ROMANESQUE ARTROMANESQUE ART

WHAT WAS ROMANESQUE WHAT WAS ROMANESQUE ART LIKE?ART LIKE?

Romanesque: It’s a new style of art, Romanesque: It’s a new style of art, called so, because it is called so, because it is reminiscent reminiscent of Roman artof Roman art

(But it has got nothing to do with (But it has got nothing to do with Roman art)Roman art)

What was the romanesque What was the romanesque art used for?art used for?

Romanesque art aimed (Romanesque art aimed (buscababuscaba) to ) to spread (spread (propagarpropagar) religion and bring ) religion and bring people closer to Godpeople closer to God

What were the main What were the main buldings?buldings?

The most representative buildings The most representative buildings were were churcheschurches, , cathedralscathedrals, and , and monasteriesmonasteries..

Sculptures and paintings were used Sculptures and paintings were used to convey (transmit) spirituality.to convey (transmit) spirituality.

ROMANESQUE ARTROMANESQUE ART

ROMANESQUEROMANESQUE

From the 11th century, a new style of From the 11th century, a new style of art spread throughout Western art spread throughout Western Europe. It is known as Europe. It is known as RomanesqueRomanesque because it is reminiscent of Roman because it is reminiscent of Roman art. art.

Romanesque art aimed to spread Romanesque art aimed to spread religion and bring people closer to religion and bring people closer to God. God.

The use of symbols was very The use of symbols was very important. Everything had a important. Everything had a message, from the shape of the message, from the shape of the buildings to the materials and motifs buildings to the materials and motifs used. used.

The artists were mostly The artists were mostly anonymous anonymous craftsmencraftsmen. Once they had finished . Once they had finished work in one place they usually work in one place they usually moved to another place. moved to another place.

In Architecture, the most In Architecture, the most representative buildings were representative buildings were churcheschurches, , cathedralscathedrals and and monasteriesmonasteries. .

Sculpture and painting were used Sculpture and painting were used to convey to convey spiritualityspirituality. .

ROMANESQUE ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

The main Romanesque buildings The main Romanesque buildings were made of were made of stonestone. At first they . At first they had flat, had flat, wooden roofswooden roofs, but fires , but fires were frequent and stone was safer. were frequent and stone was safer.

Wooden roofWooden roof

ROMANESQUE ELEMENTSROMANESQUE ELEMENTS

The architects used The architects used Roman elements Roman elements such as such as barrel barrel vaultsvaults and and domes. domes.

Barrel vaultBarrel vault

DomesDomes

The buildings had The buildings had round archesround arches and and big columns and pillars. The walls big columns and pillars. The walls were very thick. The windows were were very thick. The windows were very small, and there were not many very small, and there were not many of them. They let little light inside. of them. They let little light inside. Consequently, the buildings looked Consequently, the buildings looked very solid and compact. very solid and compact.

Round archesRound arches

Round Round archesarches

PlansPlans

The plan churches were usually The plan churches were usually cruciformcruciform, to recall the cross on , to recall the cross on which Jesus died: a Latin cross. which Jesus died: a Latin cross.

The long arm of the cross was made The long arm of the cross was made up of one or more naves finishing in up of one or more naves finishing in an an apseapse. The shorter arm is called . The shorter arm is called the transept. the transept.

ApseApse

Cruciform planCruciform plan

Romanesque sculptureRomanesque sculpture

In the Middle Ages, art had an In the Middle Ages, art had an educational and religious function. educational and religious function. Most people could not read or write. Most people could not read or write. Images taught them about the Images taught them about the Christian religion. The size and shape Christian religion. The size and shape of Romanesque sculptures were of Romanesque sculptures were adapted to fit into the space adapted to fit into the space available. Human figures were available. Human figures were unrealisticunrealistic. .

TyphanumTyphanum

Is it schemathic or Is it schemathic or realistic?realistic?

The The sculptures were painted in sculptures were painted in bright coloursbright colours. Today most of the . Today most of the colours have disappeared. colours have disappeared.

The facades of the churches, The facades of the churches, specially the specially the tymphanumstymphanums, were , were decorated with subjects such as decorated with subjects such as Christ in GloryChrist in Glory and the and the Last Last JudgementJudgement. .

TymphanumsTymphanums

TymphanumsTymphanums

Christ in Glory (into a Christ in Glory (into a Tymphanums)Tymphanums)

Sculptures were painted in Sculptures were painted in bright coloursbright colours

The The capitalscapitals and the and the cloisterscloisters were were decorated with animals, plants, decorated with animals, plants, Biblical stories, and everyday scenes. Biblical stories, and everyday scenes.

There were wooden carvings, There were wooden carvings, ussually on the altars. Two main ussually on the altars. Two main themes were shown: The Virgin and themes were shown: The Virgin and the Child and Christ on the Cross. the Child and Christ on the Cross.

CapitalsCapitals

the upper part of a the upper part of a columncolumn

Romanesque CloisterRomanesque Cloister

ROMANESQUE PAINTINGROMANESQUE PAINTING

The most important paintings were The most important paintings were inside churches. Humans figures inside churches. Humans figures were were rigidrigid and and schematic. schematic. Some Some were painted much bigger than the were painted much bigger than the rest to show their importance. Bright rest to show their importance. Bright colours were used. The figures were colours were used. The figures were outlined in black, and the eyes and outlined in black, and the eyes and hands were emphasised. There were hands were emphasised. There were no background landscapes.no background landscapes.

The Virgin with the ChildThe Virgin with the Child

Christ in GloryChrist in Glory

It is painted on a wall

Mural painting was common Mural painting was common on walls,on walls, specially in the main aspe near the specially in the main aspe near the altar. The favourite themes were altar. The favourite themes were Christ Christ in Gloryin Glory and the and the Virgin and ChildVirgin and Child

Panel painting was used on Panel painting was used on altarsaltars and and small small altarpiecesaltarpieces. The lives of saints . The lives of saints and martyrs were shown. and martyrs were shown.

MiniaturesMiniatures were small paintings wich were small paintings wich illustrated bibles and manuscripts.illustrated bibles and manuscripts.

MiniaturesMiniatures

Romanesque art in Romanesque art in EnglandEngland

In England, Romanesque art came In England, Romanesque art came from France with the from France with the Norman Norman ConquestConquest in 1066 AD in 1066 AD

Round archRound arch

Key stone

PILGRIMAGE ROUTESPILGRIMAGE ROUTES

ROMANESQUE MONASTERY ROMANESQUE MONASTERY OF CLUNNYOF CLUNNY

Monastery of ClunnyMonastery of Clunny (It was the most important monastery (It was the most important monastery

in Europe during the Middle Agesin Europe during the Middle Ages

Romanesque Church Romanesque Church

Cathedral of Pisa (Italy)Cathedral of Pisa (Italy)

St.M Vezelay (France)St.M Vezelay (France)