role of prefabricated systems in massive low energy...
TRANSCRIPT
1 23/10/2015 Groupe Systèmes Énergétiques - Institut Forel - Institut des sciences de l’environnement
Role of prefabricated systems in massive Low Energy Renovation of Building
Mark Zimmermann Empa
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How much energy do we really need ?
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Basic needs for living
Social security
Social network
Social competition
Personel fulfillment
Maslow Pyramide
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Source: UN Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Countries with Highest CO2 Emissionen per Capita
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Source: UN Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Countries with Highest CO2 Emissionen per Capita
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Countries with Largest Negative Climate Impact
Source: UN Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development
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Loosers and Winners
Largest emittors
Largest impact of climate change
Both
Source: UN Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development
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Global CO2-Concentration
Source: Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/)
Februar 2005 Kyoto-Protokoll in force
1997 Kyoto-Protokoll agreed
1973 1. Oil crisis
Pre-industrial level: ca. 275 ppm 260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
pp
m
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The 2000 Watt Concept
In order to achieve also the goals of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change) of 1 ton CO2-emissionen per capita, only 500 W may come from fossil fuels, 1’500 W have to come from renewable, CO2-free energy resources.
About 2'000 Watt per capita (17'500 kWh/a) are needed, to ensure a healthy society that achieves a reasonable level of prosperity
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Aimed Distribution of Energy
Source: Novatlantis, www.novatlantis.ch
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Max. Heating load < 10 W/m2 Heating power < 10 kWh/(m2·a) Air leakage of envelope nL50 < 0.6 /h Efficient, electrical appliances
(A label) About 30‘000 housing units built in D, A, CH
Passive Houses fulfil 2000 Watt-criteria
Sunnywoods, Architekt Beat Kämpfen
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Pri
mar
y En
ergy
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n M
J/m
2 F
HA
Heating Hot Water Electricity Construction Renewal
Efficiency Curve of Buildings
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
SIA380/1 Minergie Passive house CH Ø
Target 2000 Watt
From 15 to 1 L/m² for heating
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Heating Demand of Building Stock Heating Energy Demand and Heated Floor Area of Dwellings in Zurich
kWh/m²a
1900 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050 1925
50
100
150
New
buildings
50
100
150
200
kW
h/m
²a
Target
Constructed floor area (million m²) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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Repair – Renewal – Demolition ?
What is an optimal renovation strategy?
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Renewal or Reconstruction?
Renewal
Renewal
evtl.
Reconstruction
Reconstruction
Renewal
Repair Renewal
Renewal
evtl.
Reconstruction
Repair Repair
Repair
evtl.
Reconstruction
Potential for extension
small medium large
≈ 0 % ≈15 % >25 %
Lo
cati
on
po
or
mediu
m
attra
ctive
… also to be
considered
• Usability / flexibility
/ Demand
• Construction
quality, sound
protection,
earthquake safety
• Integration in
neighborhood,
historic value
• Tenant situation
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Building renewal with prefabricated elements
80-90 % energy savings + added values (room extension, attic apartment)
Deep Building Renovation
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Traditional Renovation
hardly future oriented
too many technical compromises
to many craftsman involved
poor coordination on site
low quality level
inefficient construction processes
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Whole building concept
no technical compromises
few companies involved
well coordinated modules
quality assurance
rapid construction processes
K. Viridén, Zurich Prefab Building Renovation
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Prefab Building Renovation
SOLTAG
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Soltag project by Velux, Copenhagen Denmark
Prefab Building Renovation
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Large size modules developed by Austrian team
Austrian Façade Elements
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Swiss Façade Elements
Small size modules developed by Swiss team
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French Façade Elements
Large size prefabricated steel frame retrofit modules
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Prefabrication of large elements has to ensure that the elements will fit to the existing building
