router canban

7/24/2019 Router Canban

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Router cn bn


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Chc nng ca RAM

Lu tr cc bng nh tuyn. Lu tr Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache Cung cp vng nh m cho gi d liu (packet) Duy tr hng i cc packet Cung cp b nh tm cho file cu hnh router trong khi

router hot ng Ni dung lu trn Ram s mt khi router b mt in

hoc khi ng li.


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Chc nng ca NVRAM(Non-volatile RAM)

Lu startup configuration file

Ni dung ca NVRAM vn c lu gi khirouter b mt in hoc khi ng li


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Chc nng ca Flash Memory Lu nh IOS (Internetworking Operating System) Cho php software c cp nht m khng phi

remove v replace chips on the processor Ni dung ca flash vn c lu gi khi router b mt

in hoc khi ng li Flash c th lu nhiu phin bn ca IOS Flash l cn c gi l EEPROM (Electrically Erasable

Programmable Read-Only Memory): L loi ROM c thxa v lp trnh c.


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Chc nng ca ROM (Read OnlyMemory)

Lu vnh vin m chn on startup (ROM monitor) Nhim v chnh ca ROM l kim tra phn cng ca

router khi khi ng v load phm mm IOS t flash voRAM.

Ni dung trong ROM khng th xa c Ch c th nng cp software trong ROM bng cch thay

th chip ROM mi


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Chc nng ca ROM (Read OnlyMemory)

V tr ca ROM trn motherboard ca Router


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Chc nng ca Interfaces

Kt ni cc router n mng truyn v nhn

packet. Interface c th tch hp trn motherboard cng

c th dng module ri


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Vai tr ca router trong WAN WAN hot ng ch yu physical layer v data link

layer

iu ny khng c ngha l 5 lp cn li ca m hnhOSI khng c tm thy trong WAN

Cc chun v cc giao thc trong WAN physical layerv data link layer khc vi LAN


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Vai tr ca router trong WAN Router c th ch l 1 thit b LAN hoc ch l 1 thit b

WAN, hoc cng lc c th va l thit b LAN v WAN nh tuyn khng hon ton l vai tr ca router Khi router s dng cc chun v giao thc physical

layer v data link layer kt ni WAN, n ang hotng vi vai tr l thit b WAN. Router phi c kh nng chuyn 1 lung bit t kiu dch

v ny sang kiu dch v khc nh chuyn i t dch vISDN sang T1 ng thi thay i data link encapsulationt PPP sang Frame Relay


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Chc nng ca Cisco IOSSoftware

Cc chc nng nh tuyn v chuyn mch cbn

m bo tin cy v bo mt khi truy xut cc ti

nguyn mng Kh nng m rng h thng mng


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Giao din ngi dng caRouter (Router User Interface)


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Router User Interface Phn mm Cisco IOS s dng giao din dng lnh CLI

Command Line Interface). Cch truy cp vo giaodin CLI ca Router:

1. Kt ni trc tip my tnh vo cng console trn Router.

2. Quay s qua modem vo cng AUX trn Router3. Telnet vo router (phi cu hnh trn router trc)


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Router User Interface Modes

CLI s dng cu trc phn cp (hierarchical structure)

Cu trc ny yu cu vo cc mode khc nhau cuhnh cc mc tng ng

IOS cung cp dch v phin dch lnh hay cn gi lEXEC (Command Executive). Sau khi mi lnh cg vo, EXEC thc thi ngay lnh


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bo mt, phn mm Cisco IOS chia phinEXEC ra thnh 2 mode:

1. User EXEC (hay View Only): EXEC ngi

dng2. Privilege EXEC (hay Enable): EXEC c quyn


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1. User EXEC:

Ch cho php thc thi mt s cu lnh hin thcc thng tin c bn ca Router m thi

Mode ny ch xem ch khng cho php thchin cc cu lnh lm thay i cu hnh router


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2. Privilege EXEC:

Cho php thc hin tt c cc cu lnh carouter

C th c cu hnh yu cu password tuser trc khi truy cp


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H iu hnh (HH) carouter

C 3 dng HH m router c th s dng:

Mt h iu hnh (khng phi l IOS) ccha trong ROM vi tn gi l ROM monitor(vit tt l ROMMON)

HH gii hn limited-function IOS cha trongROM

HH y full-function IOS cha trong flash


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H iu hnh (HH) carouter

C 3 mode dng 3 HH tng ng:

ROM monitor: ROMMON>

Boot ROM: Router(boot)>

Cisco IOS : Router>


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ROM monitor: ROMMON> Config-register = 0x2100 l khi ng t ROM monitor ROM monitor thc hin qu trnh bootstrap kim tra

phn cng (bootstrap l 1 tp lnh thc hin kim traphn cng v khi ng HH)

Dng debug cp thp hoc khi phc password

trong trng hp b mt password Ch c th vo mode ny t cng console trn router


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Boot ROM: Router(boot)> Config-register = 0x2101 l khi ng t ROM vilimited-function IOS HH ny ch c cc chc nng gii hn ca IOS (Dng

hot ng ny ging nh DOS hay Safemode trongWindows).

HH ny s m bo cho Router hot ng vi ccthng s c bn nht nh cc thng s v kt ni IP HH ny c s dng khi b nh flash b hng v bn

cn copy mt h iu hnh y mi vo Router.


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Cisco IOS : Router> Config-register = 0x2102 l khi ng t IOS trong flash Hot ng bnh thng ca 1 router yu cu s dng

phn mm full Cisco IOS lu trong flash. mt s thit b, phn mm IOS c thc thi trc tip

t flash. Hu ht cc Cisco router yu cu 1 bn copy ca IOSc load vo RAM v cng thc thi t RAM Lnh show version xem cc thng tin v phin bn

ca phn mm IOS ang chy. Trong c hin th gitr ca config-register


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Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-IPBASE-M), Version12.4(3i), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupportCopyright (c) 1986-2007 by Cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Wed 28-Nov-07 21:09 by stshenROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(13r)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE

(fc1)DHSPKT uptime is 5 weeks, 5 days, 23 hours, 29 minutesSystem returned to ROM by power-onSystem image file is "flash:c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-3i.bin"Cisco 2851 (revision 53.51) with 251904K/10240K bytes of memory.Processor board ID FHK1150F1M1

2 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces1 Serial interface2 Channelized E1/PRI portsDRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity enabled.239K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.

62720K bytes of ATA CompactFlash (Read/Write)Configuration register is 0x2102


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Khi ng Router

Qu trnh khi ng ca Router c nhiu imtng ng vi qu trnh khi ng ca mytnh

Khi bt router ln, n thc hin POST (PowerOn Self Test): Router chy chng trnh t ROM kim tra cc thnh phn phn cng trn

router nh CPU, b nh v cc cng networkinterface


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Khi ng router - Sau POSTRouter s thc hin cc bc

1. Chy chng trnh np bootstrap t ROM


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Khi ng router

2. Tm IOS t Flash hoc TFTP server hoc ROM.

3. IOS c ti. Khi IOS c ti v hot ng th

danh sch phn cng v phn mm c trnrouter xut hin trn mn hnh console.


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Khi ng router

4. File cu hnh lu trong NVRAM (startup-config) cti vo RAM v thc thi tng dng lnh mt. Cc culnh trong trong file startup-config bt u khi to qu

trnh nh tuyn, t a ch IP cho cc interface v thitlp cc c tnh hot ng khc cho router


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Khi ng router

5. Nu startup-config file khng tn ti trongNVRAM, h iu hnh s tm t TFTP server.Nu khng tm thy TFTP server th ch hi

p s c khi ng cung cp thng tincho Router khi ng.


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Ch hi p


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Khi ng ca router


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Mn hnh khi ng router


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t tn cho router


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t password cho router


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Kim tra bng cc lnh show C rt hiu lnh show c th dng kim tra

ni dung cc file trong router v tm ra s c.

