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8/3/2019 Rsr Illumination

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Building Systems and TheirMonitoring Needs

Lighting,

temperature,

sound, air

quality

Electricity,

gas, water,weather

Occupancy,

comfort,

productivity

Building

Energy People

Current situation:

Insufficient number

of environmental

sensors (1/1000sf)

Ineffective placementof sensors (limited by

wires)

Monthly lump-sum

electricity/gas bills

Occupants have little

information, insight, or

influence over their

building environment


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The difference between Motion & Occupancy Sensors

Motion Sensors respond to Walking or Standing Movements. Occupancy sensors can detect fine movements in a sitdown position. Motions rendered by people talking on phone, mouse clicks, laptop work can be sensed by a true

occupancy sensor but not by an ordinary motion sensor

Motion sensing is normally used in toilets, corridors, parking areas, basements and other applications where themovement is always in an upright standing or walking condition. Occupancy sensors are always used for Office cabins,laboratories, libraries, design studios where the occupant is normally seated and the level of motion is severelyrestricted.

Motion sensors should normally be 50% cheaper than a True and Genuine Occupancy Sensors.

In a True occupancy sensor, the movement pattern schematic should specifically state finer movement areas andlarger movement areas. Whereas the schematic pertaining to a motion sensor will only show a single movement area.

A motion sensor uses either PIR or High Frequency Technology where as a TRUE occupancy sensor will always usethe PIR Technology only. Mischievously some suppliers offer a combination of both PIR and HF in a single module andqualify it as a OCCUPANCY SENSOR.

For a P

IRbased motion sensor the module should contain anywhere between 1 to 3 pyro detectors whereas a TrueOccupancy Sensor will always contain 3 or more pyro detectors.

A Motion sensor monitors the Lux level only once at the time of initial sensing but a TRUE occupancy sensor regularlymonitors the ambient lux levels and turns on or off the lighting loads based on the prevailing levels.


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Occupancymodel

Motion

sensor

Sound

sensor

Door

sensor

Human

schedule

Zone

temperature

sensor

Solar

radiation

sensor

Anemometer

Individual

recognize

sensor

Physiology

sensor

HVAC

condition

Pressure

aroundbuilding

CO2sensor

Fuel/electric

price

Plug power

measurement

Daylight

illumination

Survey of

occupant

reaction

Individual

comfort

model

Building

thermal

model

Lighting

model

Window

status

sensor

Structure

temperature

sensor

Plug load

model

Decisions

Message to

occupants

Adjust

position

Start

on/off

Control

devices

Provide

information

Setpoint

reset

Suggest

action

Total power consumption

model

Human productivity model

Shut down

HVAC

system

model

Zone light

sensor

Weather

condition

Weather

condition

Shading

Window

Blinds

AC

Vent

Refriger

Computer

Office

device

Lights

Sensing and Actuation

Opportunities


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Sensing, intelligence,actuation:

Detect ambientconditions, solar

radiation, wind

pressure, natural light,

perspiration,occupancy,

Trade-off energy,

thermal comfort, and

visual need,

Perspective in a Perimeter

Zone

Light ballast

VAV actuator

Reflectivevaneactuator

Occupancy

sensor

Desk climate sensor

Windowswitch

Climatesensor

Base station

BACnet

Comfort stat


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Prototype wireless

lighting control systemMotivation Lighting accounts for ~50% of commercial

building electricity consumption

Switching is often inadequate and inflexibleand results in significant energy waste

One switch may control the lights for many

occupants Switches are often not conveniently located

Ownership of switches is unclear

Switching often does not work well with daylight

patterns


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Objective

Develop a lighting control system thatis:

Highly flexible

Wireless

Cost effective

There are many wireless systems indevelopment and in the marketplace.Whats different about our approach?

