rpas integration into the overall atm system · management and technology consultants flight...

www.askhelios.com

Management and technology consultants

Flight Safety Symposium

15th September 2015

RPAS integration into the overall ATM

system

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RPAS are making the headlines globally

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Some definitions

Market expansion

Existing regulations and enforcement

Principles of integration

So where next?

Agenda

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Fundamentally, we are talking about an aircraft as states ICAO:

Whether the aircraft is manned or unmanned does not affect its status

as an aircraft

The basis from which requirements are set with respect to:

• airworthiness

• personnel licensing

• separation standards,

• etc

So, what exactly are we talking about?

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Market expansion

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Sheer volume

Flight crew qualifications

System capabilities

The challenge(s) of integration

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Sheer volume

Flight crew qualifications

System capabilities

The challenge(s) of integration

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

2013 2014 2015

DJI Parrot 3D Robotics

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Challenges for ATMSource: EC Riga Conference material

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• 2 500 civil operators in Europe

• 1 036 active in UK

• 2 342 civil operators in the rest of the

world

• Greatest growth in the <25kg group

Europe now leads the way in the number of civil

operations…

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European activity

Institutions

Regulation

R&D & ANSPs

ANSPs

NAAs

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Existing regulations and enforcement

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RPAS regulations exist or are being developed in:

• Austria

• Denmark

• France

• Germany

• Italy

• Ireland

• Spain

• UK

Approved flying schools in:

• Denmark

• Netherlands

• UK

More than 500 licenced RPAS

pilots in the Netherlands and

the UK are already operational

Regulations are not uniform

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CAP 722 (2001)

EC study on UAS (2007)ICAO Circular

(2011)EC RPAS call for Action (2013)

EC COM(2014)-207Riga Conference (2015)

EASA NPA (2015)

Common regulation is in progress

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But globally the number of incidents with RPAS is

growing…

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Highlighted also by number of reported airproxes

from UK analysis…

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Operators who intend to conduct aerial work using SUA are

required to apply for a permission from the CAA in accordance

with ANO 2009 Article 166(5).

Operators of unmanned aircraft over 20 kg are required to apply

for an exemption from the CAA. Any aerial work aspects will also

be covered within this exemption.

Operators who intend to fly a Small Unmanned Surveillance

Aircraft (SUSA) within the separation criteria of ANO 2009 Article

167(2) are required to apply for a permission from the CAA and

must submit a safety case including a risk assessment of the

operation.

CAP 722 requirements

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Open Category:

• Small and simple drones in operating conditions that pose very low risk

Specific Category:

• Operation posing more significant aviation risks to persons overflown or involves sharing the airspace with manned aviation

Certified Category:

• Risks rise to a level similar to normal, manned aviation and wider scope of operation

Subcategories in the ‘open’ category:

• CAT A0: ‘Toys’ and ‘mini drones’ < 1 kg

• CAT A1: ‘Very small drones’ < 4 kg

• CAT A2: ‘Small drones’ < 25 kg

EASA proposed definitions

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Open Category:

• Small and simple drones in operating conditions that pose very low risk

Specific Category:

• Operation posing more significant aviation risks to persons overflown or involves sharing the airspace with manned aviation

Certified Category:

• Risks rise to a level similar to normal, manned aviation and wider scope of operation

Subcategories in the ‘open’ category:

• CAT A0: ‘Toys’ and ‘mini drones’ < 1 kg

• CAT A1: ‘Very small drones’ < 4 kg

• CAT A2: ‘Small drones’ < 25 kg

EASA proposed definitions

The key element in the ‘open’ category is, therefore, the

responsibility and awareness of the operators. This starts

with the need to make drone buyers aware that they

operate an aircraft

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So, what about the proposed regulation…

No drone

zone

Limited-

drone

zone

50 m

150 m

Pilot

Competence

requiredCAT A1

CAT A0 / A1

CAT A1 / A2

CAT A0 / A1

/ A2

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Principles of integration

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And the principles of integration?

Operation centric Categories

Risk-based Regulatory framework

Proportionate Security and privacy

Progressive Enforcement

Performance-based

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Cooperative vs non-cooperative systems

• TCAS, Mode S, ADS-B (aviation equivalent of AIS)

Functions

• Enable pilot to perform separation and collision avoidance roles

• Undertake collision avoidance automatically if normal separation provision fails (e.g. If control link is lost)

Even with the ‘open’ category resolved, on board

‘sense and avoid’ issues remain..

Sensor Technology Scan EnvelopeTime to Collision

Revisit Rate ResolutionAdverse Weather

Laser Radar Excellent Fair Poor Excellent Poor

35 GHz MMW radar Excellent Excellent Fair Excellent Fair

94 GHz MMW radar Excellent Fair Fair Excellent Fair

Visibile Imaging Excellent Fair Excellent Fair Poor

IR Imaging Excellent Fair Excellent Fair Poor

Passive MMW imaging Excellent Fair Fair Fair Excellent

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Audio Detection:

• Not effective in Urban environments

• Range limited – 50m

Video Detection:


• Difficult to distinguish between birds and drones

Thermal Detection:

• Heat from smaller drones insufficient beyond 200m

RF Detection:

• Effective in gathering information to identify operator


Radar Detection:

• Small, plastic, electric-powered difficult to detect

• Difficult to distinguish between birds and drones

And what about static detection …

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And what about static detection…

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RPAS offer promising environmental, cost and efficiency benefits

for a whole range of applications

A number of barriers still need to be overcome for complete

integration

• These will be different depending on the RPAS and the

operation

RPAS is another legitimate airspace user

Much has been achieved; but strong leadership from, better

coordination and learning lessons from others will improve

progress

So where next?

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Management and technology consultants

Philip Church

Principal Consultant

[email protected]

+44 1252 451 668

rpas integration into the overall atm system · management and technology consultants flight...

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