romanticism, realism, and the academic...
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Art of the 19th Century: Romanticism, Realism, and the
Academic Tradition
Chapter 20
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The Rise of Modernism
The “modern” era of art history coincides with
three revolutions:
Political revolutions in America and France, resulting in
democratic governments.
The Industrial Revolution starting in England, resulting in
new inexpensive products including oil paint in a tube.
The Scientific Revolution (part of the Enlightenment) in
which Church authority questioned, “reason” the basis of
authority.
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Romanticism: Art that celebrates nature, illustrates exotic and
ordinary people, as well as shows the irrational side of human
nature. Expressive brushwork, oftentimes splashes of
saturated color.
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Eugene
Delacroix,
Women of
Algiers, 1834.
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J.M.W. Turner, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and
Commons, 1834. Oil on canvas, 1834, See also Figure 20.5
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Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, 1836. Oil on canvas, Figure 20.6
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Realism: Art that explores the subjects of everyday life, the
countryside, and/or the plight of the lower class as they
actually appeared. Oftentimes political.
Honore
Daumier, The
Third Class
Carriage,
Figure 19-12
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Gustave Courbet, The Stonebreakers,
oil on canvas, 1849-1850 Figure 20.11
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Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Banjo
Lesson, 1893. Figure 20.16
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Academic Art of the 19th Century: art officially endorsed by
the French Government and Salon (school) that was
sentimental, had a smooth finish, and mild eroticism and/or
was overly sweet. Featured subjects of history or myth.
Top: Cabanel’s Birth of Venus. Right: Bougereau, Cupid
and Psyche’s First Kiss.
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Which work takes a modern approach? Which
work takes an academic approach to painting?
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Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, oil on canvas, 1863, Figure 20.17
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Pastoral Concert by Titian or Georgione
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Raphael, Judgment
of Paris
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Manet, Olympia. Oil on Canvas, 1863.
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Although Manet never considered himself
an Impressionist, we will see he was a great
influence on the next art historical
movement we will explore…