role of social enterprises in employment generation in cee and the cis - national study in serbia...
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Role of Social Enterprises in Employment Generation in CEE And The CIS
- National Study in Serbia –
Marija Babovic
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Main findings
• Social entrepreneurship does exist, despite unfavourable framework.
• Non-profit sector is dominant. • Many organisations depend of donor
support. • There are new markets. • There are new and undiscovered
fields
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Approach to SEs sectorSocial context (labor market, institutional and legal framework, economic conditions, profit sector, socio-cultural capital
Demand side:•Marginalized groups•Local community•Global society
Supply side:Diversity of organizational forms - more embryonic than developed SEs
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Vulnerable groupsGroups Approximate size Unemployment
rate
Refugees from Croatia and BiH 107 000 32%
Internally displaced persons from Kosovo
200 000 32%
Returnees from Western Europe unknown -
Persons with disabilities 760 000 -
Roma population 108 000 – 400 000 39%
Unemployed older than 50 190 000 -
Different categories of women: with low education, self-supporting mothers, women from rural areas, victims of violence, victims of trafficking
unknown -
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Present SEs formsLegal and functional criteria
Legal formTypes
Association of citizens - Voluntary organizations- self-help organizations- Religious organizations- Microfinance organizations
Cooperative - agricultural cooperatives- women’s cooperatives- social cooperative
Limited liability company
- SME Agency- Incubator- Spinn off enterprises
Joint stock company Spinn off enterprises
Vocational enterprises for handicapped
Vocational enterprises for handicapped
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Voluntary organizations1. self-help organisations incorporating beneficiary
group
2. socially (externally) oriented organisations - oriented towards external goals and groups:
a) organisations oriented towards strictly defined target
group
b) organisations oriented towards several target groups or towards general local development
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Example of self help organizationMassage saloon of Belgrade Association of Blind Persons
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Examples of socially oriented organizations
Agronetwork
Microfins
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Cooperatives
1. Agricultural cooperatives
2. Women's cooperatives, created by efforts of women's NGOs
3. Social cooperatives, created to economically and socially integrate extremely marginalized groups of persons with disabilities
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Social cooperative “Vivere”
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Enterprises for vocational training and employment of persons with disabilities
Protective institutional framework
Small number of succesfull, privatized
Majority faces typical problems of untransformed social sector:– poor management – poor level of training and the lack of motivation of
employees– technological obsoleteness – activities that generate operating losses– physical conditions for work not adapted to persons with
disability
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Social entrepreneurship within forms of enterprises
• Spin-off enterprises of voluntary organizations
• SME agencies
• Business incubators
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Main obstacles and potentials
Obstacles• Unfavourable legal
framework • Low level of awareness
about SEs potentials and posibilities among all stakeholders Prevailing of traditional model of solidarity
• Low aspirations of profit sector to develop interests in social economy
Potentials
• High level of needs on demand side (marginalized groups)
• Experienced, flexible, inovative part of third sector
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Priorities: Creating more favorable legal framework Promoting SEs among third sector
organizations with adequate potential – focusing mostly on organizations that can directly employ members of vulnerable groups
Spreading information on good practices among profit sector, third sector, state actors, local communities and general public