Trong c privileged EXEC v user EXEC mode

khi g show ? s thy danh sch cc lnh show


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Kim tra bng cc lnh show

Show interface: hin th trng thi ca tt c cccng giao tip trn router.V d: Router#show interface serial 0/1

Show controllers serial: hin th cc thng tinchuyn bit v phn cng ca cc cng serial.

Show clock: hin th ng h c ci t trnrouter

Show hosts: hin th danh sch tn v a chtng ng


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Lnh show interfacesRouter#show interfacesEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f)

Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00

Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort0 input packets with dribble condition detected

55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out


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Kim tra bng cc lnh show Show users: hin th tt c cc user ang kt ni

n router Show history: hin th danh sch cc cu lnh

va mi c s dng. Show flash: hin th thng tin b nh flash v tp

tin IOS cha trong n Show version: hin th thng tin v router v IOS

ang chy trn RAM.


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Cc lnh cu hnh Interface

Mi cng kt ni phi c 1 a ch IP v subnet mask nhtuyn gi d liu.

Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)#

Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#interface f0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown


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Enter Global

Configuration Mode

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000

Router(config-if)#

Router(config)#interface serial 0

Router(config-if)#

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#exit

Router#

Specify Interface

Set Clock Rate(on DCE interfaces only)

Set Bandwidth(recommended)

Cu hnh Serial Interface


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Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up

Mc nh th cc cng giao tip trn router u tt.

Nu mun m th dng lnh no shutdown



Router(config-if)#shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

Nu mun tt cng bo tr hoc x l s c dng lnh shutdown

Tt hoc m interface


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Thay i cu hnh router


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copy running-config tftp


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copy tftp running-config


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Ch thch cho Interface

Nn ghi ch li mt s thng tin quan trngcho interface nh thng tin router khc haynetwork segment m cng ny kt ni vo

Thng ip ng nhp (Login


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Thng ip ng nhp (LoginBanners)

Cu hnh thng ip ng


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Cu hnh thng ip ngnhp - Message-of-the-Day


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Phn gii tn my

Phn gii tn my l qu trnh h thng mytnh phn gii t tn my thnh a ch IPtng ng.

c th lin h vi cc thit b IP khc bngtn th cc thit b mng nh router cng cnphi c kh nng phn gii tn my thnh ach IP. Danh sch gia tn my v i ch IPtng ng c gi l host table.


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Telnet

Telnet l giao thc gi lp u cui o nm trongb giao thc TCP/IP cho php thit lp kt ni txa vo thit b

Telnet hot ng lp Application ca m hnhOSI Mt router c th cho php thc hin ng thi

nhiu phin kt ni telnet. ng vty 0-4 trn

router l ng dnh cho telnet. 5 ng ny cth thc hin cng 1 lc


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Telnet

Thit lp v kim tra kt ni


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Thit lp v kim tra kt nitelnet


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Thit lp kt ni telnet Telnet cho php thc hin telnet t thit b ny

sang thit b khc thit lp kt ni dng mt trong cc lnh sau:

Denver>connect paris Denver>paris Denver>131.108.100.152 Denver>telnet paris

Router cn phi c hostname table hoc trongmng phi c DNS phn gii tn my. Nu khngth bt buc phi dng a ch IP

Telnet c s dng kim tra xem c th kt

ni t xa vo mt router c hay khng


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Thit lp kt ni telnet


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Thit lp kt ni telnet

Nhiu Telnet sessions c th c dng cnglc v tm ngng bng t hp phmCtrl+Shift+6, x.


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Kim tra kt ni vi lnh trace

Lnh trace l cng c l tng tm ng ica gi d liu trn mng

Lnh trace cng tng t nh lnh ping, ch khc

l lnh ping th ch kim tra kt ni t u cuin u cui, cn trace th kim tra tng chngdc theo ng truyn

Lnh trace c th thc hin user EXEC hocprivilege EXEC mode

Using the ping and trace


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Using the ping and trace

Commands

Router###ping 10.1.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms

Router#trace 192.168.101.101

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.101.101

1 p1r1 (192.168.1.49) 20 msec 16 msec 16 msec

2 p1r2 (192.168.1.18) 48 msec * 44 msec

Router#

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