Principal Investigators:Principal Investigators:Dr. Richard Horwitz, Dr. David Velinsky & Dr. Jeffery Ashley

The Patrick Center for Environmental ResearchThe Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

NJDEP CoNJDEP Co--Project Managers:Project Managers:Dr. Gary Buchanan, Bruce Ruppel, and Thomas Belton

Division of Science, Research and Technology (DSRT)New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Presented at: NJ Water Monitoring Council MeetingSeptember 27, 2006

Routine Monitoring Program Routine Monitoring Program For Toxics in Fish:For Toxics in Fish:

5 Year Program5 Year Program

Acknowledgements• NJDEP/DSRT - L. Korn, A. Stern

• Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia -– R. Horwitz, J. Ashley, D. Velinsky, P. Overbeck and P.

Kiry

• NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife• NJ Toxics in Biota Committee

– NJDEP– NJ Department of Health & Senior Services– NJ Department of Agriculture

Chronology of Prior NJDEP Sampling• 1975-1980: Comprehensive state survey of PCBs & Metals

in fish/shellfish• 1981-1982: Northeast Region (PCBs & Chlordane)• 1983: Dioxin in fish and crabs from the tidal Passaic River• 1985: "A Study of Toxic Hazards to Urban Recreational

Fishermen and Crabbers”• 1985-86: Dioxin in Blue Crab and Lobster from Northeast

Region• 1986-1987: PCBs, Chlordane & DDTs of ten species

statewide

Chronology (cont.)• 1988-1991: PCBs, Chlordane & DDTs of ten species

statewide.• 1991-92: Dioxin in Blue Crab from the Raritan/Newark

Bay Systems. • 1992-93: Mercury in fish from 55 lakes• 1994-95: Mercury in fish from 15 lakes• 1995-97: Newark Bay Consumption Surveys• 1996-97: Mercury in 21 species from 30 sites• 1998-1999: Survey from Raritan Bay to Delaware River

(PCBs, pesticides and Hg); 14 species.

Background

• PCB Fish Consumption Advisory - 1982 – Striped bass, American eel, bluefish, white perch and

white catfish

• First Hg Advisories - 1994– Largemouth Bass and Chain Pickerel– Statewide and Pinelands Advisories– 28 Water Body-Specific Advisories

Background (cont.)

• Nationwide (EPA, 2004):– 45 States have Hg Advisories (2,436)– 39 have PCB Advisories (873)– 21 States have Statewide Hg Advisories for

freshwaters – 12 with Coastal Hg Advisories– 7 states with Coastal PCB Advisories (ME, NH,

MA, RI, CT, NY & NJ)

Routine Monitoring Program for Toxics in Fish

General Study Design• Routine Monitoring Program

– Rotating 5 year cycle– Based on Biological Sampling Program (e.g., IBI)

• Persistent, Bioaccumulative & Toxic Contaminants (PBTs)

• Five Regions Sampled– Passaic Region (2002-03)– Estuarine/Marine Coastal Region (2004-05)– Raritan Region– Atlantic Coastal Inland Waterways Region– Upper and Lower Delaware River Region

General Study Design (cont.)• Representative samples of recreational species

from publicly owned or accessible waters• Random-stratified sampling • Some biased sampling for recreationally important

waters. • Site selection includes lakes, rivers, reservoirs and

coastal waterways under current fish advisories based on prior DEP research

Routine Monitoring for Toxics in Fish:

Statewide Sampling Locations

Program Objectives

• Collect data to assess current human health risk of consuming recreational fish species

• Update the statewide, regional & specific fish consumption advisories for target recreational species

• Support natural resource damage claims.

Program Objectives(cont.)

• Hazardous site characterization

• Natural resources management

• Water quality assessment (303d, 305b)

• Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)

OC Pesticides Individual PCB Cogeners Alpha HCH PCB1 PCB41/64 PCB118 PCB180 Beta HCH PCB7/9 PCB40 PCB114 PCB193 Gamma HCH PCB8/5 PCB67 PCB146 PCB191 Delta HCH PCB30 PCB63 PCB153/132 PCB200 Heptachlor PCB18/17 PCB74/61 PCB105 PCB169 Heptachlor Epoxide PCB15 PCB70 PCB141/179 PCB170/190 Oxychlordane PCB24/27 PCB66 PCB130 PCB199 Alpha Chlordane PCB16/32 PCB95/80 PCB176/137 PCB203/196 Gamma Chlordane PCB29 PCB55/91 PCB138 /160 PCB189 Cis-Nonachlor PCB26 PCB56/60 PCB158 PCB195/208 Trans-Nonachlor PCB25 PCB92 PCB129 PCB207 Aldrin PCB31 PCB84 PCB126 PCB194 Dieldrin PCB28 PCB101/90 PCB178 PCB205 Endrin PCB33/20 PCB99 PCB166 PCB206 Pentachloroanisole PCB53 PCB119 PCB175 PCB209 Chlorpyrifos PCB22/51 PCB83 PCB187 Mirex PCB45 PCB97 PCB183 Coplanar PCBs Endosulfan II PCB46 PCB81 PCB128 PCB81 Methoxychlor PCB39 PCB87/115 PCB167 PCB77 2,4' DDE PCB69 PCB85 PCB185 PCB126 4,4' DDE PCB52 PCB136 PCB174 PCB169 2,4' DDD PCB49 PCB110/77 PCB177 4,4' DDD PCB47/75 PCB82 PCB171/202 2,4' DDT PCB48 PCB151 PCB156 4,4' DDT PCB44 PCB135 PCB201/157/173 PCB42/59/37 PCB107 PCB172 PCB72 PCB149/123 PCB197 Furans and Dioxins (Task II Only) 2,3,7,8-TCDF 2,3,7,8-TCDD 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD OCDF 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF OCDD 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8,9, -HpCDF

Routine Monitoring For Toxics in Fish: Chemical Parameters Listing

PBDEs (27 congeners)BDE 17BDE 25BDE 28,33BDE 30BDE 47BDE 49BDE 66BDE 71BDE 75BDE 85BDE 99BDE 100BDE 116BDE 119BDE 138BDE 153BDE 154BDE 155BDE 156BDE 181BDE 183BDE 190BDE 191BDE 203BDE 205BDE 206

Trace MetalsTotal Mercury

Freshwater Species Largemouth Bass Sunfish (sps) Smallmouth Bass Yellow Perch Hybrid Striped Bass White Perch Chain Pickerel Brown BullheadNorthern Pike Yellow BullheadMuskellunge Channel CatfishWalleye Common Carp Lake Trout White Sucker Rock Bass

Freshwater Aquatic Species Sampled in the Routine Monitoring Program

Winter Flounder

Summer Flounder (Fluke)

American EelMenhadenAmerican LobsterPorgyBlue CrabAtlantic croakerWhite CatfishWeakfishWhite PerchSeabassBluefish (incl. snapper)BlackfishStriped Bass

Marine/Estuarine Species

Marine/Estuarine Aquatic Species Sampled in the Routine Monitoring Program

Marine/ Estuarine Waters Sampling Locations

Samples of fish and crabs collected are analyzed for total mercury, PCB (congener specific) and organic pesticide analysis (e.g., chlordane, DDX, etc.). In addition, a limited number of samples are analyzed for PBDE (flame retardants).

Supplemental monitoring of contaminants in the Raritan and Passaic estuaries and adjacentocean waters

Monitoring of Contaminants in the Passaic and Raritan Estuaries and Adjacent Ocean Waters

All coastal estuarine and marine species, unless specified were analyzed for Dioxin and Furans, PCB congeners, co-planar PCBs and total mercury.

