Role of herbal drugs delineated in pharmaco-

therapeutic classification of Sushrutasamhita in

lifestyle diseases

AuthorDr. Sushama Bhuvad

PhD scholar

Dept of DravyagunaI.P.G.T.&R.A., GAU, Jamnagar

Co-authorProf.K.Nishteswar

Head of Department

The World Health Organization (2001) predicts that by 2020,mental illness will be the second leading cause of disabilityworldwide, after heart disease.

The International Labor Organization [(ILO), 2000] says mentalillness affects more human lives and gives rise to a greater wasteof human resources than all other forms of disability.

Mental disorders are one of the third leading causes of disability.In the EU, for example, mental health disorders are a major reasonfor granting disability pensions.

Five of the 10 leading causes of disability worldwide are mentalhealth problems – major depression, schizophrenia, bipolardisorders, alcohol use and obsessive-compulsive disorders – andaccount for 25-35% of all disability (Cameron, 2000).

Survey study

Reference: Nadia Clark in ,Richard Wynne , Stress Impact Project, Vocational rehabilitation and work resumption, WorkResearch Centre, Dublin, Ireland

Cont..

Employers are greatly affected by their employees’ mentalhealth, and employers affect – positively or negatively –their employees’ mental health

According to a survey conducted by the AssociatedChamber of Commerce and Industry (ASSOCHAM), 68percent of working women in the age bracket of 21-52years were found to be afflicted with lifestyle disorders suchas obesity, depression, chronic backache, diabetes andhypertension

Reference: Jomon Mathew, Occupational disease in India, Health and Nutrition analysis, YOJANA, October 2012, 46-48

Introduction

The term "stress" describes a state of threatened "homeostasis"(Greek for "'steady state") or threatened harmony, balance, orequilibrium.

Improper adaptation of lifestyle (Food, behavior) as well asstress (Environmental, physical, biological) lead to formation offree radicals

Damage caused by free radicals is called as ‘oxidative stress’which is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases like seniledementia, Alzheimer’s disease, immunity relateddisorders, carcinogenesis, inflammation and cardiovascularproblem.

Drugs possessing Rasayana, Vrishya, Balya, Brihmaniya, andJeevaniya activities can play a key role in the preventivemanagement of stress induced lifestyle induced (Non-communicable) diseases.

Experimental study- synthetic antioxidants The potential adverse effects of exogenous antioxidants on

consumer health has first concerned synthetic antioxidantsincluding BHA and BHT, following their carcinogenity andtoxicity at higher doses in rodents and monkeys, possiblyresulting from pro-oxidative properties at higherconcentrations.

Interestingly, high concentrations of antioxidants includingBHT and BHA in food items, can also increase spoilage of fooditems, rather then result in prolonged shelf-life due to pro-oxidative activities.

Keeping this in view, the need of the hour is to replacesynthetic antioxidants in foods and pharmaceuticalpreparations by natural antioxidants, due to presumablyincreased safety and higher acceptance by the consumer

Reference: Toxicology and biochemistry of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene.Branen AL, J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1975 Feb; 52(2):59-63.Moure A, Cruz JM, Franco D, Manuel Dominguez J, Sineiro J, Dominguez H, Nunez MJ, Parajo JC. Natural antioxidants from residual sources. FoodChem. 2001;72:145–171

The drugs intended for anti-stress management arecurrently explored under the various pharmacologicalcontexts such as anti ageing, antioxidant, adaptogenic,immunomodulatory activity.

Charaka and Sushruta had classified number of drugsbasing upon pharmacotherapeutics. (Cha.Su.4, Su.su.38)

Drugs mentioned in Kakolyadigana, Amalakyadigana andLaghupanchamoola by Sushruta do possess the Balya,Rasayana activities

Source of natural antioxidants

Aim and Objective

• To find natural sources of antioxidant whichcan cause less harm to human being.

• To explore the drugs delineated in Sushruta’spharmaco-therapeutic classification havingBalya, Vrishya and Rasayana properties.

Number of drugs in Sushruta’s classification (Su.su.38)

Sushruta

Kakolyadigana (18)

Laghu-panchamoola

(5)

Amalakyadigana (4)

= 27

Observation and Result

No. Dravya Botanical source Karma (Bh.Ni) Part used Experimental activity

1 Jivaka Microstylis wallichi

Lindl

Balya,

Shukraprada

Tuber Vidarikanda- ABTS assay, lipid peroxidation, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity

2 Rishabhaka Microstylis musifera

Lindl

3 Meda Polygonatum

verticillatum All

Vrishya, Brihmana Root extract

Shatavari- DPPH method

4 Mahameda Polygonatum

multiflorum All.

5 Kakoli Roscoea procera WallShukrala, Brihmana

Powdered root extract

Ashwagandha-Immunomodulatory activity

6 Kshirakakoli Roscoea procera Wall

7Ridhhi

Habenaria edgeworthiiHook. f. ex Collett.

Balya, Shukrala, Pranaishwaryakari Ethanolic

extract of tuber

Varahikanda-antioxidant activity8

VridhhiHabenaria intermediaD Don

Garbhaprada, Brihmani, Vrishya

Ashtavarga

No. Dravya Botanical source Karma (Bh.Ni) Part used Experimental activity9 Mudgaparni Phaseolus trilobus

AitChakushya, Grahi, Shukrala

Methanolic extract of root

Free radical scavenging by DPPH method

10 Mashaparni Teramnus labialisSpreng

- Methanolic extract of whole plant

Anti-oxidant and lipid peroxidation effect

11 Guduchi Tinosporacordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. &Thoms.

Rasayani, Balya, Deepaniya

Five different extracts of leaves

Total reducing sugar, lipid peroxidation, DPPH & superoxide radical scavenging method

12 Karkatashringi Pistacia integrimma Stew. ex.Brandis

- Methanol extract of gall

DPPH, reducing power, scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical

13 Tugakshiri Bambusa arundinacia Willd

Brihmani, Vrishya, Balya

- -

14 Padmaka Prunus puddumRoxb.ex Wall

Ruchya, Garbhasthapaka

- -

15 Prapaunadarika Saussureaobvallata or Cassia absus Linn

Shukrala, Chakshushya, Varnya

- -

No. Dravya Botanical source Karma (Bh.Ni) Part used Experimental activity16 Mridvika Vitis vinifera Linn Chakshushya,

Brimhani, Vrishya, svarya

Methanolic extract of fruit

Free radical scavenging DPPH, ORAC

17 Jivanti Leptadeniareticulata W &A

Rasayani, Balakari, Chakshushya

Ethanolic extract of leaf

Immunomodulatory and antioxidant

18 Yashtimadhu Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn

Chakshushya, Balya, Varnya, Shukrala, Keshya, Svarya

Ethanolic extract of leaves

Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants

19 Shalaparni Desmodium gangeticum DC

Brihmana, Rasayana, Vishahari

Total alcoholic extract

Superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase increases with lipid peroxide decrease

20 Prishniparni Uraria picta Desv Vrishya Aqueous extract of leaves

ABTS radical scavenging activity

21 Brihati Solanum indicum Linn

- Methanolic extract of berries

Free radical scavenging by DPPH

No. Dravya Botanical source Karma (Bh.Ni) Part used Experimental activity22 Kantakari Solanum

xanthocarpum Schrad &Wendle

Deepana, Pachana Various extract of berries

Free radical scavenging by DPPH

23 Gokshura Tribulus terrestrisLinn

Deepana, Vrishya, Pushtida, Balya

Ethanolic extract of whole plant

Adaptogenic activity

24 Amalaki Emblica officinalis Param-vrishya, Rasayana

Fruit Free radical scavenging activity,Adaptogenic activity

25 Haritaki Terminalia chebula Deepana, Medhya, Rasayana, Chakshushya, Ayushya, Brihamani

Fruit Antioxidant activity

26 Chitraka Plumbago zeylanica Raktachitraka-rasayana

Root Plumbagin has been shown to have immunomodulatingactivity

27 Pippali Piper longum Deepana, Vrishya, Rasayana

Fruit Antioxidant activity

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Agrya-aushadhi (Cha.Su.25/40)

Ashwagandha Vidarikanda Shatavari Guduchi

Haritaki Amalaki Draksha Gokshura

No. Dravya Disease1 Guduchi, Yashtimadhu Senile dementia, Alzheimer

disease2 Pippali Hepatic disorders3 Haritaki Obesity and related disorders4 Amalaki Diabetes insipidus (Prameha)5 Gokshura

AshwagandhaMale reproductive system

6 Kantakari Respiratory system7 Shatavari, Padmaka, Female reproductive system

Organ or disease specific vitalizers

The drugs included in the list contain either Madhurarasa, Madhuravipakaor Madhuraprabhava .

The activities or affects ascribed to either Madhurarasa or Madhuravipakaproduced in the body by the drug which is devoid of Madhurarasa andmadhuravipaka attributes should be considered as specific activities oreffects and can be interpreted as Madhuraprabhava.

As these drugs are bestowed with Balya, Brihmaniya, Chakshushya,Rasayana, Shukrala, Vrishya activities. And its combine effect i.e.Kakolyadigana (18), Amalakyadigana (4) and Laghupanchamoola (5) alsoshow same properties.

The scientific studies show that these drug do possess antioxidant,adaptogenic, immunomodulatory activity

Discussion

Among the Sushruta’s Kakolyadi, Amalakyadi andLaghupanchamoola groups it appears that Rasayana dravyaslike Haritaki, Amalaki, Pippali other less known drugs likeGokshura, Draksha, Jivanti, Shalaparni, Prishniparni, Brihati,Kantakari are reported to have antioxidant and adaptogenicactivities which can be prescribed as anti-stress drugs in themanagement of stress induced life-style disorders as a source ofnatural antioxidants.

Conclusion

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Thank you….