Picture: Wood-Wisdom, TES-EnergyFaçade
Challenge of Pre-Fabrication
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Laser Scanning – Design Support
Planarity of façades Horizontal sections
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Planning of Façade Modules
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Prefabrication of Façade Elements
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Mounting of Façade Elements
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Krummbach School and Caretakers Building
Krummbach School and Caretakers Building
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before retrofit
after retrofit
PV electricity
kWh-
(m²·y)
200
150
100
50
0
Zug Zürich Krummbach Roosendaal Graz, 3-19 Graz, 4-14
Energy consumption for heating ventilation, hot water
Demonstration projects in Austria, Netherlands, Switzerland
6 Demonstration sites with totally 363 apartments and 1 school
IEA Demonstration Buildings
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Renovation of 3 apartment buildings (1959) completed 2008, GAP-Solution / AEE INTEC
Austrian Demonstration Buildings
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Renovation of 2 apartment buildings (1970) completed 2009, GAP-Solution / AEE INTEC
Austrian Demonstration Buildings
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Renovation of row houses buildings (1952) completed 2009,
GAP-Solution / AEE INTEC
Austrian Demonstration Buildings
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Renovation of apartment building (1952) completed 2009, Miloni Architects
Swiss Demonstration Buildings
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Renovation of apartment building (1952) completed 2009, Beat Kaempfen Architects
Swiss Demonstration Buildings
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Renovation of school building (1952) completed 2011, Bruno Thoma / Alexander Ritz
Swiss Demonstration Buildings
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Renovation of residential area by DAT archiecten / Trecodome
Dutch Demonstration Buildings
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Actual Repair Low energy Demolition state only renovations reconstruction
Society Environment Economy
European Retrofit Advisor
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45 23/10/2015 Groupe Systèmes Énergétiques - Institut Forel - Institut des sciences de l’environnement
46 23/10/2015 Groupe Systèmes Énergétiques - Institut Forel - Institut des sciences de l’environnement
Existing
Building
Traditional
Renovation
Traditional
Low Energy
Renovation
Prefab Retrofit
with
Steep Roof
Prefab Retrofit
with
Flat Roof
Prefab Retrofit
with Room
Extension
European Retrofit Advisor
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European Retrofit Advisor
48 23/10/2015 Groupe Systèmes Énergétiques - Institut Forel - Institut des sciences de l’environnement
Traditional
buildings should be
refurbished with
traditional methods
Historical Buildings
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About 85% nanoporous aerogel
granulate is used as additive for the
light weight plaster
Mineral rendering that is insulating
like air
New Insulation Rendering
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Thermal conductivity < 30 mW / (m·K) in real application
60 – 80 mm thickness of one layer
Sprayable with available rendering machines
Vapour resistance μ < 5
Purely mineral
Low shrinkage
Applicable in- and outside
New Insulation Rendering
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Spraying of Aerogel Renderings
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0 2 4 6 8 The
rmal
co
nd
uct
ivit
y m
W/(
m·K
)
Pressure [bar]
Render A Render B
Poly-
styrene
Air
High pressures of approx. 8 bar press free water into the aerogel pores. If this happens, the thermal conductivity will increase rapidly.
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67
110
70 70 70
8575
80
130
90
7570
25
Wärmeleitfähgikeit heutiger Dämmputze im
Vergleich [mW / (m K)]
Thermal conductivity of insulating rendering systems in mW/(m·K)
Thermal Conductivity of Insulation Renderings
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Prefab Retrofit suitable for deep renovation
Energy savings > 80% are realistic target, potential for Zero or Plus-energy building
Energy savings measures itself are hardly cost effective > added values needed
Expected service life > 50 years
Technologies are available
Summary Prefab Building Retrofit
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Social challenges for energy retrofit
Financing situation for building renovation often difficult
Additional legal requirements for comprehensive renovations (earthquake, fire, sound, energy, water management, electrical installations)
Trend to self-owned apartments with emphasis on internal and step by step renovations
Additional difficulties for inhabited construction sites, especially during winter time
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Thank you for your attention!
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