roman military osvaldo jaimes. table of contents weapons armor roman ranks so roman ranks other...
TRANSCRIPT
Table of contents• Weapons• Armor• Roman Ranks SO• Roman Ranks Other• Groups• Roman Generals• Discipline• Decimation• Bibliography
Pugio (dagger)
• Dagger like weapon used by legionnaires • Secondary Weapon• Leaf Shaped Blade• 3 millimeters thin • 18-28 cm long
Gladius (sword)
• Short sword of the SPQR• Used mostly to stab rather than slash due to
space • Known as “Spanish Sword” due to inheritance
from Spain • Design of hilt identified the rank of the soldier
Hasta (spear)• Used to stab and
smack the enemy rather than being thrown
• Wooden shaft made of ash
• Iron Triangular shaped tip
• Usually found at the last line of army carried by legionnaires
Pilum (javelin)
• Heavier javelin than normal• When thrown with speed, the impact, would
pierce through a shield or armor• When pierced in a shield, the pilum is not easy
to take out and is useless
Spatha
• Longer than Gladius• Worn on Left hip• 30-39 inches in length• Romans adopted it from Germanic foes
Verutum (light javelin)
• Javelin lighter and shorter than the pilum• Used by the Velites or light infantry]• 1.1 meter long shaft with a 13 centimeter tip• Used mostly to keep war elephants away • Was replaced by the pilum
Lorica Segmentata
• More improved version of gladiator torso armor
• Laminated iron straps joined together by hooks or leather straps
• iron straps gave you maximum protection
• Design of the armor allowed for easy torso movements
Lorica Hamata
• “hook armor”• Made completely of iron• Known to be worn by the heavy
infantry legionnaires • Made of small heavy metal
rings making it the strongest yet most flexible piece of armor
Parma
• 36 inch shield in diameter• Frame was made of iron making it very
effective• Worn by the lowest division- The Velites• effective in blocking arrows
Manica (Arm Guard)
• Proved to be effective by gladiators• Made of overlapping iron or bronze circular
bands latched on leather• Flexible and comfortable to be worn by a
swordsman
Caligae (boots)
• Sandals with heavy thick soles• Boots were laced from the center to the
ankle of the foot by leather straps• Open air design to avoid blisters• Same design for every soldier
Tribuni Angusticlavii• Young soldiers• Part of high raked families• There were 5 tribuni
angusticlavii in each legion
Praefectus Castorum
• Usuallly war veterans• Hard on their legions• Third in command• Had some of the least power
Tribunis Laticlavius
• Co leader of the legions
• In charge after the Dux
• Mostly needed when anything happened to the other leaders
• Less power than the Dux
Dux
• General for more than 2 legions• Every Dux was a professional• Leaders of more than 1 unit• Commanded the troops
Decurio• Commander of
a small calvary• 10-30 men• Originally
commanded a decuria (10)
• Later commanded a turma (32)
Tesserarius
• 2nd in command• One in every
centuria• Administrative
assistant• Similar to non
commissioned officers
Optio
• 60 per legion• Chosen by a centurion• Similar to an executive
officer• Enforced orders of a
centurion
Centuria
• 100 soldiers• After the roman
legions• Commanded by a
centurion which was a professional leader
Cohort
• Centuria had 10 cohorts• Had from 480-500 men• Basic unit• Junior officers helped in
commanding
Julius Caesar
• Julius Caesar considered one of the best Roman Generals. During the Civil war he helped the Empire grow and get more powerful. He was very popular in Rome and later became leader of Rome.
Scipio Africanus
Scipio Africanus was a general in the second Punic War against Hannibal, which he managed to defeat. He was best known for his tactics and his studying of Hannibal’s tactics which led him to victory.
Augustus Caesar
• Augustus mostly like Julius was very popular and really smart. He was best when hard situations were brought to him. He was the emperor from September 63 B.C. until August 14 A.D. He was known for creating the era of peace and being victorious against big leaders
Pecunaria Multa
• Deductions were placed on the soldier’s pay check
• You were given several chances for this discipline
• You eventually got hit
Unmanly Acts
• Punished if you were a coward
• Punished in groups of ten
• Less food was given to you
• Beaten to death
Decimation
• In English the word decimation means to destroy or obliterate completely. In Latin decimatio meant to destroy 1/10 of something. The difference between these two is in English you get rid of that particular something completely.
Bibliography• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_personal_equipment#Pu
gio• http://www.ancientmilitary.com/roman-weapons.htm• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ancient-roman-weapons.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatha• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verutum• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ancient-roman-armor.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma_(shield)• http://s_van_dorst.tripod.com/Ancient_Warfare/Rome/hierarchy.html• http://www.makethelist.net/top-10-greatest-roman-generals/• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decurio• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decurio• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesserarius
Bibliography• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scipio_Africanus• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus• http://www.biography.com/people/julius-caesar-9192504• http://
www.buzzle.com/articles/roman-army-ranks-in-order.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_legion• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centuria• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort_(military_unit)• http://www.tribunesandtriumphs.org/roman-army/roman-co
horts.htm• http://
www.bible-history.com/sketches/ancient/roman-centurion.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_cavalry• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_decorations_an
d_punishments• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar