mKZ?The sages do not wash away evil deeds with waterAnd do not clear away the suffering of beings with [their]hands.Note that the agent "does not haveanagentiveparticle, as one would expect. This is probablydue to the fact that these sentences are in poetic meter,and there was no room for another syllable.\}IJ)I1'1I

1J'"ususally connected by the.. .. - to the preceding words or clause. You do not have to be too literal intranslating them, as they all have the basic meaning of "because. "by the power I ofjby the power [00-r " dueto the main point [of]by the power [of]'"""" '" "

n. (A) neg. tv! 10. (A) neg. tv./ n. (A) neg. tv.!frreby not bum. waterby not carry. earth by not crush.AGENT VERB AGENT VERB AGENT VERB'" "" ""' "..r - 1 n. (CO) n. (R) n. thislike liberation all-knowlege of levelADVERB DIRECTQBJECf-r- ---- - - -c3-41 1 KZ 12A:3

Do not explain the dharma to those without respect.b. Direct Objectc. Indirect Object:}1JJ1jJIJJ

neg. tvn.(LOP)not respect toINDIRECT OBI.Lesson 8n. dharmaDIR. OBI.

neg. tv./not explain.VERB86d. Personalized Verbal Nouns: A verbal nouncan befurther transformed into theperson or personswho do the action of the verb by the addition of such pluralizers asl- and determiners as J tv.>Lesson 13 151sentient being-s which tathagata of,SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECTdhanna of kava that likeADV.seeVERB

n. pp. (LOP)space likePREP. PHRASEC'\. -r: c-,:l\C,- q-'-\l--1c, - UJ 0) 1n. adj. rpr. iv. 1nature luminous what is

adj. (LOP)perfect-IvADVERB""'" C'\.CN- --0 0) -