Species sampled include blue crab, striped bass, white perch and American lobster

Year 2 Estuarine and Marine Waters

Striped Bass NUM AVG MIN MAX STDDV Bluefish NUM

TOTAL MERCURY mg/g 25 0.23 0.15 0.38 0.06 TOTAL MERCURY mg/g 30

TOTAL PCBs ng/g 218.20 84.48 1270.32 229.45 TOTAL PCBs ng/gTOTAL DDXs ng/g 27.45 8.85 67.90 13.24 TOTAL DDXs ng/gTOTAL CHLORDANES ng/g 6.63 2.25 20.15 4.32 TOTAL CHLORDANES ng/gTotal PBDE's ng/g 10 12.88 5.53 37.36 9.84 Total PBDE's ng/g 15

American Eel NUM AVG MIN MAX STDDV Weakfish NUM

TOTAL MERCURY mg/g 25 0.20 0.07 0.46 0.10 TOTAL MERCURY mg/g 16

TOTAL PCBs ng/g 418.21 15.26 2991.06 754.19 TOTAL PCBs ng/gTOTAL DDXs ng/g 150.06 12.48 1362.52 313.41 TOTAL DDXs ng/gTOTAL CHLORDANES ng/g 40.02 1.01 173.53 49.15 TOTAL CHLORDANES ng/gTotal PBDE's ng/g 5 131.10 12.19 290.68 112.90 Total PBDE's ng/g 0

Porgy/Scup NUM AVG MIN MAX STDDV Atlantic Croaker NUM

TOTAL MERCURY mg/g 5 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.01 TOTAL MERCURY mg/g 5

TOTAL PCBs ng/g 170.92 64.36 323.13 107.88 TOTAL PCBs ng/gTOTAL DDXs ng/g 19.56 4.96 44.60 15.85 TOTAL DDXs ng/gTOTAL CHLORDANES ng/g 6.09 2.23 12.76 15.85 TOTAL CHLORDANES ng/gTotal PBDE's ng/g 0 Total PBDE's ng/g 0

White Catfish NUM AVG MIN MAX STDDV White Perch NUM

TOTAL MERCURY mg/g 4 0.14 0.09 0.22 0.06 TOTAL MERCURY mg/g 3

TOTAL PCBs ng/g 5 311.53 62.24 580.99 215.91 TOTAL PCBs ng/gTOTAL DDXs ng/g 5 98.10 17.57 191.56 52.55 TOTAL DDXs ng/gTOTAL CHLORDANES ng/g 5 15.97 4.07 32.53 8.02 TOTAL CHLORDANES ng/gTotal PBDE's ng/g 0 Total PBDE's ng/g 0

AVG MIN MAX STDDV

0.35 0.11 0.76 0.19

426.30 69.20 1819.57 364.7067.84 11.11 210.33 53.7218.65 2.58 67.10 14.6738.55 3.05 137.75 38.93

AVG MIN MAX STDDV

0.17 0.11 0.11 0.05

173.11 7.14 716.48 187.8325.36 5.38 81.29 19.156.22 0.42 21.19 5.32

AVG MIN MAX STDDV

0.15 0.09 0.24 0.06

40.95 13.66 51.78 15.598.01 2.59 9.81 3.061.91 0.46 2.56 0.97

AVG MIN MAX STDDV

0.11 0.09 0.13 0.02

146.24 90.87 192.21 51.3256.20 29.48 77.37 24.4214.34 9.39 18.56 4.63

Total PCBs, DDX, Chlordanes, & PBDEs By Species

1

10

100

1000

Striped Bass Bluefish Eel Weakfish Porgy Croaker Catfish Perch

ng/g

PCBs DDX Chlordanes PBDEs

Total Mercury by Species

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

striped

bass

bluefish

America

n eel

weakfi

shporg

y/scu

pAtla

ntic cr

oaker

white ca

tfish

white perc

hcra

b (musc

le)cra

b (hep

at.)

lobster (m

uscle)

lobster (

hepat.

