rr794 - vibration measurements on torque multipliers1.1 outline of work it was brought to hse’s...

Executive Health and Safety

Vibration measurements on torque multipliers

Prepared by the Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2010

RR794 Research Report



Richard Heaton MPhys(Hons) Sue Hewitt BA(Hons) MSc Health and Safety Laboratory Harpur Hill Buxton Derbyshire SK17 9JN

It was brought to HSE’s attention that torque multipliers were being used instead of impact wrenches in some instances in the workplace. Given that torque multipliers are purely rotary machines, the vibration level is likely to be much lower than that on an impact wrench. HSL had not previously measured the vibration magnitudes associated with the use of torque multipliers and so were asked by HSE to see whether they are a practicable alternative to impact wrenches and to investigate the differences in vibration exposure associated with their use.

When comparing HSL measured emission values with field measurements, the emission values are lower than the field measurements, indicating that the risk is underestimated by the emission values. However the risk from vibration exposure associated with the use of the machines is very low.

The number of vibration exposure points incurred from use of a torque multiplier when processing 100 nuts is approximately ten times lower than would be incurred with an impact wrench, however it would take three times longer.

A torque multiplier may be the preferred choice of tool if an operator is subject to vibration exposure from using other machines, as very few vibration exposure points will be incurred from its use.

This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.

HSE Books

© Crown copyright 2010

First published 2010

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to:Licensing Division, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQor by e-mail to [email protected]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors gratefully acknowledge those who assisted in this project, in particular the tool manufacturers who supplied the tools and the site used for the field measurements.

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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 11.1 Outline of work......................................................................................... 2

2 TOOLS TESTED......................................................................................... 3

3 LABORATORY TESTING OF VIBRATION EMISSION ............................. 43.1 Emission test procedure for torque multipliers......................................... 43.2 Transducer mounting locations................................................................ 53.3 Data acquisition and analysis .................................................................. 53.4 Emission test results................................................................................ 7

4 FIELD MEASUREMENTS .......................................................................... 84.1 Measurement protocol ............................................................................. 84.2 Data acquisition and analysis .................................................................. 84.3 Results of field measurements ................................................................ 9

5 DISCUSSION............................................................................................ 105.1 Comparison of declared and measured emission.................................. 105.2 Comparison of measured emission and field measurements ................ 105.3 Comparison of a torque multiplier and an impact wrench ...................... 11

6 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................ 12

7 REFERENCES.......................................................................................... 13

APPENDICES .................................................................................................. 14Appendix A – Emission and field measurement equipment ............................. 14Appendix B – Emission and field measurement data ....................................... 15

iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Objectives

Torque multipliers are handheld, air driven, non-impacting torque delivery tools intended to tighten and loosen nuts, bolts and threaded fasteners.

It was brought to HSE’s attention that torque multipliers were being used instead of impact wrenches in some instances in the workplace. Given that torque multipliers are purely rotary tools, the vibration level is likely to be much lower than that on an impact wrench.

HSL had not previously measured the vibration magnitudes associated with the use of torque multipliers and so were asked by HSE to investigate two tools as part of the current work programme on the comparison of emission data and in-use magnitudes, to see whether torque multipliers are a practicable alternative to impact wrenches and to investigate the differences in vibration exposure associated with their use.

Main Findings

Using the standard test outlined in ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008, manufacturers’ declared emission values were verified according to the criteria in BS EN 12096:1997 for torque multipliers using the values from both brake device and free running tests.


The number of vibration exposure points incurred from use of a torque multiplier when processing 100 nuts is approximately ten times lower than would be incurred with an impact wrench.

A torque multiplier may be the preferred choice of tool if an operator is subject to vibration exposure from using other machines, as very few vibration exposure points will be incurred from its use. It may also be advantageous if a specific torque is required, as changing the pressure on the external regulator can easily vary and set the torque. Torque multipliers are however slower than impact wrenches and there is also increased potential for trapping injuries to occur, due to the movement of the reaction bar. An impulse nutrunner may also be a suitable alternative to an impact wrench as it is likely to lie somewhere between a torque multiplier and an impact wrench in terms of vibration exposure and speed of use.

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1 INTRODUCTION

Torque multipliers are handheld, air driven, non-impacting torque delivery tools intended to tighten and loosen nuts, bolts and threaded fasteners. Two examples are shown in Figure 1. Every tool is supplied with an individual air pressure calibration graph, which relates torque output to air pressure. The pressure is controlled using an external air pressure regulator.

Figure 1 Torque multipliers; Left – Tool A, Right – Tool B

Whilst in operation the reaction arm on a torque multiplier rotates in the opposite direction to the output square drive and must be allowed to rest squarely against a solid object or surface adjacent to the bolt to be tightened or loosened as shown in Figure 2. This reaction allows the torque to be applied. Once the required torque is achieved the tool stalls and no further tightening is possible.

Figure 2 Torque reaction for clockwise operation

1

1.1 OUTLINE OF WORK

It was brought to HSE’s attention that torque multipliers were being used instead of impact wrenches in some instances in the workplace. Given that torque multipliers are purely rotary tools, the vibration level is likely to be much lower than that on an impact wrench.

HSL had not previously measured the vibration magnitudes associated with the use of torque multipliers and so we investigated two tools as part of the current work programme on the comparison of emission data and in use magnitudes, to see whether torque multipliers are a practicable alternative to impact wrenches and to investigate the differences in vibration exposure associated with their use.

The work involved:

1. Measuring the vibration emission according to the provisions in the most relevant standard. There is no standardised vibration emission test for torque multipliers, the most suitable existing standard is that for impact wrenches which is BS EN ISO 28662-7:1997. This standard is currently under revision and the replacement standard is in its final draft stage of approval, so the torque multipliers were tested according to the latest draft of this standard, ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008.

2. Comparing vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions.

3. Providing HSE with information regarding (1) and (2) above, and any other information on machine use and vibration risk.

The vibration exposures reported here are very low and so in order to differentiate between them they have been given in terms of exposure points. Exposure points can be converted to partial exposures using Table 1.

Table 1 Conversion from exposure points (EP) to partial exposures (A(8)) EP A(8) 1 0.25 2 0.35 3 0.43 4 0.50 5 0.56 6 0.61 7 0.66 8 0.71 9 0.75

10 0.79 12 0.87 14 0.94 16 1.00 18 1.06 20 1.12 22 1.17 24 1.22 26 1.27 28 1.32

EP A(8) 30 1.37 35 1.48 40 1.58 45 1.68 50 1.77 55 1.85 60 1.94 65 2.02 70 2.09 75 2.17 80 2.24 85 2.30 90 2.37 95 2.44

100 2.50 110 2.62 120 2.74 130 2.85 140 2.96

EP A(8) 150 3.06 160 3.16 170 3.26 180 3.35 190 3.45 200 3.54 250 3.95 300 4.33 350 4.68 400 5.00

2

2 TOOLS TESTED

Two torque multipliers were acquired for testing as shown in Figure 1. Table 2 describes their basic characteristics. They were both chosen with a 1” square drive to represent the middle of the range of sizes available.

Table 2 Tools used in the study

Tool HSL Sample No.

Weight

(kg)

Maximum torque

(N/m)

Square drive

Declared vibration emission

(m/s2)

A NV/09/26 5.7 2100 1” <2.5

B NV/09/27 6.1 1350 1” <2.5

3

3 LABORATORY TESTING OF VIBRATION EMISSION

3.1 EMISSION TEST PROCEDURE FOR TORQUE MULTIPLIERS

The most appropriate standard for testing the vibration emission of a torque multiplier is ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 “Hand-held portable power tools – Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission – Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers”. The standard details two methods for testing the vibration emission, namely in a brake device or free running, depending on whether or not the machine under test has an impact mechanism.

A torque multiplier does not have an impact mechanism and so should be tested whilst free running according to the test code ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008. However for this work, it was also tested in the brake device to allow comparison between the two methods in the test code.

A brake device is used to obtain a stable rotational frequency of the output shaft of the machine and to absorb the output energy of the machine. Such a device is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Brake device for emission testing

3.1.1 Brake device method

The brake device method applies a frictional torque to the machine, providing a realistic inertial loading on the output shaft by the use of standard sizes of sockets. The rotational frequency of the output shaft is set to one rotation every 8 seconds by adjusting the tightness of the brake.

Three different operators each carry out a series of five measurements. Each test involves running the machine for 8 seconds.

3.1.2 Free running method

The free running method involves free running the machine while holding it in a manner similar to that used when tightening and loosening threaded fasteners.

Three different operators each carry out a series of five measurements. Each test involves running the machine for 8 seconds.

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3.2

3.3

TRANSDUCER MOUNTING LOCATIONS

The transducer locations as defined by ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 are shown in Figure 4. The locations marked as “1” correspond to the prescribed locations on the support and throttle. The locations marked as “2” correspond to the secondary locations on the support and throttle. The prescribed locations are as close as possible to the hand between the thumb and index finger with the machine held as in normal operation.

Figure 4 Transducer mounting locations (taken from ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008). (1= prescribed locations, 2 = secondary locations)

For Tool A there was too much rotational movement on the front housing (support) for measurement at the prescribed location to be possible. Measurements were carried out at three of the four prescribed and secondary locations for comparison.

For Tool B there was less rotational movement on the front housing (support) so it was possible to make a measurement at the prescribed location. Measurements were carried out at all four prescribed and secondary locations for comparison.

DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

Details of instrumentation used for acquisition and analysis of vibration emission data are given in Appendix A.

The transducers used for all the measurements were Brüel & Kjær (B&K) Type 4393 piezoelectric accelerometers. The type of transducer mounting technique employed, depended on the measurement location. Three systems were used (in order of preference):

1. Accelerometers bolted to aluminium mounting block and fixed in place using a plastic cable tie and tensioning gun (Figure 5a)

2. Accelerometers bolted to brass mounting block and fixed in place using cyano-acrylate glue (Figure 5b)

3. Accelerometers glued to aluminium mounting block using gluing studs and fixed in place using cyano-acrylate glue

The total mass of the mounting assemblies was in each case about 18 grams. The method chosen depended on the characteristics of the measurement location. All three assemblies provide good mountings and give comparable results.

5

Figure 5a Aluminium block positioned Figure 5b Brass block positioned using using the cable tie system cyano-acrylate glue

The type of assembly that was used for the different mounting locations is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Transducer mounting assemblies and locations Location Assembly

Support (Prescribed) Aluminium block and cable tie Support (Secondary) Brass block and glue Throttle (Prescribed) Brass/Aluminium block and glue Throttle (Secondary) Brass block and glue

The signals from the transducers were amplified using either B&K Nexus or 2635 charge amplifiers.

Each of the five separate measurements for each operator was an eight second linear analysis, made using a B&K Pulse multi-channel real time frequency analyser. One-third octave band analyses of the data were carried out. The data were also frequency weighted in accordance with BS EN ISO 8041:2005 and then stored on the PC. The overall frequency weighted vibration magnitude at each measurement position was recorded after each test.

After five measurements, the coefficient of variation Cv, was calculated. The Cv is equal to the standard deviation divided by the mean of the five measurements. The test code requires that the value of Cv for five consecutive measurements should be less than 0.15, for the data to be valid. If Cv was equal to or greater than 0.15 then testing continued until five consecutive measurements gave an acceptable value of Cv.

For each tool, the overall arithmetic mean was obtained from the mean values for the three operators. A value for the individual uncertainty K was calculated from the results of all the three operators, according to the provisions of BS EN 12096:1997 Annex B.2, where a single tool is used to declare the vibration emission.

The results for both tools were calculated in terms of the vibration total values at each measurement location. The vibration total value is the root-sum-of-squares of the vibration magnitudes in all three axes of vibration.

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3.4 EMISSION TEST RESULTS

The full results of the emission tests including frequency spectra are given in Appendix B.

Table 4 contains the results of the HSL emission tests at all of the ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 mounting locations. It was not possible to measure on the prescribed support location on Tool A as there was too much rotational movement on the front housing.

Table 4 Vibration emission total values measured at HSL Prescribed

throttle Prescribed

support Secondary

throttle Secondary

support Frequency-weighted vibration magnitude (m/s2)

a K a K a K a K Brake device

Tool A 0.34 0.02 0.40 0.02 0.42 0.02 Tool B 0.73 0.19 0.20 0.05 0.47 0.15 0.52 0.17

Free running

Tool A 0.31 0.08 0.33 0.10 0.43 0.11 Tool B 0.53 0.06 0.21 0.01 0.52 0.10 1.69 0.37

The figures in bold indicate the highest vibration emissions across all mounting locations for each tool.

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4.1

4 FIELD MEASUREMENTS

MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL

Following the laboratory emission stage, the torque multipliers were taken to a fleet maintenance workshop where they were used to tighten and loosen lorry wheel nuts, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 Tightening and loosening lorry wheel nuts

The measurement conditions were kept as close as possible to a real work situation. Triaxial measurements were made at the prescribed throttle and secondary support locations. It was not possible to measure at the prescribed support location as there was less control of the movement of the front housing during the field measurements. Three operators each loosened and then tightened four nuts on the lorry wheel, one after another.

4.2 DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

Details of the instrumentation used for acquisition and analysis of vibration emission data is given in Appendix A.

The data acquisition technique for the field measurements was largely the same as for the laboratory tests. For each operator, two measurements were made: one while loosening four nuts and the other while tightening four nuts. Data were analysed using a B&K Pulse multichannel real time frequency analyser. One-third octave band analyses of the data were carried out. The data were also frequency weighted in accordance with BS EN ISO 8041:2005 and then stored on the PC. The overall frequency weighted vibration magnitudes at both measurement locations were recorded after each test.

4.2.1 Processing the data for comparisons

As the vibration magnitudes measured are heavily dependent on the number of wheel nuts processed and the time taken to do this, the results have been converted to show the number of HSE vibration exposure points incurred for processing 100 wheel nuts.

Using the information in ISO 5349-2:2001 Annex E.2.4 which gives an example of estimating exposures of impulsive tools by using single impacts, or bursts of vibration, and

8

4.3

PD CEN/TR 15350:2006, it can be shown that the number of vibration exposure points per m shots, PE,m, is given by Equation 1.

P m E = ⎡ ahv ⎤

2 m ×

Ttest ×100 [1], ⎢⎣ 5.2 ⎥⎦ ×

Ntest T0

Where

ahv = vibration magnitude from measurement m = number of nuts processed in exposure period (a value of 100 has been used here to

normalise all data to exposure per 100 nuts) Ntest = no. of nuts processed during the measurement Ttest = duration of measurement in seconds T0 = reference exposure time of 8 hours i.e. 28800 seconds

RESULTS OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS

The full results from the field measurements, including frequency spectra, are given in Appendix B. A summary of the results is shown in Table 5.

In Table 5, all of the frequency weighted vibration magnitudes quoted are from the throttle measurement location, as the operator’s hand was always in a fixed position on this handle. The operator’s other hand constantly moved position around the support measurement location. The throttle location was the higher of the two locations in the majority of cases.

Table 5 Summary of field measurements on both torque multipliers

Tool Op# Operation

Frequency weighted vibration

magnitude (m/s²)

Duration of measurement

(seconds)

No. of wheel nuts

processed

Points per 100 wheel

nuts

1 2.0 36 4 2 2 Loosening 2.6 61 4 6 3 wheel nuts 1.1 74 2 2

A 3 0.9 38 2 1 1 1.4 55 4 1 2 Tightening

wheel nuts 2.0 71 4 4 3 0.5 225 4 1 1 2.6 34 4 3 2 Loosening 1.9 42 4 2 3 wheel nuts 1.9 13 2 1

B 3 1.2 29 2 1 1 Tightening

wheel nuts

1.7 47 4 2 2 2.2 46 4 3 3 1.4 44 4 1

9

5.1

5.2

5 DISCUSSION

COMPARISON OF DECLARED AND MEASURED EMISSION

For comparison of measured and declared emission values BS EN 12096:1997 states that if one machine is evaluated, the declared vibration emission is verified if the measured vibration emission, a, is less than, or equal to the value of a + K as declared by the manufacturer. Table 6 shows a comparison of the highest HSL measured emission across all measurement locations and manufacturers’ declared emission for both tools. Where the manufacturer has declared the vibration emission as <2.5m/s2, the figure of 2.5m/s2 has been used for comparison with HSL measured data.

Table 6 Manufacturers’ declared emission and HSL measured emission

Tool

Manufacturers’ declared emission

(m/s2)

HSL measured emission

(m/s2) HSL verifies

a K a+K a K a+K A <2.5 -* - 0.42 0.02 0.44 Y B <2.5 -* - 1.69 0.37 2.06 Y

* BS EN 12096:1997 does not give any guidelines for estimating K when the vibration is declared as <2.5 m/s2

Even though a value of K has not been estimated, Table 6 shows that HSL have verified the manufacturers’ declared vibration emission in both cases, as the HSL emission values are less than 2.5 m/s2.

COMPARISON OF MEASURED EMISSION AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS

In order to compare HSL measured emission with field measurements, the emission values were converted into a number of vibration exposure points per 100 nuts by using Equation [1]. Equation [1] cannot be applied directly in this instance as the emission test is a continuous operation rather than intermittent as with the field measurements, so we do not have a number of nuts processed during the emission test (or a time for processing the nuts).

To generate a figure for comparison, the number of nuts in the measurement has been set to one, and (from video footage and time history data from the field measurements) the time to process one nut has been estimated to be 5.5 seconds. Using this data, Table 7 shows a comparison of the number of points per 100 nuts processed, for the HSL emission and field measurements.

Table 7 Comparison of the number of points per 100 nuts processed Ave. no. of points No. of points

per 100 nuts per 100 nuts (field measurement) (emission test)

Tool A 3 1 Tool B 2 1

For the field measurement column in Table 7 all of the individual measurements in Table 5 have been used to produce an average number of vibration exposure points per 100 nuts. Table 7 shows that there is a minimal difference between the number of points incurred when using the

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5.3

emission test data rather than field measurement data. The emission test value underestimates the risk associated with the use of the tools, however the risk is very small.

COMPARISON OF A TORQUE MULTIPLIER AND AN IMPACT WRENCH

Table 8 shows the results of field measurements carried out on an impact wrench as reported in NV/03/17. These data have been selected for comparison with the torque multipliers data, to get an indication of the relative levels of vibration risk associated with use of the two types of tool. The impact wrench was of a similar size to the torque multipliers and used for an almost identical task, namely tightening and loosening nuts on a lorry wheel. The results of the measurements have been used in Equation [1] to calculate the number of vibration exposure points per 100 nuts as with the torque multipliers.

Table 8 Field measurements on an impact wrench

Tool

Frequency weighted vibration

magnitude (m/s²)

Duration of measurement

(seconds)

No. of wheel nuts processed

Points per 100 wheel nuts

9.9 49 8 34

Impact wrench

9.7 7.3 9.2

60 21 53

10 10 9

31 6

28 11.3 33 10 24

Average 25

Table 8 shows that the use of the impact wrench will incur an average of 25 points per 100 wheel nuts processed. Comparing this figure with the figure for the torque multipliers, this means that an operator using an impact wrench would incur approximately 10 times as many points as they would using a torque multiplier for the same task.

Although the vibration exposures are lower with a torque multiplier for a comparable task, there are other safety considerations to be taken in to account. In terms of speed, a torque multiplier is considerably slower than an impact wrench. It takes an impact wrench approximately 2 seconds to process one wheel nut compared to 5.5 seconds with a torque multiplier, so it takes approximately 3 times longer with a torque multiplier. This means that the duration of a task would be considerably increased if there were a large number of components to be processed. There is also increased potential for trapping injuries to occur when using a torque multiplier, due to the movement of the reaction bar.

There is another type of tool encompassed under ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008, namely an impulse nutrunner which is likely to lie somewhere between a torque multiplier and an impact wrench in terms of vibration exposure and speed of use. An impulse nutrunner features an air-driven hydraulic impulse mechanism that creates an internal pressure differential and a resulting ‘rotary-type’ blow. By adjusting the pressure differential the operator can control the torque output as with a torque multiplier. As they use a hydraulic mechanism rather than metal on metal blows as with an impact wrench, the vibration levels for an impulse nutrunner are likely to be lower. They have a high power to weight ratio, speed, and manufacturers claim “nearreactionless one-handed performance”. Further work is necessary to investigate the relative merits of this type of tool compared with torque multipliers and impact wrenches.

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6 CONCLUSIONS

Using the standard test outlined in ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008, manufacturers’ declared emission values were verified according to the criteria in BS EN 12096:1997 for both machines using the figures for both the brake device and free running tests.

When comparing HSL measured emission values with field measurements in the points per 100 nuts form, the emission values are slightly lower than the field measurements indicating that the risk is underestimated for the use of the tools. However the risk from vibration exposure associated with the use of the machines is very low.

The number of vibration exposure points incurred from the use of a torque multiplier when processing 100 nuts is approximately ten times lower than would be incurred with an impact wrench. However the exposure time for processing 100 wheel nuts with a torque multiplier will be 3 times longer.

A torque multiplier may be the preferred choice of tool if an operator is subject to vibration exposure from using other machines, as very few vibration exposure points will be incurred from its use. It may also be advantageous if a specific torque is required as changing the pressure on the external regulator can easily vary the torque. Torque multipliers are however slower than impact wrenches and there is also increased potential for trapping injuries to occur, due to the movement of the reaction bar. An impulse nutrunner may also be a suitable alternative to an impact wrench as it is likely to lie somewhere between a torque multiplier and an impact wrench in terms of vibration exposure and speed of use and this should be investigated.

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7 REFERENCES

ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008. Hand-held portable power tools – Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission – Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers.

BS EN ISO 28662-7:1997. Hand-held portable power tools. Measurement of vibrations at the handle. Wrenches, screwdrivers and nut runners with impact, impulse or ratchet action.

BS EN ISO 8041:2005. Human response to vibration – Measuring instrumentation.

BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001. Mechanical vibration – Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace.

PD CEN/TR 15350:2006. Mechanical vibration – Guideline for the assessment of exposure to hand-transmitted vibration using available information including that provided by manufacturers of machinery.

BS EN 12096:1997. Mechanical vibration – Declaration and verification of vibration emission values.

Smeatham D et al (2003). NV/03/17 – Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use – Impact wrenches.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A – EMISSION AND FIELD MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT

07/08/09 – 10/11/09 Transducers B&K type

Serial # Sensitivity (pC/ms-2)

Date of last calibration

Ch1 4393 2279750 0.316 August 2009 Ch2 4393 32163 0.307 August 2009 Ch3 4393 11877 0.324 August 2009 Ch4 4393 10693 0.320 August 2009 Ch5 4393 10701 0.323 August 2009 Ch6 4393 1873331 0.320 August 2009

05/11/09 – 10/11/09 Accelerometer on Ch1 replaced with Ch1 4393 1873329 0.321 August 2009

07/08/09 – 13/08/09 Charge

amplifiers B&K type

Serial # Date of last calibration

Ch1 2692 2056119 April 2009 Ch2

Ch3 Ch4

2692 2056117 April 2009 Ch5 Ch6

26/08/09 – 10/11/09 Charge amplifiers changed to Type 2635 Charge

amplifiers B&K type

Serial # Date of last calibration

Ch1 2635 1625036 February 2008 Ch2 2635 1709839 March 2008 Ch3 2635 1493485 February 2008 Ch4 2635 2448012 August 2009 Ch5 2635 2448013 August 2009 Ch6 2635 2448014 August 2009

07/08/09 – 10/11/09 B&K Pulse 3560C Serial # 2423351 January 2008 B&K Pulse LabShop software v12.1.0 Calibrator B&K 4294 Serial # 1688502 October 2009

14

APPENDIX B – EMISSION AND FIELD MEASUREMENT DATA

15

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008

Standard: ISO 28927-2:2008 N&V reference ID: NV/09/26 Measurement file name: Tool A prescribed throttle, secondary support brake device

Hand Position 1 - Support Hand position 2 - Above throttle

TestNo. Operator Meas. Name

Meas. Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv

Operator Statistics a whx a why a whz a hv

Operator Statistics Mean a hv S n-1 Cv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 RS1 10/8/09 10:58:01:999 0.27 0.26 0.20 0.43

0.43 0.008 0.018

0.19 0.19 0.21 0.34

0.34 0.009 0.026 2 1 RS2 10/8/09 10:58:16:623 0.27 0.25 0.20 0.42 0.20 0.19 0.21 0.35 3 1 RS3 10/8/09 10:58:32:748 0.27 0.26 0.20 0.43 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.34 4 1 RS4 10/8/09 10:58:47:023 0.27 0.26 0.20 0.43 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.34 5 1 RS5 10/8/09 10:59:03:498 0.28 0.27 0.21 0.44 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.36 6 2 RH1 10/8/09 11:04:28:374 0.28 0.23 0.19 0.41

0.42 0.006 0.013

0.20 0.18 0.20 0.34

0.34 0.002 0.007 7 2 RH2 10/8/09 11:04:47:749 0.28 0.25 0.19 0.42 0.21 0.18 0.21 0.34 8 2 RH3 10/8/09 11:05:05:998 0.28 0.26 0.19 0.42 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.34 9 2 RH4 10/8/09 11:05:22:999 0.28 0.24 0.19 0.42 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.34 10 2 RH5 10/8/09 11:05:39:873 0.28 0.25 0.19 0.43 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.34 11 3 GH1 10/8/09 13:34:31:873 0.29 0.24 0.19 0.42

0.41 0.007 0.016

0.21 0.19 0.22 0.36

0.34 0.008 0.023 12 3 GH2 10/8/09 13:34:48:498 0.27 0.24 0.19 0.41 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.34 13 3 GH3 10/8/09 13:35:04:999 0.27 0.25 0.19 0.41 0.20 0.18 0.22 0.34 14 3 GH4 10/8/09 13:35:20:499 0.28 0.24 0.20 0.41 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.34 15 3 GH5 10/8/09 13:35:37:498 0.28 0.23 0.19 0.41 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.34

a h (overall mean a hv) : 0.42 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv): 0.34 m/s² " R(single m/c.): 0.01 m/s² " R(single m/c.): 0.01 m/s²

K (single m/c.) value: 0.02 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 0.02 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 0.42 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 0.02 m/s²

Subject 1 Hand 1

0.01 0.1

1 10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

l

x-axis y-axis z-axis

Subject 1 Hand 2

0.01 0.1

1 10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

l


1/3

Oct

. acc

eer

atio

n (m

/s²)

1/

3 O

ct. a

cce

erat

ion

(m/s

²)

Subject 3 Hand 1

0.01 0.1

1 10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

l


Subject 3 Hand 2

0.01 0.1

1 10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

l


1/3

Oct

. acc

eer

atio

n (m

/s²)

1/

3 O

ct. a

cce

erat

ion

(m/s

²)

Subject 2 Hand 1

x-axis y-axis z-axis 100

1/3

Oct

. acc

eler

atio

n

10 1

0.1(m/s

²)

0.01 1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 2 Hand 2

0.01 0.1

1 10

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Standard: ISO 28927-2:2008 N&V reference ID: NV/09/26 Measurement file name: Tool A prescribed throttle, secondary support free running

Hand Position 1 - Support Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 RS6 10/8/09 11:00:08:623 0.19 0.28 0.14 0.36 2 1 RS7 10/8/09 11:00:23:749 0.18 0.25 0.13 0.34 3 1 RS8 10/8/09 11:00:38:249 0.19 0.26 0.13 0.35 0.35 0.011 0.032 4 1 RS9 10/8/09 11:00:54:248 0.20 0.27 0.13 0.36 5 1 RS10 10/8/09 11:01:11:624 0.19 0.28 0.13 0.36 6 2 RH6 10/8/09 11:06:12:124 0.19 0.40 0.19 0.48 7 2 RH7 10/8/09 11:06:27:248 0.20 0.40 0.18 0.49 8 2 RH8 10/8/09 11:06:42:374 0.21 0.41 0.18 0.50 0.51 0.024 0.047 9 2 RH9 10/8/09 11:06:57:748 0.21 0.43 0.20 0.52 10 2 RH10 10/8/09 11:07:12:749 0.22 0.45 0.20 0.54 11 3 GH6 10/8/09 13:36:59:624 0.17 0.35 0.14 0.42 12 3 GH7 10/8/09 13:37:16:749 0.18 0.36 0.15 0.43 13 3 GH8 10/8/09 13:37:33:124 0.18 0.33 0.15 0.41 0.41 0.010 0.024 14 3 GH9 10/8/09 13:37:49:873 0.18 0.34 0.15 0.42 15 3 GH10 10/8/09 13:38:06:873 0.19 0.33 0.15 0.41

a h (overall mean a hv) : 0.43 m/s² " R(single m/c.): 0.07 m/s²

K (single m/c.) value: 0.11 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 0.43 m/s²

Hand position 2 - Above throttle Operator Statistics

a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

0.15 0.13 0.16 0.25 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.26 0.26 0.007 0.028 0.16 0.13 0.17 0.26 0.16 0.12 0.17 0.27 0.15 0.16 0.26 0.35 0.14 0.16 0.27 0.35 0.14 0.16 0.29 0.35 0.36 0.017 0.046 0.14 0.17 0.31 0.38 0.15 0.17 0.30 0.38 0.15 0.13 0.21 0.29 0.15 0.14 0.24 0.31 0.17 0.14 0.22 0.31 0.31 0.010 0.033 0.16 0.14 0.23 0.31 0.17 0.15 0.22 0.31

a h (overall mean a hv): 0.31 m/s² " R(single m/c.): 0.05 m/s²



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Standard: ISO 28927-2:2008 N&V reference ID: NV/09/26 Measurement file name: Tool A secondary locations brake device







Hand position 2 - Side of main handle Operator Statistics


0.27 0.20 0.20 0.39 0.27 0.21 0.20 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.006 0.014 0.28 0.21 0.21 0.41 0.28 0.21 0.20 0.40 0.29 0.19 0.21 0.40 0.29 0.19 0.22 0.41 0.29 0.19 0.22 0.41 0.41 0.004 0.009 0.29 0.19 0.22 0.41 0.29 0.19 0.22 0.41 0.26 0.19 0.20 0.38 0.27 0.19 0.21 0.39 0.26 0.19 0.21 0.38 0.39 0.007 0.017 0.27 0.19 0.22 0.39 0.27 0.19 0.22 0.40




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Standard: ISO 28927-2:2008 N&V reference ID: NV/09/26 Measurement file name: Tool A secondary locations free running







Hand position 2 - Side of main handle Operator Statistics


0.21 0.12 0.14 0.28 0.22 0.12 0.15 0.29 0.24 0.12 0.16 0.31 0.30 0.014 0.046 0.24 0.12 0.15 0.31 0.24 0.12 0.16 0.31 0.32 0.14 0.12 0.37 0.35 0.14 0.13 0.41 0.32 0.14 0.14 0.37 0.37 0.026 0.070 0.27 0.15 0.15 0.34 0.27 0.15 0.17 0.35 0.37 0.14 0.11 0.41 0.21 0.12 0.12 0.27 0.20 0.12 0.13 0.27 0.32 0.065 0.202 0.24 0.12 0.13 0.30 0.33 0.14 0.12 0.37




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LocationName: Manchester City Council MachineManufacturer: ChristieTotal Torque Solutions MachineModel: C-RAD 27

Occupation: Vehicle Maintenance HSLAnonymisedToolLetter: Tool A Process: Changing wheel MachineModifications: RecordDate: MachineSize: MainID: 1200

MachineWeight(kg): ResultsID: 8478 TapeNumber: N/A MachineOperating pressure: Operator#: OP#3 MachineSpeed(impacts/min):

Removal of wheel nuts MachineSpeed(revs/min): VideoNumber: N/A MachinePower:

MachinePower source: Pneumatic MeasurementTime: Notes: NumShotsInMeas:

InsertedTool: 1" Socket DailyExposureTime: DC-shift threshold: 10 mm InsertedToolType: 1 inc Socket A(8) Front hand m/s²

InsertedToolManufacturer: 0 A(8) Rear hand

Frequency 1.6 0.328 0.686 0.237 0.323 0.342 1.924

2 0.311 0.663 0.165 0.406 0.277 1.714 2.5 0.311 0.64 0.165 0.318 0.324 1.357

3.15 0.397 0.594 0.186 0.368 0.274 1.201 4 0.389 0.546 0.231 0.348 0.273 1.223 5 0.347 0.511 0.21 0.287 0.223 0.93

6.3 0.377 0.481 0.186 0.279 0.273 0.578 8 0.4 0.452 0.18 0.239 0.233 0.606

10 0.342 0.413 0.147 0.19 0.183 0.518 12.5 0.406 0.4 0.146 0.233 0.193 0.346

16 0.383 0.377 0.173 0.197 0.224 0.375 20 0.389 0.389 0.262 0.194 0.367 0.363 25 0.487 0.484 0.289 0.291 0.428 0.502

31.5 0.561 0.506 0.31 0.431 0.439 0.569 40 0.733 0.629 0.373 0.739 0.581 0.795 50 0.998 0.671 0.464 0.913 0.602 0.838 63 1.335 0.703 0.613 1.27 0.583 0.79 80 1.282 0.755 0.795 1.271 0.734 0.805

100 1.258 0.823 1.218 1.27 1.107 0.857 125 1.553 0.978 2.319 1.339 2.072 1.07 160 1.921 1.106 2.485 1.285 2.178 1.033 200 2.363 1.282 1.845 1.19 1.623 0.841 250 3.051 1.617 1.785 1.139 1.527 0.838 315 3.417 2.74 1.7 1.024 1.39 1.366 400 3.709 3.839 1.648 0.951 1.409 2.127 500 3.775 4.22 1.878 1.54 2.096 3.029 630 5.729 5.438 2.039 5.071 2.677 5.801 800 17.54 8.968 6.014 9.989 3.142 10.61

1000 16.71 13.7 5.118 9.621 3.085 7.581 1250 9.795 17.14 4.716 6.8 3.58 6.555

ahw 1.319 1.229 0.767 0.9 0.9 1.5 av 2.0 2.0

MainID: 1200, ResultsID: 8478

y-axis z-axis Rear handFront hand

x-axis y-axis z-axis x-axis

September 24, 2009

35.75 Seconds

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Front hand: x-axis Front hand: y-axis Front hand: z-axis Rear hand: x-axis Rear hand: y-axis Rear hand: z-axis

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12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33

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Frequency 1.6 0.288 0.274 0.652 0.514 0.204 0.509

2 0.304 0.398 0.613 0.447 0.228 0.424 2.5 0.422 0.302 0.719 0.466 0.22 0.51

3.15 0.303 0.354 0.549 0.469 0.367 0.387 4 0.393 0.342 0.522 0.499 0.452 0.427 5 0.298 0.352 0.513 0.479 0.369 0.335

6.3 0.318 0.299 0.458 0.428 0.561 0.407 8 0.33 0.316 0.429 0.49 0.664 0.541

10 0.341 0.296 0.38 0.488 0.92 0.574 12.5 0.36 0.29 0.344 0.504 0.656 0.617

16 0.338 0.301 0.312 0.367 0.485 0.64 20 0.354 0.387 0.304 0.469 0.574 0.709 25 0.381 0.392 0.288 0.534 0.457 0.629

31.5 0.37 0.559 0.306 0.765 0.478 0.689 40 0.447 0.659 0.347 0.859 0.58 0.689 50 0.712 0.69 0.478 0.754 0.756 0.802 63 1.13 0.762 0.685 1.143 1.032 0.816 80 1.285 0.855 0.651 1.136 0.935 0.712

100 1.228 0.995 1.022 1.312 1.092 0.827 125 1.343 1.283 2.32 1.68 1.794 1.393 160 1.426 1.374 2.954 1.795 2.718 1.146 200 1.511 1.465 2.455 1.838 2.273 1.269 250 3.125 1.79 2.313 1.444 1.561 2.482 315 3.824 2.355 1.453 1.76 1.273 3.021 400 3.317 3.181 1.313 2.405 1.694 3.384 500 3.46 4.092 1.585 2.836 2.177 3.578 630 5.149 5.096 1.868 6.085 4.895 5.395 800 14.97 7.492 4.037 5.834 4.512 5.531

1000 15.67 14.95 4.115 5.255 3.726 4.346 1250 8.01 13.34 3.571 5.003 3.457 4.189

ahw 1.13 1.041 1.102 1.4 1.7 1.5 av 1.9 2.6




September 24, 2009

60.75 Seconds

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Frequency 1.6 0.184 0.109 0.101 0.132 0.122 0.199

2 0.186 0.124 0.102 0.129 0.125 0.24 2.5 0.175 0.138 0.161 0.135 0.197 0.203

3.15 0.219 0.178 0.19 0.147 0.229 0.208 4 0.282 0.15 0.208 0.194 0.245 0.236 5 0.243 0.141 0.16 0.193 0.18 0.23

6.3 0.234 0.14 0.156 0.189 0.162 0.229 8 0.219 0.161 0.226 0.157 0.249 0.191

10 0.259 0.178 0.244 0.17 0.285 0.24 12.5 0.306 0.19 0.201 0.223 0.239 0.267

16 0.353 0.229 0.218 0.236 0.279 0.29 20 0.366 0.228 0.23 0.26 0.274 0.302 25 0.403 0.273 0.244 0.296 0.289 0.283

31.5 0.414 0.319 0.194 0.34 0.266 0.415 40 0.338 0.382 0.222 0.323 0.282 0.411 50 0.411 0.429 0.275 0.393 0.29 0.377 63 0.415 0.445 0.349 0.389 0.328 0.387 80 0.369 0.497 0.413 0.448 0.35 0.386

100 0.518 0.546 0.543 0.461 0.446 0.415 125 0.63 0.73 0.798 0.394 0.607 0.364 160 0.99 0.973 1.143 0.407 0.866 0.469 200 0.903 1.115 1.075 0.415 0.842 0.531 250 1.229 1.202 0.896 0.41 0.767 0.577 315 1.477 1.345 0.875 0.418 0.828 0.68 400 1.608 2.078 0.934 0.425 0.873 1.047 500 1.954 2.512 1.08 0.712 0.908 1.445 630 2.529 3.033 1.254 3.146 1.032 3.053 800 6.316 4.485 2.075 3.812 1.642 4.547

1000 6.733 9.567 2.37 3.569 2.155 4.145 1250 5.144 11.71 2.668 2.572 2.518 4.313

ahw 0.819 0.633 0.589 0.6 0.7 0.7 av 1.2 1.1




September 24, 2009

73.5 Seconds

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0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 Time (s)


