roman republic roman empire roman achievements the growth of christianity the fall of rom e
TRANSCRIPT
ROMAN REPUBLICROMAN EMPIRE
ROMAN ACHIEVEMENTSTHE GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY
THE FALL OF ROME
ANCIENT ROME
REPUBLIC: a system of government where
the officials are chosen by the people
PATRICIANS• Landholding upper class• 300 patricians made up
the senate• The senate was the most
powerful body of government
PLEBEIANS • Farmers, merchants,
artisans, traders• Majority of the
population• Had little influence in the
government
ROMAN REPUBLIC
TWO SOCIAL CLASSES
• The Senate elected two consuls from the patrician class
• Power was shared between the senate and the consuls
• In the event of war, the senate would choose a dictator
• The plebeians elected tribunes (officials) to represent their views
ROMAN REPUBLICGOVERNMENT
• Covered civil, criminal, and religious law, as well as trial procedure
• Provided a foundation for later Roman law codes
ROMAN REPUBLICTWELVE TABLES OF ROMAN LAW
• Punic Wars – Rome fought three wars against Carthage, located in North Africa
• Between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C. Romans and Carthaginians fought bloody battles
• Outcome of the Punic Wars – Rome conquered Carthage
• Other conquests – Macedonia, Greece, parts of Asia Minor, Spain, Gaul
HOW DID ROME WINAN EMPIRE
WHERE’S CARTHAGE?
ROMAN EMPIRE
• Ambitious military commander who rose to power and forced the senate to make him dictator
JULIUS CAESARDICTATOR OF ROME
• At one time, dominated Roman politics with Pompey, another military commander
• He set out to expand Rome and conquered Gaul after nine years of fighting
• Suppressed rebellions and revolts taking place throughout the Mediterranean – “I came, I saw, I conquered”
• Forced the senate to make him dictator• Imposed many reforms – public works programs, employment,
gave land to the poor, granted Roman citizenship to more people, introduced a new calendar based on Egyptian knowledge
• On March 15th, 44 B.C. Julius Caesar was assassinated – “Ides of March”
JULIUS CAESARDICTATOR OF ROME
• Means “Roman Peace”• 200 year period of time that
brought peace, order, unity, and prosperity
• The golden age of Ancient Rome• Began with Emperor Augustus • Many achievements were made• Ended after the death of Marcus
Aurelius
PAX ROMANA
GRECO-ROMAN CIVILIZATION: a
classical civilization that blended both Greek and Roman culture
ROMAN ACHIEVEMENTS
LANGUAGE
LAW
ENGINEERING
RELIGION ARCHITECTURE
ROMANACHIEVEMENTS
• Colosseum: Ancient
Rome’s largest stadium where spectators watched the slaughter of exotic animals and gladiators battling to the death
• Gladiators: Slaves who had been trained to fight; they would battle one another in the Colosseum for entertainment
ROMAN ACHIEVEMENTS
• Aqueducts: Bridge like stone structures that brought water from the hills to Roman cities
ROMAN ACHIEVEMENTS
ROMAN ACHIEVEMENTS
The Pantheon Building
Jesus is born in 4 B.C.E. in Bethlehem
Around age 30, Jesus began spreading his teachings. To help him, he recruited 12 apostles
THE GROWTH OFCHRISTIANITY
Jesus was crucified by the Romans because they thought he might lead the Jews to revolt against the Romans
Followers of Jesus (apostles, disciples) preached Jesus’ message. The most influential were Peter and Paul.
THE GROWTH OFCHRISTIANITY
For three centuries, Christians were persecuted by the Romans. They were thought to be disloyal to Rome.
In 313 C.E., Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, freeing the Christians from religious persecution
THE GROWTH OFCHRISTIANITY
Roman Catholic Church was established and legalized
In the 380’s, Christianity became the official religion of Rome
THE GROWTH OFCHRISTIANITY
WHERE WAS IT FOUNDED?• Roman Empire, Middle EastWHO WAS THE FOUNDER?• JesusWHAT IS THE SACRED TEXT?• The BibleWHERE DID IT INFLUENCE?• It spread worldwide
CHRISTIANITY
MAJOR BELIEFS• Monotheistic (Trinity)• Jesus was resurrected
and rose to heaven• Christ is the savior• Justice and morality• Ten Commandments:
ethical code of conduct• Old and New Testament
CHRISTIANITY
FALL OF ROME
• Government became too strict (authoritarian)
• People stopped supporting the government
• The empire divided – Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman EmpireWestern Roman Empire Capital – RomeEastern Roman Empire Capital – Constantinople
MAJOR CAUSESPOLITICAL
• Roman army lacks training and discipline
• Barbaric invasions (Germanic tribes, Vikings, Huns)
• Romans were forced to hire foreign soldiers to defend the borders (mercenaries)
MAJOR CAUSESMILITARY
• Heavy taxes to support the government
• Farmers began to abandon their land
• Middle class families were going into poverty
• Romans depended too much on slaves
MAJOR CAUSESECONOMIC
• Because people depended on slaves too much, people became selfish and lazy
• Patriotism and traditional Roman citizenry declined
• People neglected the state and focused more on personal salvation
• Population declined because of disease and war
MAJOR CAUSESSOCIAL
• The fall of Rome refers to the fall of the Western Roman Empire
• The Eastern Roman Empire continued to prosper and flourish for another 1000 years, and renamed itself the Byzantine Empire
• The Western Roman Empire entered a period of chaos, disorder, and disunity
THE AFTERMATH