)

ug/g

Year 2 -Monitoring Program :

Striped Bass PCB Database

Striped Bass Num Tot PCB Lgth (cm)Hackensack River @ Laurel

Hill 1 1465.37 43.60Mid-Lower Raritan

Bay@Raritan beach/Chapel Hill 2 157.38 70.00

Atlantic Ocean, Sandy Hook 5 153.32 83.56

Atlantic Ocean, Island Beach 1 148.52 65.20

Barnegat Bay near Barnegat Light 4 173.97 75.73

Atlantic Ocean, Sea Isle City to Cape May 10 280.03 74.09

Delaware Bay Middle 5 208.74 79.12

Striped Bass Avg PCB (ppb)Raritan Bay to Delaware Bay

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Mid-Lower RaritanBay@Raritan

beach/Chapel Hill

Atlantic Ocean,Sandy Hook

Atlantic Ocean,Island Beach

Barnegat Baynear Barnegat

Light

Atlantic Ocean,Sea Isle City to

Cape May

Delaware BayMiddle

Tot P

CB

s (p

pb)

Year 2 Monitoring Program : Bluefish PCB Database

Bluefish PCB Avg. (ppb) All Sizes and Locations

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Raritan @ Rt35

Raritan Bay@ Port

Monmouth

Sandy HookBay

AtlanticOcean,

Sandy Hook

AtlanticOcean atBelmar

AtlanticOcean, Island

Beach

Barnegat Baynear Barnegat

Light

Delaware BayMiddle

PCB (p

pb)

BluefishLocation Avg PCBs (ppb) Lgth (cm)Raritan @ Rt 35 462.29 39.2Raritan Bay @ Port Monmouth 967.11 79.68Sandy Hook Bay 248.14 35.96Atlantic Ocean, Sandy Hook 477.04 75Atlantic Ocean at Belmar 141.80 77.36Atlantic Ocean, Island Beach 320.79 67.73Barnegat Bay near Barnegat Light 237.61 46.8Atlantic , Sea Isle City to Cape May 340.79 61.98Delaware Bay Middle 289.26 35.03

Bluefish >= 61 cm 483.90 74.99Standard Deviation = 449.52 7.72Confidence interval= 207.663829

Bluefish < 61 cm 349.20 39.56Standard Deviation = 161.61 6.43Confidence interval 89.06711313

Delaware Bay 289.26 35.03

Raritan Bay 777.80 64.49

Year 2 Monitoring Program : American Eel PCB Data

American Eel PCB Avg (ppb)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

ShrewsburyRiver

Navesink River Shark River Barnegat B @Toms R

Mullica River Delaware R @Camden

PCB

(ppb

)

American Eel

Location Num Total PCBs Length (cm)

Shrewsbury River 4 131.64 55.8

Navesink River 5 162.73 56.9

Shark River 2 216.02 68.0

Barnegat B @ Toms R 5 71.95 54.6

Mullica River 4 151.15 65.6

Delaware R @ Camden 5 1536.68 56.2

All Samples Averages 25 406.58 58.69

Coastal Tribs Average 20 148.51 59.43

Average PCB Concentrations in Striped Bass from New Jersey Coastal Waters

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

PCB

s (p

pb)

Atlantic Ocean - NorthAtlantic Ocean - SouthRaritan-Passaic

Average PCBs in Bluefish from New Jersey Coastal Waters

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

PCB

s (p

pb)

Atlantic Ocean - North

Atlantic Ocean - South

Raritan-Passaic

PCB Trends in Striped Bass and Bluefish

Year 2 Monitoring Program : Blue Crab PCB Data (ppb) by Location

Blue Crab Avg PCB in Muscle and Hepatopancreas by Location

1

10

100

1000

10000

Loca

tion

Hacke

nsac

k Rive

rTida

l Pas

saic

River

Passa

ic R @

New

ark B

ay

Newark

Bay

@ Tu

rnpike

Bridge

Newark

Bay

@ Sho

oters

Islan

dArth

ur Kill

@ La

ndfill

Raritan

Bay @

South Ambo

yRari

tan R

iver @

Rt 35

Raritan

Bay@

Keans

burg

Lower

Raritan

Bay

Hudso

n R. @

Cav

en P

oint

PC

B (n

g/g)

