rome. roman republic mountains up the east coast alps in north with passages surrounded by water...
TRANSCRIPT
Latin settlers built along the Tiber riverEtruscan kings from the north took overGreek colonies in the south
HISTORICAL FOUNDING OF ROME
wealthy land owners overthrew the king, established a republic
Senate-controlled public funds and foreign policy
Dictators could rule for 6 months in times of emergency
Magistrates=consuls (chief executive), praetors (commanders, judges), censors (bureaucrats)
ROMAN REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT
-benevolently, cities around Rome granted full citizenship, city-states further away were granted partial citizenship
far away territories remained independent, but had to supply troops for the Roman army and land for Roman farmers
RULING CONQUERED AREAS
1st- largely a naval war (Rome built off a model Carthaginian ship), Rome forced Carthage to give up Sicily
2nd- Hannibal marched across the Alps into Italy and won many victories, laying waste to the countryside, Romans invaded Carthage and Scipio defeated Hannibal, Spanish colonies ceded to Rome
3rd- mostly for revenge, Carthage sieged and destroyed
PUNIC WARS
Senate gained a lot of control
Gracchi (Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus) tried land reforms and subsidizing foodboth were violently killed
EXPANSION CHANGES GOVERNMENT
equites gained status as middle class merchants
soldiers forced to sell land because it was destroyed and they did not have the money to repair it
Social Wars (allies wanted more political power), they lost the war but won their rights
WEAKENING REPUBLIC
First Triumvirate –Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, and Licinius CrassusCaesar became a successful general in Gaul
Crassus died in battlePompey ordered Caesar back to Rome without his army
Caesar came back with his army, Pompey fled to Greece where he was defeated
FIRST TRIUMVIRATE
Marc Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus (Caesar’s second in command)Lepidus forced to retire
Antony took the east part of the empire
Octavian the west
Octavian convinced the Senate to go to war against Antony, defeating him and Cleopatra at the battle of Actium
SECOND TRIUMVIRATE
strong government
unifying law code that could be updated and interpreted
good trade and transportation (roads for army)
could become citizen by enlisting in the army
STRENGTHS OF EMPIRE
a few rich people and many poor people
slaves were unnecessary due to cheap labor, but showed status
boys were taught in schools
Roman emperor was the head of the religion
gladiators were entertainment
ROMAN SOCIETY
Roman emperor that split the empire into east and west
drove out barbarians
tried to impose wage and price controls
DIOCLETIAN
money loses its value while prices continue to rise
countries unstable because their international standing decreases (they can get less stuff)
INFLATION