role of natmo in exploring and utilising geospatial...

NATMO’s Geospatial Technology

NSDI 12 New Delhi

Role of NATMO in Exploring and Utilising Geospatial Technology

Prof . (Dr.) V.C.Jha, Director, NATMO


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NATMO’s Geo-Spatial Technology

Prof. (Dr.) V. C. Jha Director NATMO

Geo-Spatial Technologies for Sustainable Development NSDI-12

New Delhi


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• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• SPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


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• MERCATOR PROJECTION

• GIS

• GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY


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• 500 Years of MERCATOR

• Gerardus Mercator ( born 5 March 1512 ) established the Mercator Projection, Thus presenting a realistic map of the WORLD. He made mapmaking a scientific endeavour 500 years hence, today Mercator is revered as a pioneering cartographer and his invention is a major breakthrough in Modern Cartography


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• First Globe was presented in 1541

• Paper Maps have been Created and used since the development of basic principles

• The Foundation of Geographic Analysis was established by Ptolemy

• During 15th and 16th Century Cartography dominated European Map Making

• Aerial Remote Sensing in 19th Century

• Remote Sensing in 20th Century

• 21st Century for Geospatial Space for DIGITAL MAPPING


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• 50 YEARS of GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

• A Visionary geographer, Dr Roger Tomlinson, affectionately called ‘Father of GIS’”conceived, developed and coined the Word ‘Geographic Information System(GIS)’ in 1962 for use by the Canada Land Inventary, changing the discipline of geography forever. Today, GIS is acknowledge as the most potent tool to the environment, earth’s resources and to optimally utilise them.


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• 15 Years of GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNIQUES

• Born out of the sheer need for reliable information and resource material in geospatial domain in 1997


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• It is a known fact that no discipline can survive without developing and adopting new strategy and technology in 21stcentury This applies to Sustainable Development and Management also


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• Remote Sensing and G I S Techniques have opened up a new vista for the Scientists by providing multifaceted information at a short notice about the Earth which happen to be the home of Man


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Data Mining

Large

Data Bases Data

Analysis

Human

Computer

Interaction

Machine

Learning

Statistical

Analysis Neural

Networks


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• Education itself is a dynamic notion. Geoinformatics has two basic parts Pure Geoinformatics and Applied Geoinformatics. Pure Geoinformatics is concerned with the fundamentals or Basics of Geoinformation Science which involves subjects on conceptual developments in the National and International context while Applied Geoinformatics is concerned with the Technology. In recent time, technology plays a pivotal role in teaching Cartography. With the advent of cyber technology, Applied Cartography has become the need of the present day Society. It not only helps in solving problems of Pure Sciences and Earth Science, but also helps in solving problems of Social Sciences and the Society at a large


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For example, now INDIA's Population is 121 corer. We can prepare Demographic Structure out of this by using Geospatial Technology. Not only that, the need of food, Infrastructure and other facilities needed for our present day age-group of 10-15 years can also be yielded through Geospatial Techniques. Even after 15 years when this age-group will proceed to youth, what will be their needs that can also be projected using Geospatial Information. Hence, it is very essential to use the Knowledge of GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY to full fill the demands of the Society.


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NATMO IS ESTABLISHED WITH THE MISSION TO

PREPARE THEMATIC MAPS AND ATLASES OF INDIA TO PROPEL SPATIAL PLANNING


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NATMO - A SELF INTRODUCTION • THE MAJOR ARENA OF NATMO IS TO DEAL WITH SPATIAL DATA.

• THERE IS NO OTHER NATIONAL ORGANISATION THAT DEALS WITH

A MULTITUDE OF SPATIAL DATA. (NO DATA IS OUT OF OUR PURVIEW TO BRING SPATIAL A SPATIAL LINK TO IT)

• THEMATIC MAPS AND ATLASES ARE JUST THE PRODUCTS.

• NATMO IS ALWAYS KEEN TO ADOPT EMERGING AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF GEOSPATIAL SCIENCES, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, MAPPING, AND CARTOGRAPHY.


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• NATMO HAS ITS OWN INNOVATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF CARTOGRAPHY AND PUBLICATION OF MAPS AND ATLASES.

• GEO-SPATIAL COMMUNITY ACROSS THE WORLD RECOGNISES NATMO FOR ITS UNIQUE ROLE IN HANDILING SPATIAL DATA.

• KOLKATA PORTAL IS A UNIQUE EXAMPLE OF NATMO’S ROLE/CONTRIBUTION IN THE FIELD OF SPATIAL DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION.


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NATMO Vision

• To become a distinguished institution in the world for providing quality products and services in the field of atlas and thematic cartography for education, planning, environmental management, national economy and for the common people


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Technology we are using….

•GIS •Remote Sensing •GPS •Digital Cartography •Web GIS


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HIGHLIGHTS OF SOME MAJOR ACTIVITIES

IN THE GEOSPATIAL DOMAIN.


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DISTRICT PLANNING MAP (DPMS)

A STRONG DATA RESOURCE BASE

FOR SPATIAL INFO


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DPMS DISTRICT PLANNING MAP SERIES

One of the most ambitious projects conceived and executed by the

collaborative effort of NATMO & Survey of India


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(DPMS) DISTRICT PLANNING MAP SERIES

• CURRENTLY THE WHOLE PROJECT IS EXECUTED BY NATMO


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To provide users and planners with

topographic and thematic information To provide a comprehensive picture of the

resource scenario of a district To serve a ready reference to planners &

administrators, researchers and the common public

To augment grass root level planning

THE CORE OBJECTIVES OF DPMS


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THE APPROACH

Collection of Base Materials Data verification Processing of data Depiction of data for Thematic maps


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Base Materials

• Survey of India topographical maps in

1: 250,000

• Corresponding sheets on

1: 50,000 and 1:25,000

• Satellite imageries and aerial photos


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Base Materials cont…

• Maps / information in the form of tables and write-ups etc also serve as base materials

• Relevant publications by the State Governments/Central Government.

• These information are collected from our own sources or from the field/District Administration


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DATA VERIFICATION

• The source and authenticity of data is examined

• Temporal validity of the data

• Screening and filtering of the data


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PROCESSING OF DATA

• Data processing is one of the major tasks in the preparation of DPMS maps, since it involves both topographical and thematic information.

• Statistical methods are employed in data processing for quantitative visualization of thematic maps.

• For example -Population map is shown with dot density.


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PROCESSING OF DATA Cont..

• To prepare quantitative maps like Relief, Industry, Irrigation and Groundwater, data is directly plotted on respective layers.

• And finally the cartographic representation of the whole set of data on a suitable Projection surface, and Scale.


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Cartographic Representation and Thematic Map Preparation

Projection Scale Symbology

MAP


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CONTENTS OF DPMS

• Main map in scale 1:250,000 is as good as an administrative map.

• Nine thematic maps in scale 1: 1,000,000 as insets depicts the resource scenario of the district.

• These are ……..


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INSET MAPS AT 1: 1,000,000 SCALE

a) RELIEF AND SLOPE

b) ROCKS AND MINERALS

c) CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

d) SOILS

e) IRRIGATION AND HYDROGEOLOGY

f) POPULATION

g) INDUSTRIES

h) LAND USE AND CROPPING PATTERN.

i) Natural Hazard (Recent addition)


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In addition to these 9 inset maps One Town map is shown in much larger scale


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WORKFLOW OF DPMS cont…

• To day all DPMS maps are prepared completely in a GIS platform.

• A systematic approach is followed to manage the database


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Malappuram District of Kerala The first DPMS map prepared in

digital mode

ACHIEVEMENTS


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Status of mapping Completed 250 districts In progress 90 districts

Completed

In progress

Map showing status of DPMS


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TECHNOLOGY CHANGES AND CHALLENGES


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Technology changes and Challenges

• Light tables give way to Desk tops and workstations.

• Delicacy to adopt the emerging technology

• To orient the technology to NATMO’s requirements

• Capacity building


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SOFTWARE COMPONENT

• GIS SOFTWARE ArcGIS, MapInfo, TNT, Super Map

• Remote sensing ERDAS, ENVI

• Graphics and cartography Map publisher

Adobe illustrator


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A brief Account of the Digital Technology


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DPMS BALANGIR DISTRICT

ODISHA


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Database of River network DPMS-Balangir, Odisha


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Road network


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Amenities and Infrastructure


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Locating a required information through query


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Part of Main Map - Balangir


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Golden map service (GMS)

Detailed mapping at 1:5000 scale of major cities and towns


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The service will involve all thrust areas of geospatial technologies along with web, internet and communication technologies

Using the latest developments in IT, the National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO) would map the entire country down to the village level using spatial technology through its Golden Map Service

Vision


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Procedure •Identification of area •Aquring high resolution satellite data (ikonos, digital globe, geoeye) •Rectification of images •Identifyng gps control points to collect in the field •Database creation and of basic layers •Data collection and field work •Incorporation of field data •Final map composition


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Present status

More than 50 towns under progress

Both hard copy and web publication

Scale 1:5000

Detalied web gis for Kolkata (www.natmomap.in)


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How we are doing…………….