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Frequency 1.6 0.293 0.232 0.13 0.243 0.095 0.174

2 0.193 0.147 0.152 0.146 0.124 0.129 2.5 0.26 0.122 0.101 0.142 0.095 0.131

3.15 0.202 0.144 0.138 0.197 0.109 0.1 4 0.171 0.125 0.101 0.177 0.097 0.105 5 0.153 0.102 0.084 0.139 0.081 0.113

6.3 0.204 0.136 0.08 0.153 0.078 0.103 8 0.14 0.11 0.089 0.098 0.092 0.088

10 0.167 0.117 0.084 0.102 0.084 0.113 12.5 0.163 0.101 0.084 0.093 0.081 0.121

16 0.147 0.1 0.073 0.084 0.079 0.111 20 0.173 0.165 0.083 0.111 0.095 0.17 25 0.214 0.21 0.118 0.192 0.159 0.309

31.5 0.313 0.25 0.141 0.266 0.172 0.372 40 0.43 0.315 0.19 0.444 0.255 0.511 50 0.55 0.281 0.304 0.557 0.299 0.434 63 0.741 0.272 0.41 0.703 0.349 0.317 80 0.863 0.319 0.454 0.741 0.41 0.332

100 0.97 0.373 0.749 0.821 0.682 0.354 125 1.28 0.473 2.615 0.912 2.41 0.582 160 1.536 0.654 2.338 0.975 2.131 0.529 200 1.39 0.9 1.725 0.779 1.573 0.507 250 2.175 1.464 1.8 0.725 1.653 0.647 315 3.282 2.151 1.527 0.88 1.302 1.003 400 3.14 2.748 1.133 0.932 1.012 1.413 500 2.867 3.517 1.321 1.452 1.426 2.107 630 4.656 4.387 1.445 4.233 1.562 4.251 800 14.8 6.068 4.185 7.756 3.258 7.881

1000 20.96 11.57 4.329 9.682 3.903 6.624 1250 8.512 12.78 2.962 4.675 3.292 5.333

ahw 0.803 0.515 0.562 0.6 0.5 0.5 av 1.1 0.9




September 24, 2009

38 Seconds

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Tightening of wheel nuts MachineSpeed(revs/min): VideoNumber: N/A MachinePower:




Frequency 1.6 0.093 0.097 0.153 0.156 0.187 0.742

2 0.15 0.11 0.149 0.175 0.157 0.975 2.5 0.243 0.172 0.263 0.189 0.352 1.086

3.15 0.239 0.198 0.245 0.238 0.279 0.843 4 0.285 0.222 0.286 0.297 0.32 0.521 5 0.254 0.179 0.187 0.216 0.203 0.385

6.3 0.375 0.193 0.251 0.248 0.306 0.504 8 0.327 0.251 0.236 0.209 0.283 0.325

10 0.384 0.178 0.201 0.258 0.238 0.261 12.5 0.328 0.213 0.194 0.218 0.234 0.281

16 0.251 0.279 0.192 0.198 0.26 0.34 20 0.284 0.281 0.216 0.195 0.302 0.397 25 0.245 0.35 0.268 0.199 0.408 0.535

31.5 0.276 0.379 0.25 0.272 0.387 0.526 40 0.401 0.405 0.21 0.495 0.338 0.495 50 0.473 0.435 0.225 0.459 0.298 0.431 63 0.624 0.488 0.276 0.566 0.286 0.427 80 0.862 0.516 0.403 0.805 0.373 0.434

100 0.889 0.571 0.479 0.843 0.412 0.414 125 1.013 0.6 0.632 0.896 0.5 0.341 160 1.368 0.732 1.318 0.865 1.024 0.375 200 1.983 0.81 1.383 0.763 1.171 0.489 250 2.193 1.203 1.304 0.877 1.106 0.673 315 2.032 1.618 1.198 0.847 1.051 0.831 400 2.327 2.212 1.327 0.902 1.36 1.131 500 2.007 2.472 1.021 1.149 1.16 1.495 630 2.95 2.858 1.007 3.518 1.172 3.097 800 11.08 6.528 2.75 7.282 1.459 5.381

1000 11.09 8.13 3.18 6.469 1.686 3.031 1250 4.908 7.235 2.211 3.341 2.229 2.842

ahw 0.933 0.72 0.605 0.7 0.7 1.0 av 1.3 1.4




September 24, 2009

55.25 Seconds

Front hand

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Frequency 1.6 0.244 0.216 0.191 0.429 0.409 0.941

2 0.3 0.248 0.163 0.343 0.345 0.79 2.5 0.312 0.205 0.161 0.312 0.314 0.542

3.15 0.331 0.205 0.21 0.328 0.327 0.535 4 0.297 0.217 0.208 0.326 0.342 0.472 5 0.308 0.196 0.196 0.328 0.293 0.46

6.3 0.263 0.219 0.166 0.331 0.315 0.395 8 0.229 0.267 0.139 0.377 0.321 0.47

10 0.208 0.253 0.12 0.364 0.334 0.443 12.5 0.199 0.253 0.103 0.375 0.399 0.488

16 0.197 0.326 0.097 0.421 0.461 0.525 20 0.196 0.331 0.107 0.487 0.446 0.624 25 0.205 0.418 0.132 0.453 0.478 0.746

31.5 0.218 0.432 0.139 0.433 0.582 0.727 40 0.246 0.477 0.158 0.434 0.605 0.685 50 0.34 0.552 0.203 0.485 0.693 0.648 63 0.46 0.609 0.253 0.486 0.701 0.621 80 0.555 0.73 0.31 0.579 0.738 0.748

100 0.643 0.809 0.411 0.633 0.861 0.789 125 0.848 0.826 0.64 0.875 0.997 0.87 160 1.285 0.877 1.034 1.008 1.081 1.386 200 1.238 0.931 1.237 0.908 0.805 0.9 250 1.279 0.958 1.151 0.815 0.772 0.759 315 1.76 1.125 1.215 0.871 0.952 0.828 400 1.678 1.669 1.029 0.993 0.89 0.822 500 1.088 1.586 0.674 1.03 0.889 1.111 630 1.901 2.219 0.753 1.648 1.852 1.645 800 7.569 5.021 2.336 2.612 3.379 2.923

1000 8.735 5.962 2.497 1.673 2.388 1.65 1250 4.162 5.602 1.757 1.194 1.051 1.129

ahw 0.665 0.829 0.404 1.0 1.1 1.4 av 1.1 2.0




September 24, 2009

71 Seconds

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Frequency 1.6 0.14 0.084 0.174 0.109 0.137 0.255

2 0.189 0.142 0.169 0.124 0.18 0.268 2.5 0.179 0.126 0.173 0.142 0.175 0.335

3.15 0.16 0.095 0.15 0.134 0.136 0.239 4 0.16 0.106 0.173 0.114 0.143 0.186 5 0.149 0.091 0.141 0.116 0.109 0.156

6.3 0.114 0.079 0.115 0.084 0.077 0.123 8 0.102 0.066 0.105 0.075 0.081 0.109

10 0.091 0.064 0.092 0.069 0.063 0.096 12.5 0.101 0.067 0.082 0.068 0.063 0.088

16 0.099 0.076 0.075 0.069 0.057 0.09 20 0.106 0.097 0.077 0.079 0.07 0.114 25 0.11 0.13 0.082 0.103 0.091 0.164

31.5 0.127 0.156 0.083 0.125 0.112 0.208 40 0.173 0.155 0.11 0.177 0.117 0.196 50 0.28 0.194 0.186 0.252 0.185 0.255 63 0.325 0.192 0.145 0.305 0.155 0.222 80 0.439 0.243 0.226 0.369 0.214 0.239

100 0.464 0.341 0.375 0.376 0.342 0.281 125 0.474 0.299 0.352 0.371 0.299 0.213 160 0.809 0.383 0.566 0.394 0.48 0.251 200 0.909 0.535 0.755 0.363 0.666 0.315 250 1.141 0.697 1.015 0.455 0.904 0.36 315 1.388 0.911 0.919 0.427 0.819 0.431 400 1.371 1.363 0.711 0.589 0.727 0.667 500 1.151 1.529 0.745 0.841 0.735 1.025 630 1.826 2.133 0.813 1.987 0.755 2.31 800 6.445 7.716 2.405 4.472 1.847 5.733

1000 8.067 7.124 2.298 4.537 1.997 3.019 1250 5.095 8.532 2.16 2.788 2.588 3.563

ahw 0.403 0.335 0.296 0.3 0.3 0.4 av 0.6 0.5




September 24, 2009

224.75 Seconds

Front hand

0.1

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x-axis

y-axis z-axis

Rear hand

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/

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0 22 44 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220 Time (s)


Acc

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n (m

/s²)

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s²)

Acc

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26


Standard: N&V reference ID:

ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 NV/09/27

Measurement file name: Tool B prescribed locations brake device

Hand Position 1 - Support-prescribed Hand position 2 - Throttle-prescribed Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 sh6 9/11/09 14:16:33:748 0.15 0.10 0.07 0.20 0.73 0.26 0.35 0.85 2 1 sh7 9/11/09 14:16:47:124 0.16 0.11 0.07 0.21 0.71 0.20 0.28 0.79 3 1 sh8 9/11/09 14:17:01:123 0.16 0.12 0.07 0.22 0.20 0.008 0.041 0.62 0.26 0.34 0.76 0.75 0.083 0.112 4 1 sh9 9/11/09 14:17:14:749 0.14 0.12 0.07 0.20 0.56 0.25 0.34 0.70 5 1 sh10 9/11/09 14:17:30:624 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.20 0.41 0.28 0.39 0.64 6 2 rh1 9/11/09 14:27:50:873 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.21 0.52 0.20 0.25 0.61 7 2 rh2 9/11/09 14:28:04:498 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.21 0.55 0.17 0.22 0.61 8 2 rh3 9/11/09 14:28:17:124 0.14 0.12 0.06 0.19 0.19 0.021 0.109 0.47 0.16 0.18 0.53 0.54 0.073 0.135 9 2 rh4 9/11/09 14:28:29:124 0.13 0.10 0.06 0.18 0.42 0.16 0.18 0.48 10 2 rh5 9/11/09 14:28:43:123 0.14 0.07 0.05 0.17 0.39 0.16 0.17 0.45 11 3 gh1 9/11/09 14:58:44:748 0.23 0.09 0.07 0.25 0.58 0.16 0.18 0.63 12 3 gh2 9/11/09 14:59:01:373 0.16 0.09 0.07 0.19 0.58 0.17 0.21 0.64 13 3 gh3 9/11/09 14:59:17:123 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.18 0.20 0.028 0.137 0.57 0.22 0.29 0.67 0.62 0.037 0.059 14 3 gh4 9/11/09 14:59:38:249 0.15 0.11 0.06 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.26 0.59 15 3 gh5 9/11/09 14:59:54:249 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.20 0.50 0.18 0.23 0.58




Subject 1 Hand 1

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27


Standard: ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 N&V reference ID: NV/09/27 Measurement file name: Tool B prescribed throttle only brake device

Hand position 2 - Throttle - above





1 1 sh1 3/9/09 14:39:52:124 0.71 0.24 0.25 0.79

0.84 0.034 0.041 2 1 sh2 3/9/09 14:40:06:499 0.81 0.25 0.22 0.88 3 1 sh3 3/9/09 14:40:19:874 0.77 0.20 0.20 0.82 4 1 sh4 3/9/09 14:40:32:374 0.78 0.22 0.24 0.84 5 1 sh5 3/9/09 14:40:45:498 0.80 0.22 0.24 0.86 6 2 rh1 3/9/09 14:47:38:874 0.62 0.22 0.28 0.72

0.62 0.062 0.101 7 2 rh2 3/9/09 14:47:50:623 0.52 0.15 0.17 0.57 8 2 rh3 3/9/09 14:48:02:624 0.55 0.18 0.18 0.61 9 2 rh4 3/9/09 14:48:13:999 0.52 0.15 0.17 0.57 10 2 rh5 3/9/09 14:48:27:248 0.57 0.17 0.21 0.63 11 3 gh01 3/9/09 14:58:36:499 0.61 0.22 0.20 0.68

0.73 0.050 0.069 12 3 gh02 3/9/09 14:58:48:749 0.62 0.18 0.18 0.67 13 3 gh03 3/9/09 14:59:02:998 0.66 0.22 0.25 0.74 14 3 gh04 3/9/09 14:59:02:998 0.66 0.22 0.25 0.74 15 3 gh05 3/9/09 14:59:16:499 0.71 0.23 0.27 0.80

a h (overall mean a hv) : m/s² a h (overall mean a hv): 0.73 m/s² " R(single m/c.): m/s² " R(single m/c.): 0.11 m/s²

K (single m/c.) value: m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 0.19 m/s²


Subject 1 Hand 1

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Subject 1 Hand 2 Subject 2 Hand 2 Subject 3 Hand 2

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28

0.01 0.1

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1

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1


Standard: ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 N&V reference ID: NV/09/27 Measurement file name: Tool B prescribed locations free running

Hand Position 1 - Support-prescribed Hand position 2 - Throttle-prescribed





1 1 sh11 9/11/09 14:23:15:999 0.15 0.10 0.09 0.20

0.20 0.003 0.013

0.31 0.28 0.31 0.52

0.53 0.015 0.028 2 1 sh12 9/11/09 14:23:30:124 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.20 0.31 0.30 0.32 0.54 3 1 sh13 9/11/09 14:23:44:624 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.20 0.33 0.28 0.31 0.53 4 1 sh14 9/11/09 14:23:59:124 0.11 0.14 0.09 0.20 0.32 0.28 0.32 0.53 5 1 sh15 9/11/09 14:24:13:998 0.09 0.16 0.09 0.20 0.34 0.29 0.34 0.56 6 2 rh6 9/11/09 14:31:37:873 0.12 0.14 0.09 0.21

0.21 0.002 0.009

0.29 0.25 0.28 0.47

0.50 0.024 0.048 7 2 rh7 9/11/09 14:31:50:249 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.21 0.28 0.25 0.29 0.47 8 2 rh8 9/11/09 14:32:02:248 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.21 0.29 0.24 0.32 0.49 9 2 rh9 9/11/09 14:32:17:124 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.21 0.31 0.25 0.33 0.51 10 2 rh10 9/11/09 14:32:30:498 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.21 0.33 0.25 0.33 0.52 11 3 gh6 9/11/09 15:02:36:874 0.12 0.16 0.10 0.22

0.22 0.006 0.027

0.31 0.29 0.33 0.54

0.55 0.030 0.054 12 3 gh7 9/11/09 15:02:51:998 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.21 0.31 0.28 0.30 0.52 13 3 gh8 9/11/09 15:03:05:749 0.12 0.16 0.11 0.22 0.33 0.29 0.33 0.55 14 3 gh9 9/11/09 15:03:18:374 0.12 0.15 0.10 0.22 0.33 0.29 0.34 0.55 15 3 gh10 9/11/09 15:03:31:748 0.12 0.15 0.10 0.22 0.38 0.30 0.35 0.60




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Subject 1 Hand 2 Subject 2 Hand 2 Subject 3 Hand 2


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29

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Standard: ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 N&V reference ID: NV/09/27 Measurement file name: Tool B prescribed throttle only free running

Meas. Meas. TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz

1 1 sh6 3/9/09 14:42:40:874 2 1 sh7 3/9/09 14:44:03:874 3 1 sh8 3/9/09 14:44:16:499 4 1 sh9 3/9/09 14:44:28:748 5 1 sh10 3/9/09 14:44:41:248 6 2 rh6 3/9/09 14:49:47:373 7 2 rh7 3/9/09 14:49:58:624 8 2 rh8 3/9/09 14:50:11:624 9 2 rh9 3/9/09 14:50:23:373 10 2 rh10 3/9/09 14:50:34:498 11 3 gh06 3/9/09 15:02:27:998 12 3 gh07 3/9/09 15:02:39:999 13 3 gh08 3/9/09 15:02:51:873 14 3 gh09 3/9/09 15:03:03:499 15 3 gh10 3/9/09 15:03:14:999

a h (overall mean a hv) : " R(single m/c.):

K (single m/c.) value:

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):

a hv

Operator Statistics Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

m/s² m/s² m/s²

0.45 m/s²

Hand position 2 - Throttle - above Operator Statistics


0.29 0.25 0.24 0.46 0.29 0.26 0.22 0.45 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.46 0.46 0.007 0.016 0.29 0.25 0.23 0.45 0.30 0.27 0.23 0.46 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.44 0.28 0.25 0.22 0.43 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.42 0.43 0.009 0.022 0.27 0.24 0.21 0.42 0.28 0.25 0.22 0.43 0.31 0.25 0.22 0.45 0.32 0.24 0.22 0.46 0.30 0.24 0.23 0.45 0.46 0.006 0.013 0.30 0.25 0.23 0.46 0.31 0.24 0.24 0.46




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Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.plsSprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008

Hand Position 1 - Support - motor housing Hand position 2 - Throttle - sideMeas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 sh1 3/9/09 11:36:00:374 0.47 0.19 0.43 0.66 0.23 0.23 0.36 0.482 1 sh2 3/9/09 11:36:15:999 0.45 0.14 0.36 0.59 0.21 0.22 0.39 0.503 1 sh3 3/9/09 11:36:29:874 0.45 0.12 0.40 0.62 0.62 0.034 0.054 0.22 0.24 0.38 0.50 0.50 0.017 0.0344 1 sh4 3/9/09 11:36:43:374 0.42 0.17 0.39 0.60 0.25 0.32 0.34 0.535 1 sh5 3/9/09 11:36:56:748 0.42 0.14 0.48 0.66 0.24 0.30 0.30 0.496 2 rh11 3/9/09 11:55:37:999 0.28 0.09 0.29 0.42 0.16 0.17 0.26 0.357 2 rh12 3/9/09 11:55:49:624 0.35 0.10 0.31 0.47 0.20 0.24 0.30 0.438 2 rh13 3/9/09 11:56:00:998 0.25 0.10 0.29 0.40 0.43 0.029 0.068 0.16 0.19 0.26 0.37 0.37 0.032 0.0859 2 rh14 3/9/09 11:56:13:499 0.32 0.10 0.25 0.42 0.16 0.19 0.26 0.3510 2 rh15 3/9/09 11:56:27:624 0.28 0.11 0.32 0.44 0.17 0.22 0.25 0.3711 3 gh1 3/9/09 13:49:24:124 0.38 0.13 0.18 0.44 0.16 0.16 0.43 0.4812 3 gh2 3/9/09 13:49:37:873 0.37 0.15 0.19 0.44 0.16 0.16 0.42 0.4713 3 gh3 3/9/09 13:49:51:374 0.47 0.17 0.23 0.55 0.51 0.067 0.131 0.22 0.21 0.53 0.61 0.55 0.064 0.11714 3 gh4 3/9/09 13:50:05:499 0.48 0.18 0.23 0.56 0.23 0.22 0.52 0.6015 3 gh5 3/9/09 13:50:19:373 0.45 0.19 0.27 0.56 0.22 0.21 0.46 0.55

a h (overall mean a hv) : 0.52 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv): 0.47 m/s²" R(single m/c.): 0.10 m/s² " R(single m/c.): 0.09 m/s²



