romanticism gothic period
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Elements of Romanticism
1798-1832
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Romanticism
A movement of the eighteenthand nineteenth centuries that
marked the reaction to the
formalism of the preceding(Neoclassic) period, which
valued reason, formal rules,and demanded order in beauty.
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Romanticism
Characteristics:The predominance
of imagination over
reason and formalrules
Love of nature
Longing for thePast (nostalgia)
Individualism
Idealization of rurallife
Enthusiasm for thewild, irregular, or
grotesque in nature
Enthusiasm for theuncivilized or natural
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The Five Is of RomanticismInspiration
Intuition (knowledge without reason)
Innocence
Imagination
Individuality
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RomanticismMore Characteristics:
Interest in human rights
Sentimentality
Melancholy
Interest in the gothic
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Supernatural And Gothic
Supernatural motifsappear throughout
literature but are most
prominent in the literary
genre labeled "Gothic.
Frankenstein belongsspecifically to the
Gothic genre.
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Gothic literature
derives its name from itssimilarities to the Gothicmedieval cathedrals,which feature a majestic,
unrestrained architecturalstyle with often savage orgrotesque ornamentation(the word "Gothic" derives from "Goth,"
the name of one of the barbaricGermanic tribes that invaded theRoman Empire).
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The architecture evokes the sense of
humanitys division between a finite, physical
identity and the often terrifying and bizarreforces of the infinite. The Gothic aesthetic
also embodies an ambition to transcend
earthly human limitations and reach the
divine.
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Like Gothic architecture, Gothic
literature focuses onhumanitys fascination with
the grotesque, the unknown,
and the frightening,inexplicable aspects of the
universe and the human soul.
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The Gothic creates horror by
portraying human individualsin confrontation with the
overwhelming, mysterious,
terrifying forces found in thecosmos and within
themselves.
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Supernatural/Gothic
Literary Motifs
A motif is arepeated theme,
image, or literary
device. Look for
these commonsupernatural/Gothic
motifs in
Frankenstein.
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The Double or Doppelganger (German for "double-goer"):
Defined by Federick S. Frank as "a second self or
alternate identity, sometimes, but not always, a
physical twin. The Doppelganger in demonic form can be areciprocal or lower bestial self or a Mr. Hyde. Gothic
doppelgangers often haunt and threaten the rational psyche of
the victim to whom they become attached" (435).
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The double motif involves a
comparison or contrast
between two characters or
sets of characters within a
work to represent opposing
forces in human nature. For
example, Dr. Jekyll and hisevil double Mr. Hyde are
contrasted to represent the
battle between the rational,
intellectual self (Jekyll) andthe irrational, bestial self
(Hyde
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The double motif
suggests that humans
are burdened with adual nature, a soul
forever divided.Double characters are
often paired in common
relationships, such as
twins, siblings,
husband/wife, parent/child,hero/villain,
creator/creature, etc.
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Forbidden Knowledge or Power/ Faust Motif:
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Forbidden Knowledge or Power/ Faust Motif:
Forbidden knowledge/power is often the
Gothic protagonists goal. The Gothic
"hero" questions the universes
ambiguous nature and tries to
comprehend and control thosesupernatural powers that mortals
cannot understand. He tries to
overcome human limitations and makehimself into a "god."
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Forbidden Knowledge or Power/ Faust Motif:
This ambition usually leads to the heros "fall"or destruction; however, Gothic tales of
ambition sometimes paradoxically evoke our
admiration because they picture
individuals with the courage to defyfate and cosmic forces in an attempt
to transcend the mundane to the
eternal and sublime.
http://www.gradesaver.com/goethes-faust/study-guide/short-summary/
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Satanic Hero/Fallen Man:
The courageous search for
forbidden knowledge or poweralways leads the hero to a fall, a
corruption, or destruction, such as
Satans or Adams fall.
Consequently, the hero in Gothic
literature is often a "villain." The
hero is isolated from others by his
fall and either becomes a monster
or confronts a monster who is his double.
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Monster/Satanic Hero/Fallen Man:
He becomes a "Satanic hero" if, like
Satan, he has courageously defiedthe rules of Gods universe and has
tried to transform himself into a god.
Note: the mad scientist, who tries to
transcend human limitations through
science, is a type of Satanic hero that
is popular in Gothic literature
(examples include Dr. Jekylland Frankenstein).