Mus Hep

Year 2 Monitoring Program :

Blue Crab Dioxin TEQ Data

Average Dioxin TEQ - Crab Muscle - 2004

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Mid-Raritan Bay

E. Raritan Bay

W. Rarita

n Bay

Raritan R. @

Rt 35

Arthur Kill

Newark Bay (S

hooters Is.)

Newark Bay

Lower Passaic River

Upper Tidal Passaic River

Hackensack River

"Newark Bay Complex"

"Raritan Bay Complex"

Upper NY Bay

Diox

in T

EQ

(pg/

g)

Crab Muscle

Average Dioxin TEQ in Crab Hepatopancreas (2004)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Mid-Raritan Bay

E. Raritan Bay

W. Raritan Bay

Raritan R. @Rt 35 Arthur Kill

Newark Bay (Shooters Is.)Newark Bay

Lower Passaic River

Upper Tidal Passaic River

Hackensack River

"Newark Bay Complex"

"Raritan Bay Complex"

Upper NY Bay

Diox

in T

EQ (p

g/g)

Crab Hepatopancreas

Average Dioxin TEQ in Lobster Muscle & Hepatopancreas

0.35

0.53

31.16

99.11

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

Dio

xin

TEQ

(pg/

g)

Lobster Muscle

Lobster Hepatopancreas

Raritan BayNear-shore Northern Coastal

Year 2 Monitoring Program :

American Lobster Dioxin (TEQ) Data

NY-NJ Harbor (NYSDEC data 1999-2000)

• PCBs (Aroclors & Congeners)• Dioxins/furans• Mercury & Methylmercury• Cadmium• Organochlorine pesticides• PAHs• Fish fillet, fish liver, invertebrate tissue,

blue crab muscle & hepatopancreas and zooplankton

NY-NJ Harbor (NYSDEC data 1999-2000)

• Locations– HR- Poughkeepsie– HR- Haverstraw Bay– Upper Bay– Newark Bay– Passaic River– Raritan Bay– NY Bight– Jamaica Bay– LI Sound

• Species– Mummichog– White Perch– American Eel– Striped Bass– Winter Flounder

Average PBDEs in Fish from NJ Waters - 2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

Striped Bass(Statewide)

Bluefish(Statewide)

Bluefish (RaritanBay)

American eel(Delaware R.)

Farmed Salmon(SOTA, 2004)

Wild Salmon (SOTA, 2004)

Species and Location

PBD

Es (p

pb)

PBDE Data Compared to Commercial Salmon

Statewide Average Mercury Concentrations in NJ Fish

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

Chain pick

erel

Largemouth bassYellow Perch

Yellow bullhead

BluefishStrip

ed BassWhite

Perch

Smallmouth

bass"Sunfish

"Americ

an eelCha

nnel catfis

hWhite

Catfish

Black Crappie

Brown bullhead

BluegillCarp

Species

Hg

(ug/

g)

Geometric Mean (ppm)

Mean (ppm)95% UCL (ppm)

One Meal Per Week

Do Not Eat (High-Risk Ind.)

Statewide Mercury Advisory for Freshwater Recreational Fish

• General Population – Eat No More Than One Meal Per Week

• High-risk Individual – Eat No More Than One Meal Per Month

Routine Monitoring for Toxics in Fish :Year 3 Raritan River Region

Project UpdateProject Update

The scope of work for the Yr 3 Routine Monitoring Program study design is presented in two parts: Task I provides data on the baseline status and trends sampling for sites in the Raritan River drainage of the State. Task II studies on estuarine and marine fish of recreational importance.

