romanian writers

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Romanian writers Mircea Eliade (1907-1986) Lucian Blaga (1895-1961) Mihai Eminescu (1850-1889) Ion Creanga (1837-1889) I.L Caragiale (1852-1912)

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Page 1: Romanian writers

Romanian writers

Mircea Eliade(1907-1986)

Lucian Blaga(1895-1961)

Mihai Eminescu(1850-1889)

Ion Creanga(1837-1889)

I.L Caragiale(1852-1912)

Page 2: Romanian writers

Ion Creanga (1837-1889)

Page 3: Romanian writers

His Backround and family• Ion Creangă was born in Humulesti . The family had reached a significant position

within their community: Ştefan sin Petre had made a steady income from his itinerant trade in wool, while his wife was the descendant of the Creangăs of Pipirig, a family of community leaders. The latter's members included Moldavian Metropolitan , as well

as Smaranda's father, Vornic David, and her uncle Ciubuc Clopotarul, a monk at Neamţ Monastery Proud of this tradition, it was her who insisted for her son to pursue a

career in the Church. According to his own recollection, the future writer was born on March 1, 1837—a date which has since been challenged. Creangă's other statements mention March 2, 1837, or an unknown date in 1836.The exactitude of other accounts

is equally unreliable: community registers from the period gave the date of June 10, 1839, and mention another child of the same name being born to his parents on

February 4, 1842 (the more probable birth date of Creangă's younger brother Zahei). The imprecision also touches other aspects of his family life: noting the resulting conflicts in data, Călinescu decided that it was not possible for one to know if the writer's parents were married to each other (and, if so, if they were on their first

marriage), nor how many children they had together. At a time when family names were not legally required, and people were primarily known by various nicknames and patronymics, the boy was known to the community as Nică, a hypocorism formed from

Ion, or more formally as Nică al lui Ştefan a Petrei ("Nică of Ştefan of Petru", occasionally Nic-a lui Ştefan a Petrei)

Page 4: Romanian writers

Biography• Ion Creangă was a Moldavian-born Romanian writer, raconteur and

schoolteacher. A main figure in 19th century Romanian literature, he is best known for his Childhood Memories volume, his novellas and short stories, and his many anecdotes. Creangă's main contribution to fantasy and children's literature

includes narratives structured around eponymous protagonists ("Harap Alb", "Ivan Turbincă", "Dănilă Prepeleac"), as well as fairy tales indebted to

conventional forms ( "The Goat and Her Three Kids"). Widely seen as masterpieces of the Romanian language and local humor, his writings occupy the

middle ground between a collection of folkloric sources and an original contribution to a literary realism of rural inspiration. They are accompanied by a

set of contributions to erotic literature, collectively known as his "corrosives".• A defrocked Romanian Orthodox priest with an unconventional lifestyle, Creangă

made an early impact as an innovative educator and textbook author, while pursuing a short career in nationalist politics with the group. His literary debut

came late in life, closely following the start of his close friendship with Romania's national poet Mihai Eminescu and their common affiliation with the influential conservative literary society Junimea. Although viewed with reserve by many of his colleagues there, and primarily appreciated for his records of oral tradition, Creangă helped propagate the group's cultural guidelines in an accessible form. Later criticism has often described him, alongside Eminescu, and Ioan Slavici, as

one of the most accomplished representatives of Junimist literature.

Page 6: Romanian writers

Ion Luca Caragiale (1852-1912)

Page 7: Romanian writers

Was a Wallachian-born Romanian playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist. He is considered one of the greatest Romanian playwrights and writers, a leading representative of local humor, and a main representative of Junimea, an influential literary society with which he parted during the second half of his life.

Ion Luca Caragiale was born into a family of Greek descent, whose members first arrived in Wallachia soon after 1812, during the rule of Prince Ioan Gheorghe Caragea—Ştefan Caragiali, as his grandfather was known locally, worked as a cook for the court in Bucharest.Ion Luca's father, who reportedly originated from the Ottoman capital of Istanbul, settled in Prahova County as the curator of the Mărgineni Monastery (which, at the time, belonged to the Greek Orthodox Saint Catherine's Monastery of Mount Sinai). Known to locals as Luca Caragiali, he later built a reputation as a lawyer and judge in Ploieşti, and married Ecaterina, the daughter of a merchant from the Transylvanian town of Braşov.Her maiden name was given as Alexovici (Alexevici)or as Karaboa (Caraboa). She is known to have been Greek herself,and, according to historian Lucian Nastasă, some of her relatives were Hungarian members of the Tabay family.The Caragiali couple also had a daughter, named Lenci.