Does not require special ballasts

Will work for new or retrofit applications

Is easily reprogrammed by the user

Will have a low installation cost perswitch/fixture ($20 target)


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System Overview

Wireless controller

Desktop, mobile,or wall mountedswitch

Light sensor


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System components

BallastWireless switch

to lamps

Powersupply

Radio motes

Wireless controller

Light sensorMotion sensor


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Control flexibility

Switches can be operated by eithera local switch or through a centralcontrol system


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Lighting Groups

Perimeter Daylight Group


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Lighting Groups

Emergency Group


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Lighting Groups

Jethros Workspace


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Lighting Groups

Madonnas Workspace


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Schematic For Occupancy Sensor

Area in RED Sensor picks up only walking motionArea in Yellow Sensor picks up motion in seated position


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DALI Sensors for dimming and scene control

Analogue Sensors for dimming control

Acoustic Sensors for cabins, labs, Class Rooms

Dual Channel Sensors for simultaneous HVAC and Lighting control

Wall Switches [single gang design] for fitment in switch boxes ideal for small sizedcabins. Can handle single or dual circuits simultaneously. Elimination of wiring

Solar Based wireless sensors with chargeable battery. Based on 868 MHzfrequency and the patented ENOCEAN Technology.

High Bay sensors for warehouses, sports halls, arenas. These can bemounted at ceiling heights of 10 to 15 meters.

Long Range sensors for sensing diameters of 24 meters or more. Suitablefor Car Parks

Sensors that work on a Master & Slave format. Ideal for car parks, long corridors,stairways, basements etc


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PIR Sensor Technology


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Pyro Detection for PIR Sensors

Price increases as the detection area increases

Price increases as the number of pyro detector increases


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High Frequency sensor Technology

Fig. Shows the principle of operation of HF sensor.

A sensor with transmitter and receiver

The transmitter of the high frequency module sends electromagnetic

waves and receives the echo reflected by walls and objects.Echo on Occupancy Constant wave Echo without Occupancy


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Differences between PIR and High Frequency


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Corridors & Staircase 30% - 80%

Basement Parking Areas 70%

Restrooms & Toilets 30% - 90%

Conference Rooms 22% - 65%

Office Cabins 13% -50%

Storage Areas 45% - 80%

Open Plan Office 20% - 28%

Auditoriums 40% - 46%

Lift / Elevator landing Lobbies 15%

COMMON AREAS OF APPLICATION WITH BENCHMARK

SAVINGS


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Things to be Considered

Whether the sensor is tropicalized forIndian Power Conditions and Gen-set operations Whether or not they are comparing similar features of sensors offered by different vendors Whether a sensor is actually required for an application Whether the vendor has done a Data logging exercise for determining the occupancy pattern and payback Whether the vendor has conducted a site survey to determine the actual requirement Whether the sensor reacts adversely to a high harmonic infested circuit Whether the sensor reacts adversely to mobile phones or radio handsets. Whether the sensor has a robust algorithm for reset management.

Whether the sensor switches the loads at the zero cross over of a sinusoidal wave form What is the life cycle of the electromechanical relay or solid state switching device in the sensor Whether the sensor is suitably rated for ingress protection [IP] in consonance with the application How does the sensor reacts adversely when placed in close proximity to the lighting loads Does it have a Dead Time Zone feature in the algorithm. Does it have a built in redundancy for obviating false trigger situations Does it serve the required purpose when the time delay is kept to its minimum setting and not maximum setting Whether the sensor is vandal proofed. Whether the faulty sensor can be replaced without dismounting the chassis. Simply speaking is it easy to diagnose

and rectify the fault. Whether the vendor is supplying a motion sensor in place of an occupancy sensor Whether a manual bypass facility is available in case of any fault. Whether the sensor has adequate protection or shields against unsolicited movement e.g. ceiling fans, HVAC

draughts, open windows, motion across glass walls etc. Can the sensor chassis be installed at the time of the electrification without exposing the PCB and electronics to

the site conditions Does it conform to a set of internationally accepted quality standards


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N N N L L L


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WITH LIGHTING LOAD AND HVAC

N

N

N

L

L

L


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CIRCUITDIAGRAM WITH LIGHTING LOAD AND AIRCONDITIONING

N

N

N

L

L

L

LIGHTINGCIRCUIT


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