ROMANIAAGRICULTURAL POLLUTION

CONTROL PROJECT

Project Management Unit

Moldova, Chisinau, October 3, 2006

Use of PROXI methods for measuring results of Agricultural Pollution Control Project, implemented

in Calarasi, Romania

Project Financing Sources

Total value: USD 10.8 mil. out of which:

• USD 5.15 mil. World Bank from GEF funds;

• USD 1.86 mil. Government of Romania;

• USD 0.29 mil. Calarasi County Council;

• USD 1.00 mil. from the governmental “Agricultural Support Services” Project;

• USD 2.50 mil. (in kind) by direct beneficiaries.

Project Interventions• Investments

– Manure Management– Windbreak/Shelter belts– Riparian Buffers– Nutrient Management Plans – Wellhead Protection – Grazing Management – Conservation Tillage

• Training and Technical Assistance• Public Awareness

Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:

At household level:

Inappropriate manure storage

Lack off or bad conditions of the concrete slab protecting the water well against direct infiltrations

Aggravating factors:

Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:

At commune level:

Inappropriate manure disposal

Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:

At commune level:

Inappropriate manure disposal

Grazing of animals on soil erosion prone areas

Large areas of slopped land draining into watercourses

Temporary housing near watercourses

Project Interventions

At household levelIndividual Platforms

Plastic Bins for waste segregation

Project Interventions

At household level

At commune level

Reclamation of former unauthorized manure storages

Construction and operation of manure storage and composting facilities

Project Interventions

At commune level

Demonstrations of well head rehabilitation

Project Interventions

At commune level

Riparian Buffers with forest vegetation

Windbreaks, Shelterbelts

Project Interventions

At commune level

Riparian Buffers with forest vegetation

Windbreaks, Shelterbelts

Grazing Management

Nitrate concentration in Piezometers

Piezometer P5

0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

01.0

9.03

01.1

1.03

01.0

1.04

01.0

3.04

01.0

5.04

01.0

7.04

01.0

9.04

01.1

1.04

01.0

1.05

01.0

3.05

01.0

5.05

01.0

7.05

01.0

9.05

01.1

1.05

01.0

1.06

01.0

3.06

01.0

5.06

01.0

7.06

Testing Date

NO

3 -

mg

/l

NO3

Piezometer P8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

01.0

9.03

01.1

1.03

01.0

1.04

01.0

3.04

01.0

5.04

01.0

7.04

01.0

9.04

01.1

1.04

01.0

1.05

01.0

3.05

01.0

5.05

01.0

7.05

01.0

9.05

01.1

1.05

01.0

1.06

01.0

3.06

01.0

5.06

01.0

7.06

Testing Date

NO

3 -

mg

/l

NO3

Drinking water quality

Water Well C18

0.000

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

24.1

1.03

24.0

1.04

24.0

3.04

24.0

5.04

24.0

7.04

24.0

9.04

24.1

1.04

24.0

1.05

24.0

3.05

24.0

5.05

24.0

7.05

24.0

9.05

24.1

1.05

24.0

1.06

24.0

3.06

Testing Date

NO

3 -

mg

/l

NO3

Measuring results of nutrient pollution control interventions

• Monitoring the nutrients concentration into the surface and ground water at representative sampling stations and review of eutrophic state of the surface waters at regular intervals.

• Use of PROXI methods.

Measuring nutrients concentration into the ground and surface waters

Strong points:

– It shows the actual quality of the ground and surface waters at designated measuring stations.

Weak points:

– The existing sampling stations could be not representative for project interventions.

– The frequency of measurements could not catch stochastic events as storm rains, snow melting or variable factors as fertilizers or manure applications.

– The trend of nutrient concentration does not reflect only the project interventions.

– It is expensive.

Why use the PROXI methods?

• Are based on extensive scientific research.

• Allow assessment of total results of a variety of diverse interventions.

• Are cheap and offer good accuracy.

• Allow for quantitative estimate in terms of nutrient pollution reduction using the survey results.

• Allow for forecasting of results of new projects implementing the same nutrient pollution control interventions.

Reduction of nutrients loss into the ground and surface waters due to appropriate manure management

Before Project (Year 2000)

Total manure (tons):

Of which:

Use Comments% tons

80,184

2 1,604As fertilizers in the back yard vegetable garden

Good practice, reduced looses

98 78,850Mixed with household waste and dumped in unauthorized places

The entire quantity of nutrients is lost

Nutrients (kg/t)

N P K

6 3.5 8

Nutrients in fresh manure

We can assume that about 20% of the nutrients in the manure used as fertilizer in the back yard vegetable garden is lost and 100% of nutrients from fresh dumped manure are leached into water.With these figures, the nutrients subject to leaching into ground and surface waters are:

N (t/year) P (t/year) K (t/year)

Nutrient subject to leaching from the dumped manure (78,580 t)

471.48 275.03 628.64

Nutrient subject to leaching from manure (1,604 t), used as fertilizer

1.92 1.12 2.57

Total nutrients subject to leaching in the Project area

473.41 276.15 631.21

CommuneManure collected from farmers

(tons)Manure applied on agricultural fields

(tons)

Al. Odobescu 3,200 2,900

Ciocanesti 4,100 3,800

Cuza Voda 2,800 2,400

Gradistea 9,400 8,900

Independenta 3,500 2,000

Valcelele 3,500 2,000

Vlad Tepes 2,200 950

Total 28,700 22,950

During the year 2005, the communes reported the collection, composting and use as fertilizer of the following manure quantities:

Year 2005 (Project year 4)

Total manure (tons):

Of which:

Use Comments% tons

80,184

5 4,009As fertilizers in the back yard vegetable garden

Good practice, reduced looses

29 22,950Manure spreaded as fertilizer on agricultural lands

Good practice. Only the nutrients that are not available to plants are lost

66 53,225

Unmanaged manure, source of pollution, due to the inappropriate behavior of some farmers

The entire quantity of nutrients is lost

Assuming that the quantity of manure produced each year is almost the same as at the Project preparation (the same structure and number of animals), during the year 2005, the use of the manure was as follows:

In a normal rotation of maize-sunflower-wheat-wheat, the nutrients from one tone of composted manure is used as follows

N P K

Nutrients available to plants (kg/t)

3.15 3.25 5.5

Nutrients subject to leaching (kg/t)

2.85 0.25 2.5

With these figures, the potential discharge of nutrients from produced manure was as follows:

N (t/year) P (t/year) K (t/year)

Nutrient subject to leaching from manure (4,009 t), used as fertilizer

4.81 2.81 6.41

Nutrients subject to leaching from the manure (22,950 t) applied on fields as fertilizer

65.41 5.74 57.38

Nutrients subject to leaching from the dumped manure (53,225 t)

319.35 186.29 425.80

Total nutrients subject to leaching in the Project area

389.57 194.83 489.59

Reduction of nutrients discharge:

N (t/year) P (t/year) K (t/year)

Nutrients subject to leaching WITHOUT PROJECT (t/year)

473.41 276.15 631.21

Nutrients subject to leaching PY4 - 2005 (t/year)

389.57 194.83 489.59

Reduction of nutrients discharge into the ground and surface waters in year 2005 (t/year)

83.84 81.32 141.62

The quantity of nutrients supplied with the manure (22,950 tons), applied as fertilizer are:

Nutrients supplied with the applied manure (tons)

N P K

72.29 74.59 126.23

Therefore, for the same targeted yields, the quantity of the mineral fertilizers usually applied can be reduced with the amount supplied with the applied manure.

Reduction due to adoption of the environment-friendly agricultural practices demonstrated by the Project:

According with the data received from the Direction for Agriculture and Rural Development Calarasi (DADR), the quantities of nutrients from factory made fertilizers applied in the year 2005, in the Project area, were as follows:

CommuneFrom factory made fertilizers

N (t) P (t) K (t)

Al. Odobescu 17 10 3

Ciocanesti 186 6 0

Cuza Voda 939 925 0

Gradistea 261 40 0

Independenta 398 275 0

Valcelele 351 219 0

Vlad Tepes 85 0 0

Total 2,237 1,475 3

Assuming that in the case of the conventional agriculture, 20% of the applied nutrients are lost by leaching, the quantities discharged into waters are:

Nutrients subject to leaching WITHOUT PROJECT (t/year)

From factory made fertilizers

N (t) P (t) K (t)

447 295 0.6

Assuming the reduction of nutrients discharge with 10% as result of the adoption of environment-friendly agricultural practices demonstrated by the Project and the adoption of the Code of Good Agricultural Practices:

Reduction of nutrients discharge into the ground and

surface waters in year 2005 (t/year)

From factory made fertilizers

N (t) P (t) K (t)

44.7 29.5 0.06

Total reduction of the nutrients discharge into the waters in the Project area, year 2005, as result of project interventions:

Reduction of nutrients discharge into the ground and

surface waters in year 2005 (t/year)

From manure and factory made fertilizers

N (t) P (t) K (t)

128.6 110.8 141.7

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Project Management Unit “Agricultural Pollution Control”

Tel: 0242.331.614; 0741.242.001; 021.317.04.03;Fax: 0242.331.619; E-mail: office@apcp.ro; www.apcp.ro