Biography

Page 8: Romanian writers

Literary debut• Ion Luca made his literary debut in 1873, at the age of 21, with poems

and humorous chronicles printed in G. Dem. Teodorescu's liberal-inspired satirical magazine Ghimpele. He published relatively few articles under various pen names—among them Car., the contraction of his family name, and the more elaborate Palicar.He mostly performed basic services for the editorial staff and its printing press, given that, after Luca Caragiali died in 1870, he was the sole provider for his mother and sister.Following his return to Bucharest, he became even more involved with the radical and republican wing of the liberal trend—a movement commonly referred to as "the Reds". In June 1874, Caragiale amused himself at the expense of N. D. Popescu-Popnedea, the author of popular almanacs, whose taste he questioned. In 1878, Caragiale and Maiorescu left for Iaşi, where they attended Junimea 's 15th anniversary, and where Caragiale read his first draft of the celebrated play O noapte furtunoasă.

Page 9: Romanian writers

His signature

Ion Luca Caragiale

Caragiale house

Page 10: Romanian writers

Mircea Eliade (1907-1986)

Page 11: Romanian writers

Biography

• Mircea Eliade (March 13.1907 – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago . He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day. His theory that hierophanies form the basis of religion, splitting the human experience of reality into sacred and profane space and time, has proved influential.One of his most influential contributions to religious studies was his theory of Eternal Return, which holds that myths and rituals do not simply commemorate hierophanies, but, at least to the minds of the religious, actually participate in them.

• His literary works belong to the fantastic and autobiographical genres .The best known are the novels Maitreyi ("La Nuit Bengali" or "Bengal Nights"), Noaptea de Sânziene ("The Forbidden Forest"), Isabel şi apele diavolului ("Isabel and the Devil's Waters") and Romanul Adolescentului Miop ("Novel of the Nearsighted Adolescent"), the novellas Domnişoara Christina ("Miss Christina") and Tinereţe fără tinereţe ("Youth Without Youth"), and the short stories Secretul doctorului Honigberger ("The Secret of Dr. Honigberger") and La Ţigănci ("With the Gypsy Girls").

Page 12: Romanian writers

Adolescence and literary debut

• After completing his primary education at the school on Mântuleasa Street, Eliade attended the Spiru Haret National College in the same class as Arşavir Acterian, Haig Acterian and Petre Viforeanu (and several years the senior of Nicolae Steinhardt , who eventually became a close friend of Eliade's). Among his other colleagues was future philosopher Constantin Noica and Noica's friend, future art historian Barbu Brezianu.

• As a child, Eliade was fascinated with the natural world, which formed the setting of his very first literary attempts, as well as with Romanian folklore and the Christian faith as expressed by peasants. Growing up, he aimed to find and record what he believed was the common source of all religious traditions. The young Eliade's interest in physical exercise and adventure led him to pursue mountaineering and sailing , and he also joined the Romanian Boy Scouts.

• With a group of friends, he designed and sailed a boat on the Danube , from Tulcea to the Black Sea. In parallel, Eliade grew estranged from the educational environment, becoming disenchanted with the discipline required and obsessed with the idea that he was uglier and less virile than his colleagues. In order to cultivate his willpower, he would force himself to swallow insects and only slept four to five hours a night. At one point, Eliade was flunking four subjects, among which was the study of Romanian language.

• Instead, he became interested in natural science and chemistry, as well as the occult, and wrote short pieces on entomological subjects. Despite his father's concern that he was in danger of losing his already weak eyesight, Eliade read passionately. One of his favorite authors was Honoré de Balzac , whose work he studied carefully. Eliade also became acquainted with the modernist short stories of Giovanni Papini and social anthropology studies by James George Frazer.

Page 13: Romanian writers

His signature

Mircea Eliade

Eliade house

Page 14: Romanian writers

Lucian Blaga(1895-1961)

Page 15: Romanian writers

Biography• Lucian Blaga was a commanding personality of the Romanian culture of the interbellum

period. He was a philosopher and writer highly acclaimed for his originality, a university professor and a diplomat. He was born on 9 May 1895 in Lancrăm, near Alba Iulia,Romania, his father being an Orthodox priest. He did not speak any words until he was four, and he later described his early childhood, in an autobiographical work "The Chronicle and the Song of Ages", as "under the sign of the incredible absence of word". In the poem "Self-Portrait" he describes himself : "Lucian Blaga is silent like a swan.“

• His elementary education was in Sebeş (1902–1906), after which he attended the "Andrei Şaguna" Highschool in Braşov (1906–1914), under the supervision of a relative, Iosif Blaga, who happened to be the author of the first Romanian treatise on the theory of drama. At the outbreak of the First World War, he began theological studies at Sibiu, where he graduated in 1917. He published his first philosophy article on the Bergson theory of subjective time. From 1917 to 1920, he attended courses at the University of Vienna, where he studied philosophy and obtained his PhD.

