role of digital libraries in knowledge management poornima narayana deputy head, information center...
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Role of Digital Libraries in Role of Digital Libraries in Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management
Poornima Narayana
Deputy Head, Information Center
National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)
Bangalore 560 017
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Communication is human nature
Knowledge sharing is human nurture
Alisan Tucker
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Defining KM
What KM - Vendors (researchers and consultants) are
doing.
Concepts are best defined from how people use them.
What KM -Users (companies and practitioners) are
doing.
KM Researchers with computer and/or information
science background consider
Knowledge = Objects (IT - Track KM)
Contd...
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KM researchers with philosophy, psychology,
sociology or business/management background
consider Knowledge = Processes (People -
Track KM)
KM research & practice focus could be on individual
or organizational
Knowledge is not something that can be managed, but
can be regarded as Human Faculty
KM is the art of crating value from an organizations
intangible assets
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Knowledge Management
Track/Level IT-Track People-Track Knowledge = Knowledge = Object Processes
Organization “Re-engineers” “Organization Level Group Ware Theorists”
Philosophers, Sociologists
Individual “Al-specialists” “Psychologists”Level “E-specialist”
Knowledge Management
Track/Level IT-Track People-Track Knowledge = Knowledge = Object Processes
Organization “Re-engineers” “Organization Level Group Ware Theorists”
Philosophers, Sociologists
Individual “Al-specialists” “Psychologists”Level “E-specialist”
Reference - Karl-Erik Sveiby
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MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(DAY-TO-DAY)
FUTURE PLANNING------------------Staff Technology Market PlanningImplementation
SYSTEMS DOCUMENTATION-------------------------------------------
Reports to Management Instructions to Users
System FunctionsInstructions to control staff
MAINTENANCE-----------------------Quality of DatabasesIntegrity of DatabasesBack-upsAttending Trouble - shootingUpgrades
SECURITY---------------
Identifying risksCounter measures
USER SUPPORT ------------------------ Training User documentation Help-desk On-line help
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KM & Paradigm-Shift in Librarians Role
OLD NEW
Warehouse-likefunction
Research supportfunction, desk-topdelivery
Desk-bound (‘Sit andWait’) service
Pro-active (‘Case-work’) service
Document provided‘as is’ little valueaddition
Value-added-information, Packagedknowledge
Managing manylibraries
Managing intranet anda few libraries
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Web as a media for KM
WWW provides hypertext access to documents located anywhere on
the Internet.Web facilitates combination of text, pictures, sound, animation
and video.Many varying information systems are tied into a homogeneous
browsable, searchable web.Net is equal opportunity provider without caste, creed, colour,
belief, etc.Net requires motivation and motivated learning is much more fun. Information sharing with global dimensions. IP enabling for accessing information databases.Facilitates keeping abreast of rapidly changing data.
WWW provides hypertext access to documents located anywhere on
the Internet.Web facilitates combination of text, pictures, sound, animation
and video.Many varying information systems are tied into a homogeneous
browsable, searchable web.Net is equal opportunity provider without caste, creed, colour,
belief, etc.Net requires motivation and motivated learning is much more fun. Information sharing with global dimensions. IP enabling for accessing information databases.Facilitates keeping abreast of rapidly changing data.