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Multiple Narrative/Spiral Narrative
Method:
The story is frequently told through aseries of secret manuscripts or
multiple tales, each revealing a deeper
secret, so the narrative gradually
spirals inward toward the hidden truth.
The narrator is often a first-person
narrator compelled to tell the story to a
fascinated or captive listener
(representing the captivating power
of forbidden knowledge).
http://kisdwebs.katyisd.org/campuses/MRHS/teacherweb/austink/Teacher%2
0Documents/Frankenstein/Background.pdf
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Dreams/Visions:
Terrible truths are often revealed to characters through
dreams or visions. The hidden knowledge of the
universe and of human nature emerges through dreams
because, when the person sleeps, reason sleeps, and
the supernatural, unreasonable world can break
through. Dreams in
Gothic literatureexpress the dark,
unconscious depths of
the psyche that are
repressed by reasontruths that are too
terrible to be
comprehended by the
conscious mind.
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Signs/Omens:
Reveal the
intervention ofcosmic forces and
often represent
psychological or
spiritual conflict(e.g., flashes of
lightning and violent
storms might
parallel some
turmoil within a
characters mind).
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Lightning_hits_tree_-_NOAA.jpg -
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Famous Romantics
Literature, Art, Philosophy and Music
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Romanticism in Germany
Foundation ofRomanticism was fromImmanuel Kant (1724-
1804) Questioned nature of the
real world
Events are merely based
on our internalperceptions
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Romanticism in Germany
Von Goethe (1749-
1832)
Faust Character makes a pact
with the devil in quest
for knowledge
Academic outsiders Less-gifted people
didnt appreciate their
brilliance
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English Romantic Poets
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Percy Bysshe Shelley
I am the eye which the UniverseBeholds itself and knows itself divine;
All harmony of instrument or verse,
All prophecy, all medicine is mine,
All light of art or nature; to my son
Victory and praise in its own right belong
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Percy Bysshe Shelley
Married Mary
Wollstonecraft (named
after her mother)
Son of aristocrat
Died mysteriously in
1822
Encouraged his wife,Mary Shelley, to write
fiction
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English Romanticism
William Wordsworth(1770-1850)
Founder of English
Romantic movementWitnessed
revolutionary France
Inspired by political
idealism
Bliss was it, in thatdawn to be alive.
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English Romanticism
William Wordsworth
(1770-1850)
Withdrew to theEnglish countryside
1799 lived in Lake
District (his poetry
made it famous)
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English Romanticism
George Gordon, Lord
Byron (1788-1824)
Led anunconventional life
Mysterious and
gloomy heroes in his
books (Byronic Hero) Very dramatic
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English Romanticism George Gordon, Lord
Byron (1788-1824)
Fame spread throughoutEurope
Identified with Greek
fight for independence
Died in 1824 whiletraining soldiers in
Greece
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English Romanticism
John Keats (1795-
1821)
Eve of Saint Agnes Ode to a Nightingale
Ode to Autumn
Died at the age of 26from tuberculosis
E ti i R ti P i ti
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Emotion in Romantic Painting
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Goya
1808 French troops
take over Spain
1814 were driven outand Goya was
commissioned to
remember the
atrocities in Madrid
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Theodore Gericault (1791-1824)
Young French liberal
Used violent lighting to
enhance emotions Used painting to expose
scandal
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Raft of the Medusa by Gericault
(French government ship, wrecked off the coast of Africa in 1816)
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Romantic Music
Music, like painting
could release emotion
Built on traditions of
18th century masters
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Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Bridged classical andromantic periods
Age 32 realizeddeafness was
incurable
Continued to compose
despite inability to hear
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=socrates.berkeley.edu/~ids00-ol/beethoven.jpg&imgrefurl=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ids00-ol/intro.html&h=445&w=355&prev=/images?q=Beethoven&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8 -
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Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
Fused romantic
poetry and music
Performed in onlyone public concert
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Frederic Chopin
Piano virtuoso
Dreamy, brooding,
melancholic, andfiery
Performed in
upper-classdrawing rooms
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Franz Liszt
Hungarian child
prodigy pianist
Greatestshowman
was the first
rock star
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Franz Liszt
Hungarian child
prodigy pianist
Greatestshowman
was the first
rock star
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Franz_Liszt_by_Pierre_Petit.png -
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Victor Berlioz
Symphonie
Fantastique
composed entirely
on guitar
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Richard Wagner
Nationalistic
Ride of the
Valkryies