• Upon returning to the re-unified Romania, he contributed to the Romanian press in Transylvania, being the editor of the magazinesCulture in Cluj ,and The Banat in Lugoj.

Page 16: Romanian writers

• 1.The God Waits

Through the stubble-fieldmice and calvesare playingand the grapevinesholdlittle toadson their palms.A dandelionbetween my lips,I wait for herto come.I just want topass my clean,stretched-out fingersthrough her hair,through her hairand then through the cloudsand to gather from them,like from a spinning bundle,wisps of lightning,just as, in the fall,you glean gossamerfrom the air.

• 2.The soul of the village

Girl, put your hands on my kneesI think eternity was born in the villageHere all thoughts are slowerAnd your heart pumps more seldomAs if it were not beating within your chest,But deep down underground.Here can be healed the thirst for redemptionAnd if your feet are bleedingJust sit on humid ground.Now that the evening comesThe soul of the village flies nearbyLike the aroma an freshly cut grassLike smoke rising from the straw roofsLike a dance of young animals on high tombs.

Page 17: Romanian writers

Lucian Blaga

His signature

Blaga house

Page 18: Romanian writers

Mihai Eminescu(1850-1889)

Page 19: Romanian writers

Biography• Mihai Eminescu born Mihail Eminovici; January 15, 1850 – June 15,

1889) was a Romantic poet, novelist and journalist, often regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet.Eminescu was an active member of the Junimea literary society and he worked as an editor for the newspaper Timpul ("The Time"), the official newspaper of the Conservative Party 1880–1918).His poetry was first published when he was 16 and he went to Vienna to study when he was 19. The poet's Manuscripts, containing 46 volumes and approximately 14,000 pages, were offered by Titu Maiorescu as a gift to the Romanian Academy during the meeting that was held on January 25, 1902.[Notable works includeLuceafărul (The Vesper/The Evening Star/The Lucifer/The Daystar), Odă în metru antic (Ode in Ancient Meter), and the fiveLetters (Epistles/Satires). In his poems he frequently used metaphysical, mythological and historical subjects. In general his work was influenced by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer

Page 20: Romanian writers

Family • His father was Gheorghe Eminovici from Călineşti, a Romanian village

in Suceava county, Bucovina, which was then part of the Austrian Empire (while his father came from Banat). He crossed the border into Moldavia, settling in Ipotești, near the town of Botoșani. He married Raluca Iuraşcu, an heiress of an old aristocratic Moldavian family. In a register of the members of Junimea, Eminescu himself wrote down the date of his birth as December 22, 1849 and in the documents of the Gymnasium from Cernăuţi, where Eminescu studied, the date of December 14, 1849 is written down as his birthday. Nevertheless, Titu Maiorescu, in his work Eminescu and His Poems (1889) quoted N. D. Giurescu's researches and adopted his conclusion regarding the date and place of Mihai Eminescu's birth, as being January 15, 1850, in Botoșani. This date resulted from several sources, amongst which there was a file of notes on christenings from the archives of the Uspenia (Domnească) Church of Botoșani; inside this file, the date of birth was „January 15, 1850” and the date of christening was the 21st, of the same month. The date of his birth was confirmed by the poet's elder sister, Aglae Drogli, who affirmed that the place of birth was the village of Ipotești

Page 21: Romanian writers

Poetry• His most notable poems are:

• Doina (the name is a traditional type of Romanian song), 1884• Lacul (The Lake), 1876• Luceafărul (The Vesper), 1883• Floare albastră (Blue Flower), 1884• Dorinţa (Desire), 1884• Sara pe deal (Evening on the Hill), 1885• O, rămii (Oh, Linger On), 1884• Epigonii (Epigones), 1884• Scrisori (Letters or "Epistles-Satires")• Şi dacă (And if...), 1883• Odă (în metru antic) (Ode (in Ancient Meter), 1883• Mai am un singur dor (I Have Yet One Desire),1883• La Steaua (At Star),1886

Page 22: Romanian writers

His signature

Mihai Eminescu

Eminescu house

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