.

ROLE OF THE ECONOMY?

• Compete with other clans for pastures

• Steal each other's livestock

• Cross farmers' lands and clash with the owners

• Must stand their ground: be outspoken and assertive

PASTORALISTS: CULTURE OF HONOR(Nisbett & Cohen, 1996)

• Must collectively manage complex irrigation systems

• Must be able to work with others

• Must avoid clashes and conflicts

• Must keep a low profile and be adaptable and flexible

RICE CULTIVATORS: CULTURE OF ADAPTATION

Nationally representative samples (1000-3000 per nation)

Nearly 100 nations studied

Surveys of values, beliefs, attitudes

Latest data: 2005-2008

• Religious or atheist: RELIGIOUS - ATHEIST

• Happy or not: HAPPY - UNHAPPY

• Proud of nation or not PROUD - HUMBLE

• Control life or not FREE - CONSTRAINED

• Follow others or be yourself ADAPTABLE - INVARIANT

• Live up to expectations or not CONSISTENT - FLEXIBLE

• Trust people or not TRUSTING - DISTRUSTFUL

WORLD VALUES SURVEY SELF-DESCRIPTIONS