Standard: N&V reference ID: Measurement file name:

ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008NV/09/27Tool B secondary locations brake test

Subject 1 Hand 1

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Standard: ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 N&V reference ID: NV/09/27 Measurement file name: Tool B secondary locations free running

Hand Position 1 - Support - motor housing Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics


1 1 sh6 3/9/09 11:38:02:123 0.69 0.19 1.31 1.49 2 1 sh7 3/9/09 11:38:16:248 0.68 0.18 1.19 1.38 3 1 sh8 3/9/09 11:38:28:998 0.72 0.18 1.31 1.50 1.55 0.149 0.097 4 1 sh9 3/9/09 11:38:41:873 0.81 0.21 1.33 1.57 5 1 sh10 3/9/09 11:39:17:998 0.94 0.25 1.50 1.78 6 2 rh6 3/9/09 11:45:00:248 0.80 0.21 1.28 1.52 7 2 rh7 3/9/09 11:45:12:873 0.84 0.22 1.42 1.67 8 2 rh8 3/9/09 11:45:24:874 0.82 0.22 1.47 1.70 1.64 0.069 0.042 9 2 rh9 3/9/09 11:45:36:499 0.87 0.23 1.35 1.62 10 2 rh10 3/9/09 11:45:47:998 0.85 0.25 1.43 1.68 11 3 gh6 3/9/09 13:52:20:498 0.72 0.91 1.25 1.71 12 3 gh7 3/9/09 13:52:33:123 0.72 0.95 1.27 1.74 13 3 gh8 3/9/09 13:52:45:998 0.78 0.99 1.45 1.92 1.88 0.152 0.081 14 3 gh9 3/9/09 13:52:58:248 0.89 1.02 1.48 2.01 15 3 gh10 3/9/09 13:53:12:124 0.87 1.10 1.49 2.04




Hand position 2 - Throttle - side Operator Statistics


0.22 0.26 0.33 0.47 0.25 0.29 0.36 0.53 0.25 0.32 0.38 0.56 0.54 0.044 0.081 0.26 0.30 0.41 0.57 0.27 0.34 0.37 0.57 0.24 0.32 0.33 0.51 0.25 0.31 0.35 0.53 0.27 0.31 0.37 0.56 0.54 0.019 0.036 0.26 0.31 0.38 0.56 0.25 0.33 0.36 0.54 0.21 0.26 0.27 0.42 0.21 0.30 0.25 0.44 0.23 0.31 0.29 0.48 0.48 0.042 0.089 0.24 0.35 0.30 0.52 0.23 0.34 0.31 0.51




Subject 1 Hand 1

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32

0

0000000

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0.00

LocationName: Manchester City Council MachineManufacturer: Norbar MachineModel:

Occupation: Vehicle Maintenance HSLAnonymisedToolLetter: Tool B Process: Changing wheel MachineModifications: RecordDate: MachineSize: MainID: 1202






Frequency 1.6 0.314 0.135 0.151 0.297 0.32 0.768

2 0.436 0.2 0.281 0.379 0.504 0.708 2.5 0.444 0.25 0.36 0.441 0.609 0.652

3.15 0.437 0.262 0.299 0.362 0.53 0.654 4 0.536 0.189 0.385 0.477 0.493 0.494 5 0.461 0.261 0.409 0.368 0.541 0.589

6.3 0.485 0.199 0.498 0.405 0.506 0.507 8 0.54 0.225 0.39 0.404 0.458 0.383

10 0.453 0.19 0.399 0.383 0.408 0.368 12.5 0.51 0.244 0.316 0.395 0.332 0.338

16 0.508 0.241 0.325 0.344 0.347 0.344 20 0.547 0.273 0.352 0.339 0.37 0.4 25 0.533 0.332 0.31 0.311 0.338 0.373

31.5 0.534 0.362 0.286 0.285 0.317 0.361 40 0.54 0.406 0.282 0.279 0.316 0.378 50 0.482 0.497 0.236 0.276 0.33 0.394 63 0.555 0.603 0.254 0.29 0.349 0.42 80 0.567 0.631 0.287 0.31 0.382 0.41

100 0.619 0.57 0.279 0.344 0.351 0.418 125 0.638 0.527 0.361 0.377 0.388 0.405 160 0.564 0.593 0.498 0.382 0.471 0.382 200 0.573 0.607 0.522 0.372 0.474 0.387 250 0.516 0.515 0.403 0.385 0.401 0.335 315 0.524 0.53 0.393 0.447 0.377 0.345 400 0.616 0.579 0.44 0.531 0.419 0.464 500 0.749 0.879 0.492 0.623 0.507 0.717 630 1.603 1.374 0.761 1.181 0.772 0.993 800 2.292 2.34 1.257 1.839 0.771 1.367

1000 3.936 3.495 1.999 2.419 0.961 1.168 1250 6.15 3.91 2.107 3.882 2.598 1.85

ahw 1.273 0.689 0.908 0.9 1.0 1.0 av 1.7 1.7




September 24, 2009

47.25 Seconds

Front hand

0.1

1

10

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Frequency (Hz)

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0 0.5

1 1.5

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3 3.5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Time (s)


Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

s²)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

33

0

0000000

00

0.00








Frequency 1.6 0.282 0.088 0.163 0.315 0.415 1.603

2 0.347 0.127 0.232 0.485 0.497 2.198 2.5 0.45 0.196 0.293 0.876 0.577 3.374

3.15 0.517 0.232 0.319 0.771 0.392 2.474 4 0.462 0.268 0.285 0.51 0.311 1.404 5 0.476 0.301 0.282 0.49 0.289 1.145

6.3 0.605 0.248 0.274 0.564 0.325 0.767 8 0.84 0.244 0.381 0.544 0.373 0.497

10 0.623 0.243 0.319 0.452 0.344 0.476 12.5 0.741 0.241 0.329 0.487 0.33 0.416

16 0.641 0.269 0.323 0.452 0.338 0.418 20 0.687 0.253 0.288 0.457 0.301 0.365 25 0.749 0.38 0.292 0.436 0.333 0.369

31.5 0.718 0.359 0.291 0.424 0.324 0.443 40 0.547 0.469 0.229 0.366 0.312 0.486 50 0.485 0.527 0.247 0.353 0.341 0.455 63 0.42 0.62 0.254 0.298 0.35 0.461 80 0.364 0.699 0.27 0.283 0.385 0.462

100 0.368 0.766 0.238 0.264 0.377 0.458 125 0.329 0.73 0.295 0.278 0.385 0.424 160 0.341 0.661 0.382 0.28 0.408 0.415 200 0.435 0.608 0.369 0.313 0.385 0.403 250 0.447 0.552 0.345 0.348 0.338 0.39 315 0.443 0.576 0.352 0.385 0.334 0.413 400 0.526 0.766 0.342 0.547 0.408 0.515 500 0.719 0.991 0.392 0.709 0.495 0.68 630 1.153 1.567 0.529 1.037 0.697 0.973 800 1.748 2.459 1.022 1.877 0.782 1.269

1000 3.37 3.151 1.59 2.288 0.971 1.394 1250 5.738 3.505 1.779 3.421 1.881 1.922

ahw 1.675 0.755 0.78 1.2 0.8 1.6 av 2.0 2.2




September 24, 2009

45.75 Seconds

Front hand

0.1

1

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0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 Time (s)


Acc

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atio

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/s²)

Acc

eler

atio

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Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

34

0

0000000

00

0.00








Frequency 1.6 0.277 0.183 0.264 0.196 0.185 0.682

2 0.451 0.224 0.321 0.28 0.353 0.472 2.5 0.393 0.257 0.314 0.302 0.324 0.387

3.15 0.411 0.262 0.272 0.267 0.356 0.436 4 0.575 0.315 0.5 0.477 0.473 0.388 5 0.563 0.258 0.534 0.413 0.515 0.427

6.3 0.567 0.263 0.265 0.4 0.271 0.402 8 0.493 0.253 0.249 0.316 0.266 0.328

10 0.547 0.231 0.295 0.302 0.289 0.363 12.5 0.497 0.265 0.315 0.32 0.311 0.38

16 0.57 0.265 0.264 0.237 0.261 0.304 20 0.575 0.34 0.31 0.27 0.315 0.326 25 0.504 0.361 0.22 0.247 0.26 0.324

31.5 0.611 0.454 0.221 0.301 0.277 0.354 40 0.559 0.463 0.244 0.298 0.285 0.402 50 0.544 0.545 0.316 0.333 0.366 0.471 63 0.598 0.582 0.383 0.403 0.429 0.48 80 0.542 0.673 0.311 0.369 0.413 0.499

100 0.527 0.673 0.291 0.367 0.399 0.478 125 0.552 0.713 0.32 0.411 0.4 0.413 160 0.574 0.723 0.484 0.375 0.458 0.398 200 0.577 0.683 0.595 0.379 0.548 0.406 250 0.58 0.758 0.467 0.379 0.522 0.451 315 0.584 0.699 0.405 0.479 0.466 0.519 400 0.582 0.766 0.339 0.488 0.402 0.478 500 0.607 0.89 0.324 0.41 0.391 0.588 630 1.006 1.339 0.433 0.642 0.534 0.839 800 1.999 2.359 1.156 1.808 0.765 1.197

1000 4.171 3.13 1.734 2.346 0.853 1.305 1250 6.731 3.591 1.751 4.382 1.442 1.288

ahw 1.352 0.789 0.759 0.8 0.8 0.9 av 1.7 1.4




September 24, 2009

43.75 Seconds

Front hand

0.1

1

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Frequency (Hz)

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0 0.5

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3 3.5

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 Time (s)


Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

s²)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

35

0

0000000

00

0.00








Frequency 1.6 0.17 0.2 0.967 0.369 0.226 1.271

2 0.243 0.197 0.974 0.353 0.273 1.019 2.5 0.417 0.204 0.889 0.476 0.293 1.044

3.15 0.548 0.198 0.894 0.783 0.367 1.228 4 0.619 0.234 0.903 0.871 0.597 1.382 5 0.627 0.242 0.923 0.745 0.634 1.264

6.3 0.538 0.284 0.738 0.54 0.39 0.808 8 0.769 0.319 0.733 0.656 0.454 0.629

10 0.685 0.356 0.721 0.467 0.434 0.481 12.5 0.673 0.303 0.648 0.525 0.413 0.475

16 0.627 0.37 0.596 0.453 0.41 0.481 20 0.778 0.392 0.636 0.468 0.516 0.723 25 0.844 0.54 0.684 0.53 0.604 0.708

31.5 1.069 0.59 0.683 0.649 0.574 0.912 40 0.893 0.581 0.567 0.575 0.493 0.765 50 0.981 0.684 0.558 0.611 0.519 0.821 63 0.808 0.811 0.597 0.507 0.608 0.802 80 0.863 0.908 0.483 0.564 0.538 0.849

100 0.943 0.962 0.529 0.634 0.553 0.962 125 1.032 1.03 0.721 0.631 0.631 1.068 160 1.052 1.149 0.995 0.641 0.842 0.991 200 1.01 1.332 1.147 0.822 0.945 0.882 250 1.126 1.491 1.2 0.625 0.971 0.983 315 1.273 1.877 1.175 0.978 1.058 1.419 400 1.531 2.533 1.262 1.428 1.084 2.445 500 2.161 3.091 1.39 1.364 1.06 2.639 630 3.258 5.073 1.92 1.401 1.555 3.069 800 4.311 6.023 2.013 1.743 1.905 3.381

1000 4.408 4.704 2.469 2.951 2.084 2.43 1250 5.345 4.428 2.389 5.666 2.933 2.92

ahw 1.825 1.043 1.741 1.4 1.2 1.8 av 2.7 2.6




September 24, 2009

34.25 Seconds

Front hand

0.1

1

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 3 6 9 Time (s)


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Acc

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atio

n (m

s²)

12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

36

0

0000000

00

0.00








Frequency 1.6 0.295 0.151 0.155 0.248 0.315 1.424

2 0.366 0.164 0.18 0.271 0.404 1.669 2.5 0.347 0.244 0.256 0.421 0.559 1.923

3.15 0.413 0.266 0.309 0.355 0.541 1.57 4 0.39 0.284 0.361 0.293 0.398 1.009 5 0.448 0.254 0.35 0.393 0.441 0.791

6.3 0.479 0.224 0.233 0.338 0.303 0.57 8 0.503 0.292 0.241 0.4 0.328 0.61

10 0.503 0.272 0.238 0.344 0.287 0.483 12.5 0.474 0.314 0.265 0.362 0.285 0.43

16 0.578 0.382 0.282 0.379 0.33 0.403 20 0.561 0.347 0.339 0.408 0.361 0.476 25 0.754 0.452 0.301 0.357 0.338 0.528

31.5 0.615 0.502 0.216 0.32 0.292 0.527 40 0.578 0.575 0.297 0.369 0.373 0.585 50 0.574 0.632 0.315 0.404 0.392 0.667 63 0.594 0.717 0.441 0.424 0.534 0.749 80 0.498 0.824 0.351 0.352 0.506 0.734

100 0.506 0.792 0.324 0.33 0.463 0.645 125 0.4 0.715 0.304 0.29 0.404 0.585 160 0.394 0.713 0.377 0.277 0.419 0.533 200 0.427 0.688 0.498 0.276 0.48 0.514 250 0.476 0.669 0.438 0.259 0.429 0.455 315 0.571 0.668 0.409 0.419 0.4 0.516 400 0.736 0.756 0.483 0.678 0.486 0.762 500 0.696 0.925 0.449 0.801 0.486 0.904 630 1.407 1.426 0.656 1.66 0.685 1.136 800 2.517 2.728 1.124 1.872 0.934 1.859

1000 3.72 4.357 2.124 2.123 1.2 1.642 1250 5.651 3.995 2.351 3.803 2.022 1.64

ahw 1.339 0.913 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.4 av 1.8 1.9




September 24, 2009

42.25 Seconds

Front hand

0.1

1

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0 4 8 Time (s)


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n (m

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Acc

eler

atio

n (m

s²)

12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

37

0

0000000

00

0.00








Frequency 1.6 0.082 0.076 0.07 0.252 0.302 0.349

2 0.091 0.089 0.107 0.207 0.213 0.414 2.5 0.135 0.086 0.135 0.135 0.218 0.404

3.15 0.188 0.112 0.241 0.203 0.262 0.408 4 0.329 0.13 0.307 0.28 0.311 0.528 5 0.436 0.144 0.516 0.417 0.483 0.551

6.3 0.634 0.134 0.497 0.544 0.456 0.472 8 0.68 0.13 0.307 0.457 0.307 0.301

10 0.552 0.164 0.35 0.46 0.332 0.344 12.5 0.457 0.175 0.513 0.461 0.487 0.386

16 0.727 0.257 0.432 0.497 0.4 0.416 20 1.077 0.18 0.36 0.589 0.335 0.344 25 1.111 0.251 0.482 0.638 0.468 0.468

31.5 0.945 0.311 0.468 0.531 0.439 0.553 40 0.616 0.312 0.272 0.333 0.282 0.346 50 0.619 0.286 0.242 0.343 0.228 0.34 63 0.443 0.268 0.198 0.285 0.205 0.406 80 0.43 0.281 0.204 0.274 0.198 0.441

100 0.354 0.306 0.247 0.229 0.228 0.368 125 0.449 0.25 0.256 0.29 0.226 0.245 160 0.422 0.27 0.235 0.263 0.206 0.291 200 0.453 0.283 0.219 0.251 0.195 0.21 250 0.344 0.303 0.194 0.228 0.16 0.225 315 0.419 0.352 0.224 0.3 0.21 0.189 400 0.918 0.633 0.431 0.84 0.474 0.333 500 0.613 0.415 0.301 0.648 0.273 0.311 630 1.008 0.727 0.461 1.045 0.433 0.637 800 1.692 1.64 0.62 1.38 0.485 1.081

1000 2.225 2.331 0.752 2.043 0.792 1.553 1250 2.722 1.554 1.235 2.363 1.321 1.136

ahw 1.772 0.501 1.031 1.2 1.0 1.0 av 2.1 1.9




September 24, 2009

12.5 Seconds

Front hand

0.1

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Time (s)


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Acc

eler

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n (m

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10 11 12

Acc

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n (m

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38

0

0000000

00

0.00








Frequency 1.6 0.16 0.106 0.211 0.241 0.269 0.383

2 0.197 0.143 0.182 0.198 0.222 0.279 2.5 0.258 0.143 0.161 0.277 0.189 0.308

3.15 0.271 0.141 0.245 0.263 0.255 0.283 4 0.308 0.178 0.329 0.251 0.293 0.323 5 0.333 0.154 0.27 0.276 0.307 0.229

6.3 0.391 0.143 0.294 0.24 0.288 0.283 8 0.373 0.162 0.265 0.242 0.266 0.25

10 0.356 0.167 0.292 0.272 0.289 0.25 12.5 0.354 0.17 0.306 0.296 0.293 0.27

16 0.507 0.188 0.226 0.309 0.221 0.275 20 0.456 0.232 0.322 0.294 0.312 0.3 25 0.595 0.279 0.4 0.287 0.391 0.367

31.5 0.442 0.357 0.279 0.243 0.292 0.313 40 0.365 0.476 0.262 0.212 0.316 0.329 50 0.375 0.527 0.273 0.243 0.343 0.365 63 0.329 0.577 0.24 0.27 0.332 0.385 80 0.287 0.573 0.211 0.247 0.314 0.337

100 0.378 0.606 0.237 0.292 0.353 0.384 125 0.352 0.597 0.315 0.282 0.406 0.439 160 0.359 0.569 0.4 0.282 0.44 0.424 200 0.31 0.55 0.321 0.211 0.35 0.421 250 0.316 0.512 0.305 0.212 0.332 0.366 315 0.373 0.501 0.258 0.279 0.29 0.332 400 0.48 0.542 0.255 0.533 0.256 0.377 500 0.632 0.592 0.34 0.713 0.368 0.618 630 1.255 1.115 0.685 1.436 0.813 1.286 800 1.666 2.195 0.992 1.855 1.142 1.567

1000 2.814 3.48 1.573 2.192 1.096 1.405 1250 5.017 2.808 1.794 3.129 1.902 2.06

ahw 1.032 0.596 0.727 0.7 0.7 0.7 av 1.4 1.2




September 24, 2009

29.25 Seconds

Front hand

0.1

1

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Frequency (Hz)

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0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 Time (s)


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39

Published by the Health and Safety Executive 04/10



It was brought to HSE’s attention that torque multipliers were being used instead of impact wrenches in some instances in the workplace. Given that torque multipliers are purely rotary machines, the vibration level is likely to be much lower than that on an impact wrench. HSL had not previously measured the vibration magnitudes associated with the use of torque multipliers and so were asked by HSE to see whether they are a practicable alternative to impact wrenches and to investigate the differences in vibration exposure associated with their use.


The number of vibration exposure points incurred from use of a torque multiplier when processing 100 nuts is approximately ten times lower than would be incurred with an impact wrench, however it would take three times longer.

A torque multiplier may be the preferred choice of tool if an operator is subject to vibration exposure from using other machines, as very few vibration exposure points will be incurred from its use.

This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.

RR794

www.hse.gov.uk

rr794 - vibration measurements on torque multipliers1.1 outline of work it was brought to hse’s...

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