ROUTINE MONITORING OF TOXIC IN F

Task I SitesVerona Park LakeRound Valley Res.Spruce Run ResRaritan River South BranchFlemington off Bartles Corner RdD& R Canal Raven Rock to TrentonNew Market PondGrovers Mill PondRosedale Lake D&R Canal Trenton-KingstonCarnegie LakeDavidson Mill PondDeVoe LakeFarrington LakeManalapan LakeDuhernol LakeSpring Lake (New Market Pd drainageWeston Mill PondD&R Canal New Brunswick- KingstonRaritan River @ Rt 1South RiverBudd LakeBlack RiverRaritan R. S. Branch Long Valley - ClaRaritan R. S. Branch Flander- BartleyN Branch Raritan at BranchburgPoint View Res.Raritan R. @ Millstone RRaritan R. S Branch @ Neshanic Bound Brook (off Shepherd Ave)Green Brook (New Market Pd drainagBound Brook at New Market Lake DamMillstone River @ ManvilleRahway R. Cranford-RahwayRahway R. Springfield- Cranford

Task II SitesRaritan BayLower BaySandy Hook BayShark R. or Manasquan Inlet or Great Barnegat BaySouth Jersey Coastal (Avalon Area)Delaware Bay

Routine Monitoring Program Year 3 Raritan River Region

Task I & Task II Sampling Site Locations

Routine Monitoring Program - Year 3 Raritan River Region Schedule Field Sampling (Spring –Fall 2006) Laboratory Preparation and Analysis (2006 – 2007) Assessment and Reporting (Summer - Fall 2007) A Draft Report is expected to be available by July 2007, and a Final Report to be available by November 2007. Draft Advisories - October 2007

Routine Monitoring Program: Year 4 Atlantic Coastal Region

• Pinelands• Freshwaters (lakes, ponds, streams, tidal)• Tidal Waters (estuarine; tribs to Delaware

Bay)• Current advisories – Hg• Pesticides/PCBs, PBDEs, limited

dioxin/furan

Task I Freshwater Sampling Locations

Atlantic Coastal Region Freshwater Sampling Locations County Number of

Avail. Waterbodies*

Number Previous Sampled Waters

Number of Add’l Waterbodies

Atlantic 12 2 7 Burlington 20 5 3 Camden 6 2 1 Cape May 9 2 2 Cumberland 14 4 7 Gloucester 13 3 3 Monmouth 26 3 7 Ocean 31 6 10 Salem 4 2 2 Total 135 29 42 * As listed in NJDFW publication “Places to Fish”.

Routine Monitoring Program: Year 4 Atlantic Coastal Region

TASK I - Sampling of the Upper and Lower Delaware River Region TASK II - Supplemental Sampling of Delaware Estuary Tidal Freshwater/ Estuarine Species

Routine Monitoring Program: Year 5 Upper and Lower Delaware River

Region

Upper and Lower Delaware River Sampling Locations

Task I Upper and Lower Delaware River Sampling Locations

County Number of Avail. Waterbodies*

Number Previous Sampled Waters

Number of Add’l Waterbodies

Burlington 14 3 6 Camden 15 13 0 Gloucester 7 1 2 Hunterdon 7 0 2 Mercer 9 3 4 Salem 8 1 4 Sussex 29 8 9 Warren 14 3 7 Total 103 32 34 * As listed in NJDFW publication “Places to Fish”.

Routine Monitoring Program: Year 5 Upper and Lower Delaware River Region

Future Work

• 2007 - Coastal Plain• 2008 - Upper & Lower Delaware• 2009 - Revise & Implement 5-year Program• Schedule contingent on funding

Additional Information

• New Jersey Fish Consumption Advisories:– www.FishSmartEatSmartNJ.org

• NJ Mercury Task Force Report:– www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/mercury_task_force.htm