Roosevelt’s 2nd Term and the beginnings

of WWII

Key Terms / Main IdeasFDR wins a 2nd term but is limited in new

reforms. Meanwhile, events around the globe hint at spreading global conflict

Benito Mussolini / FascismVladimir Lenin & Joseph StalinAdolf Hitler / NAZI / Mein Kampf / der

FuhrerManchuriaNye CommitteeNeutrality Acts 1935 & 1937Spanish Civil War / Gen Franco / Lincoln

BrigadeInternationalism

The Seeds of WWIIItaly - Benito Mussolini

WWI soldier, teacher, journalistItaly needed a strong leader1919 establishes Fascist Party

Aggressive Nationalism Anti-Communist Needs of nation outweigh individual needs Expand territory / build-up military Dictatorship necessary

1922 Mussolini marches on Rome (Black Shirts) Restore glory of Roman Empire Govt urges challenge – King refuses Mussolini made Premier Destroys democracy – Industrialists,

Landowners, Catholic Church

The Seeds of WWIIRussia – Lenin & Stalin

Valdimir Lenin Revolt of 1917 One Party Rule

Joseph Stalin Replaces Lenin in 1924 Industrializes “purges” 8-10 MM peasants

Communism Only political partySuppressed individual libertiesPunish opponents

The Seeds of WWIIGermany – Adolf Hitler

Anti-communist - admired Mussolini

Hatred for Versailles Treaty of WWI

National Socialist German Workers = NAZI party 1923 try to seize power

Munich Beer Hall putsch Hitler arrested – jailed Writes Mein-Kampf (My Struggles)

Germans must be unified Blue-eyed, blond = Aryan Super-

race Need more land – Poland & Russia Racist – Slavs and Jews

The Seeds of WWIIGermany

1932 NAZI party is 3rd largest in Germany

1933 Hitler appointed Prime Minister Calls for new elections Hitler given Dictatorial

powers by NAZI dominated govt

Hitler made President in 1934 Da Fuhrer = The Leader Re-arms Violates Versailles Treaty

The Seeds of WWII

JapanIsland nation – so what?Suffered economically

during DepressionMilitary dominated

politics9/31 invaded Manchuria -

“resource rich”Military takes control of

civilian government

American Neutrality

1934 European nations fail to repay WWI loans

Senator Nye investigates Arms ManufacturersConcludes they “trick” US into

WWI Tremendous profitsAmericans turn to Isolationism

Neutrality Act of 1935Keep US out of next warIllegal to sell arms to any country

at war

Forming the AxisSpanish Civil War 1936 –

Communists & Socialists electedRussia supports new governmentGermany & Italy support Spanish

FascistsUSA remains neutral

Japan aligns with Germany & Italy (Axis Powers)

Neutrality Act 1937Buy non-military goods –

Cash & Carry (own ships) – Why?Lincoln Brigade

What is FDR to do????Great Depression issue 1st priorityInternationalism vs Isolationism

Trade creates prosperity & prevents warJuly 1937 Japan invades China

FDR claims Neutrality Act 1937 does not applyWar was not declared by Japan or ChinaUSA sells weapons to China

Roosevelt fears USA cannot escape war through Isolationism or Neutrality….