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Methodology

Data collection from NRSC

Identification of GCP locations

(sub scene wise)

Image rectification using collected GCP’s

Image enhancement

Remote sensing


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Methodology

Calibration (projection, datum, units)

GPS

GCP collection

Down loading and processning


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Methodology

GIS

Creation of basic data layers themewise (roads, buildings, drainage, waterbody, utilities etc.,)

Digitisation

Identification of priority area

Ground survey

Incorporation of ground data

Finalisation of map and scrutiny

Clearence from defence and SOI

Publication

For sub categories for each theme Sub types and domains has to be created. Necessary fields and columns should create for attribute data

Data standards


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Scrutiny and finalisation

Manual of GMS guidelines

Methodology

Map composition

Digital cartography

Creation of standard symbol library


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Clearance from defence and SOI

Methodology

Publication

Modifications and alterations

Hardcopy web

•Book dimension •No. of pages •Layout •Impostion •CMYK seperation •Offset printing

•Layer separation •Attribute data structuring •Web design •Web hosting


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50,000 scale Toposheet grid

Projection: utm

Datum: WGS 84

Bangalore and Mysore


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26 subscenes of study area

Projection: utm

Datum: WGS 84

Bangalore

Mysore


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Toposheet grid over satellite data


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GCP locations for one single subscene



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GCP location accuracy



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50,000 scale Toposheet grid

Projection: utm

Datum: WGS 84


After return from the field


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Projected GCP’s

Projection: utm

Datum: wgs84


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Rectification using gcp’s



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Rectified images

Using 1st order polynominal

Transformations


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After rectification

At 5000 scale


Before rectification

At 5000 scale


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WHAT FOLLOWS POST RECTIFICATION?

DATABASE CREATION SOFTWARE USED ARC/GIS 9.3 SUPERMAP EXPRESS

INTIAL TASK IS TO TAKE UP ROAD NETWORK DATABASE WAS CREATED ACCORDINGLY DATA CAPTURING INITIATED


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DETAIL OF LAYERSLayers - GORAKHPUR-

1 Religion 2 Landuse 3 Health

i Temple i Bult up Area i Hospital & Nursing Home 4 i

ii Church ii Park/Garden/Green Field ii Blood Bank ii

iii Mosque iii Water Body & Tank iii Clinic/Dispensary/Medical

Centre 8

iv Gurdwara iv Drain iv Pathological

Laboratory/Diagonostic i

v Jain & Buddhist Shrine v Cultivated Land v Eye Bank

vi Other Religious Centres vi Locality Name 9

vii Idgah vii Important Landmark i

viiiGraveyard ii

5 Telecom 6 Education 7 Entertainment 10

i Post Office i School i Shop & Business

Establishment/Agency i

ii Post & Telegraph Office ii College ii Cinema Hall ii

iii Telegraph Office iii University iii Theatre & Public Hall

iii

11 Public Utilities

iv Other Educational &

Training Institute

iv Club

iv

i Bus Terminal v Library v Hotel/Guest House v

ii Railway Reservation Counter vi Computer Training Centre vi Restaurent vi

iii Air Line Office vii Marriage House/Auditorium vii

iv Newspaper Office viii

v Fire Station 12 Communication 13 Railway

vi Police Station i Television Office i Any Railway Name 14

vii Bank ii Radio Office ii Railway Station Name

viiiMarket iii Mobile Tower

ix Milk Booth

x Public Call Office

FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES ARE BEING ATTACHED IN DATABASE


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DIGITIZATION IN ARC/GIS


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DATA CAPTURING IN PROGRESS -ROADS ACCORDING TO IMPORTANCE


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WORK PROGRESS IN SUPERMAP


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JAIPUR - A COMPLETER VIEW


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IMAGE REMOVED FROM BACKGROUND


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LEGEND


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JAIPUR CITY MAP - A BY PRODUCT OF GMS


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CLOSE VIEW OF PINK CITY


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Mapping status


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SEARCH

SHAHID MINAR


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SHAHID MINAR


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Kolkata Municipal

Corporation

SALT LAKE


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SEARCH

NATMO

HEADQUARTERS


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CREATE

BUFFER


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Cartography as evident now has a varied field and thematic maps have their basis in geomorphology .All geological,soil,hydrological,vegetation and landuse maps simply serve thematic information in the initial phases.For example,Hydrological maps,besides supplying information on surface and groundwater,geological formations which support the accumulation of water,also include data on the shape of the river basins,density of relief dissection,slope of the land and hence the irrigation requirements of the region can be ascertained.


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With the changing times it is required that constant updating to latest techniques is to be done . This is necessary as the problems challenging us are now manifesting themselves in newer forms also. The emphasis now is how to reduce casualties in times of natural calamities, how to prevent entire croplands from being turned unproductive, how to enhance better crop yields to feed the increasing population, rainwater harvesting in dry areas, preventing runoff and retaining soil moisture. Cartography can be successful if the output not only saves costs but time as well.GIS laboratories are essential now both for land surveys and mapping. Establishment of Digital Image Processing laboratories not only generate credibility and authority to cartographic products but in the long run result in better policy making. The provision for establishment of Geomorphic Informatics Cell with Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Laboratory will help in creation of a Geomorphic Database and National Data can be transferred, described and presented in National Spatial Data Infrastructure(NSDI) format.


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These may be in the form of : i) The concept of Geomorphic Atlas of India beginning from Village Micro-level unit which can be user oriented based. ii)Chronological Development of Geomorphic Zones ( Mapping and Interpretation) Keeping pace with the demands of modern policy makers and planners NATMO has geared itself to use the latest technologies available to bring about improved accuracy and authenticity in its cartographic outputs. With digitisation becoming widespread the incorporation of geospatial techniques are necessary


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With the help of modern state-of-the-art technologies in the field of map making, NATMO has also transitioned itself totally to grab the maximum use of various geo-spatial technologies in its activities. Now, geo-spatial techniques have become the life-line for preparation of micro, meso and macro-level maps in NATMO. Almost in every phase of its activity, geo-spatial data and techniques are the most essential tools to the scientists and researchers in NATMO. NATMO has already moved from paper map to digital map. Hence, NATMO has and will ever have a pivotal role in the path forward into the geo-spatial space of the country. Some important steps towards that are added hereunder;


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Accordingly, NATMO has planned its Path forward into the Geospatial Space as well. With the advent of geo-spatial technologies, now cartographers have the resources to use various geo-spatial data which are at their fingertips electronically. Thematic Mapping has a key role to play in organising geospatial data. Precise location and identification of geo-attributes of a terrain to facilitate their pragmatic utilization in support of utility installations which can be spread over thousands of square kilometere is possible through geospatial data systems. Normally ground observers have to physically travel to collect data and there is a limit to the amount of data that can be collected in a particular time. Geospatial techniques can inspect infrastructures more frequently, with higher density, precision and time.


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NATMO is the largest and most efficient government organisation in the country which is using and still has ample scope to use geo-spatial space in micro, meso and macro-level mapping for effective planning and development of the country. II. Database is the most important source for effective planning towards the development of a country. Framing of National Data Policy, establishment of NSDI are some initiatives taken-up by the Govt. in this regard. But still they are not sufficient to mitigate all the requirements in this arena. As NATMO has been using geo-spatial techniques and has expert knowledge of its use; in the near future, NATMO can become the richest and most reliable provider of geo-spatial data-base.


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. Remote Sensing, GIS, and GPS techniques and their utilities rule the roost in this cyber-age. Our country is still not sufficient, though most capable in this sector, due to lack of proper monitoring only. If NATMO is entrusted and supported with appropriate infrastructure, it can become a vital source for catering geo-spatial data and other utilities which can be used for planning and development by the government bodies as well as the common people of the country. It can also impart training and support to different organisations, researchers, planners in effective use of geo-spatial techniques. IV. Issues related to Disaster-management, loss of fertile crop land due to land degradation and desertification, effective measures for environmental hazards and substantive steps for restricting pollution are the challenges to a developing nation in the present age. Use of geo-spatial technologies is the most effective and precise tool in this regard. Being a government organisation, NATMO can share its responsibility towards the above challenges by using its knowledge and resources in geo-spatial arena.


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In recent times the spurt of interest in the planets of our solar system has opened up a new field of research. The surface morphology of the moon and the Mars are now being brought under scrutiny to determine their genesis. Thus planetary geomorphology is the new area for present day studies where geospatial analysis techniques can be utilized for resource analysis too. NATMO can definitely play a positive role here as a pioneer in our country for further analysis of such prospects using geospatial information of such locations.


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NATMO has already started its journey to turn itself to be the most important source in the field of geo-spatial space of the country and is also executing tire-less research and activities to that effect.


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Thus, Mapping of any region can thus be considered as an important factor to carry out any investigation based upon areal qualities and analysis can be based upon the attributes gathered. Layers of information can be incorporated in a single map or in a particular theme based one that can be brought under scrutiny.


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In the words of Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam, “We need to explore how geospatial technology can help the bottom of the pyramid. Creating a sustainable development model for the 3 billion rural people involves linking data, information exchange and proper dissemination."


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

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