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Computer support for Computer support for knowledge processes…knowledge processes…
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How DL Can Contribute to KM?How DL Can Contribute to KM?Develop improved KM systems and tools –
by using relevant principles, processes, tools and techniques of DL
Integral part of an enterprise’s KM system in improved management of– Implicit and explicit knowledge
– Internal and external information assets
DL and KM: Domain AnalysisDL and KM: Domain Analysis
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Essence of KMEssence of KM
“Identifying, managing and sharing all of enterprise’s information assets, including database, documents, policies and procedures as well as unarticulated expertise and experience resident in individual workers” – Gartner group
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Essence of KM …Essence of KM …
Make effective information and expertise available at the time of need to improve the learning process
Take implicit knowledge held by key people and make it explicit for informed decision making across the enterprise
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Digital LibraryDigital Library
Organized collections of digitized material – Deployed over intranets and Internet via web– Typically via intranet library portal sites
Evolved out of extensive R&D with the advent of the Internet and the web
Large number of DL collections exist today
Co-exist with print-based libraries
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Digital Library …Digital Library …
Incorporate the principles and processes of knowledge organization in:– Print-based libraries – Automated libraries– Information retrieval systems
Currently domain specific (collection and/or user group)
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DL: MotivationDL: Motivation Anytime, anywhere access to large document
collections Promote scholarship and learning Promote collaboration and sharing of knowledge Preservation and conservation Structured access to semi-structured information Search across massive document collections Access to wider range of material
DL: ArchitectureDL: Architecture
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Principles and Processes of DL Principles and Processes of DL for KMfor KM
Information needs analysis and user profiling– Requirements studies, query negotiation and capture,
profiling for SDI/filtering/push (routing) services Content evaluation and selection
– Print, electronic and Internet –based sources (knowledge rating?)
Content capture, digitisation, conversion– Imaging, format conversion
Content de-selection
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Principles and Processes …Principles and Processes …
Content analysis and representation:– Classification, indexing and abstracting
Hierarchical, alphabetical-classed, thesarui –based knowledge organisation
Automatic content extraction, categorisation and summarisation systems
“Intranet taxonomies” – as basis for organising internal knowledge and to capture external knowledge
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Principles and Processes …Principles and Processes …
Cataloguing principles– Determination of access points for search– Rendering of personal and corporate names– Automatic name identification systems– Metadata
Information about informationEntry to the information store & rights
management
– Knowledge access needs to be metadata driven (currently – search engine driven)
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Principles and Processes …Principles and Processes …
Content organisation– Data compression
Text, multi-media objects
– Inverted file organisation for efficient search and browsing
– Representation of unstructured information: variable & repeating fields, records (e.g. ISO 2709)
– Full text indexing
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Principles and Processes …Principles and Processes …
Search and retrieval– Retrieval techniques: Exact match (Boolean) and best
match (Vector Space and Probabilistic), – Advanced search algorithms - citation/ link based
(e.g. Google came out of DL research in Stanford)– Powerful browse/ search features– Natural language queries– Relevance ranking – Relevance feedback and QBE (“Find more like this”)– Multi-media object searches (feature extraction)
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Principles and Processes …Principles and Processes … Standardisation and networking
– Cataloguing, classification & thesaurus systems
– Search across distributed information stores (Z39.50 IR Protocol)
– Information exchange via formats like MARC and CCF
– Metadata standards like Dublin Core
– Inter-operability (federated digital libraries) Persistent Identification of network-based digital objects (e.g.
DOI and linking of citations, handle system, PURL) CrossRef – Linking of citations across e-journals
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Enterprise KM: Functions and Enterprise KM: Functions and Challenges for DLChallenges for DLDL – integral component of the enterprise
KM system– Deployed via the intranet library portal – Dynamic knowledge base to gather and
organise relevant internal and global information sources, based on a taxonomy of the enterprise information needs, and make these available for decision making and learning
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Enterprise KM: Functions and Enterprise KM: Functions and Challenges for DL …Challenges for DL …Knowledge base of the DL:
– Internal information sources:Laboratory notes, project reports, staff
publications, staff profiles, annual reports, progress reports, vision documents, query profiles, search results, etc. (embedded implicit knowledge)
– External information sources:Locally held and/or remote information sources
(print, electronic)
– Online collaboration and information sharing
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Enterprise KM: Functions and Enterprise KM: Functions and Challenges for DL …Challenges for DL …Challenges for the DL:
– Granularity of access and content deliveryNeed to move beyond metadata level access and
document as units of access & deliveryAccess/ delivery at TOC/ chapter/ paragraph/
table/ figure level Implications for knowledge capture and
representation (structured / unstructured)
– Interactivity (feedback component)– Personalisation (customisable)
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Concluding Remark:Concluding Remark:
“In times of profound change, learners inherit the Earth, while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to deal
with a world that no longer exists”
- Al RogersExecutive Director
SchoolNet Foundation
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