RomeRomeGeography Geography -Rome began as a small city-state in Italy but Rome began as a small city-state in Italy but ended up ruling the entire Mediterranean world.ended up ruling the entire Mediterranean world.

- Its - Its location location allowed for allowed for good good TRADETRADE

I. The Roman RepublicI. The Roman Republic

A. Romans hated monarchyA. Romans hated monarchy (rule by a (rule by a king) king)

B. In 509 BCE- the Roman Republic is B. In 509 BCE- the Roman Republic is established.established.

RepublicRepublic- government leaders are - government leaders are electedelected

C. Two main social classes:C. Two main social classes:1. 1. PatriciansPatricians2. 2. PlebeiansPlebeians

D. Powers are shared: D. Powers are shared:

1. 1. SenateSenate- Patricians only- Patricians only

2. 2. ConsulsConsuls- Every year, Senators elected - Every year, Senators elected two consuls to supervise the government two consuls to supervise the government and command the armies.and command the armies.

3. 3. DictatorDictator- elected by the Senate for - elected by the Senate for war war

- six month time limit- six month time limit

E. Plebeians demand equalityE. Plebeians demand equality1. 1. TribunesTribunes could veto laws could veto laws

2. 2. Laws of the Twelve TablesLaws of the Twelve Tables (450BCE) (450BCE) allowed plebeians to appeal a allowed plebeians to appeal a

judgment by judgment by a patrician judge a patrician judge

- all citizens are - all citizens are innocent until innocent until proven guiltyproven guilty

- all citizens are - all citizens are equal under the equal under the lawlaw

- helped shape - helped shape Western legal Western legal systemssystems

II. The Punic II. The Punic WarsWars

A.A. Rome vs. Rome vs. Carthage over Carthage over TRADE.TRADE.

B.B. Three Punic Wars: Three Punic Wars: Rome wins all!Rome wins all!

1.1. Rome won islands Rome won islands

2.2. Hannibal brought Hannibal brought elephants over the elephants over the Alps to surprise the Alps to surprise the Romans. Rome Romans. Rome still wins!still wins!

3.3. Romans poured Romans poured salt on Carthage.salt on Carthage.

A. A. Roman MilitaryRoman Military

1.1. Legion Legion- basic unit of the army = 5,000 - basic unit of the army = 5,000 men men

2. The army was strong, well-disciplined, 2. The army was strong, well-disciplined, and and loyal.loyal.

3. Conquered people were required to:3. Conquered people were required to: be loyal be loyal supply soldiers for the armysupply soldiers for the army pay taxespay taxes

4. Conquered people were allowed to:4. Conquered people were allowed to:

keep their own culture and officials keep their own culture and officials

III. Roman ExpansionIII. Roman Expansion

Roman Life

IV. The Roman EmpireIV. The Roman Empire

“Rome wasn’t built in a day!”

A. 270 BCE- Rome conquered the Italian Peninsula

B. 44BCE- Carthage, Greece, Spain, Gaul, parts of Asia Minor

C. Changes in government: In 48 BCE, Julius Caesar became dictator for life

RESULT: ENDED THE REPUBLIC!

D. Julius Caesar assassinated in 44 BCE on the Ides of March (March 15)

E. Augustus Octavian became dictator. Took title

of emperor.

RESULT: THE EMPIRE BEGAN

F. Augustus began the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) which lasted 200 years.

V. Roman EconomyV. Roman Economy

A.A. Expansion of the empire promoted Expansion of the empire promoted tradetrade

B.B. Mediterranean was a “liquid Mediterranean was a “liquid highway”highway”

C.C. Army built roadsArmy built roads

““All roads lead to Rome.”All roads lead to Rome.”

D. Good were imported from all over D. Good were imported from all over the empire.the empire.

Accomplishments of Rome

VI. Decline of Rome VI. Decline of Rome

A. A. Economic ProblemsEconomic Problems

1. Cost of defending empire led to 1. Cost of defending empire led to too too high taxes = over high taxes = over expansionexpansion

2. Inflation ($ is not worth as much) 2. Inflation ($ is not worth as much) and unemployment and unemployment

B. B. Political WeaknessPolitical Weakness

1. Government became corrupt and 1. Government became corrupt and ineffective.ineffective.

C. C. Military DeclineMilitary Decline

1. No citizen army. 1. No citizen army.

2. Hired 2. Hired mercenariesmercenaries- paid soldiers that - paid soldiers that were were less loyal than Roman citizens less loyal than Roman citizens

D. D. Divided EmpireDivided Empire

1. Emperor Diocletian divided the empire 1. Emperor Diocletian divided the empire

East- capital was ConstantinopleEast- capital was Constantinople

West- capital was RomeWest- capital was Rome

Rome

Constantinople

DIOCLETIAN DIVIDE!

E. E. Foreign InvasionsForeign Invasions

1. Rome under constant attack by 1. Rome under constant attack by nomadic nomadic tribes tribes

- Attila the Hun- Attila the Hun

- Odoacer ousted the emperor (476 - Odoacer ousted the emperor (476 CE)CE)

RESULT:RESULT: THE FALL OF THE ROMAN THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIREEMPIRE