RT-130WFSTAR

Distant Learning Part of a Blended Class

2021

Mission Statement

To provide Animal Rescue Training to any agency that would benefit from learning how to save animals using Fire Rescue Standards, and to provide that training in conjunction with other agencies because joint training leads to smooth interagency calls.

RT-130WFSTAR

2021

Logo for Educational

Purpose Only

The course, instructor and curriculum meet the minimum standards set forth by NWCG.

Terminal Learning Objective

At the end of this Distant Learning Class the student will have a refresher of previously learned information and new information for a Wildland Fire Animal Evac.

Students will complete a written quiz.

A Fire Shelter Deployment Drill will be included in the hands-on portion of the class.

Students must pass the quiz with a 80% and Deploy a simulated Fire Shelter in 30 sec.

Syllabus

• Complete Hands-On Class

• Review Slides and Videos

• Test yourself by answering questions on the Slides

• Take Online Quiz

NWCG RT-130,

Wildland Fire Safety

Training Annual

Refresher Intent

• The intent of RT-130, Wildland Fire Safety Training Annual Refresher (WFSTAR) is to focus line-going personnel on operations and decision-making issues related to fire line and all-hazard incident safety in order to recognize and mitigate risk, maintain safe and effective practices, and reduce accidents and near misses.

NWCG Target Group

• RT-130 is required for designated positions in order to maintain currency, for all personnel assigned to positions with fire line duties, and for any position assigned to the fire line for non-suppression tasks.

NWCG Core Components

• Local Topics

• Incident Reviews and Lessons Learned

• Fire and Aviation Operational Safety

• Human Factors, Communication and Decision Making

• Fire Shelters and Entrapment Avoidance

Test YourselfTake a minute and try to answer the slides with questions before you go to the next slide to see how much you remember from past Rt-130

Classes

Local Topics•WFSTAR Year In Review.

•Previous fire season statistics.

•Current national and local Predictive Services products for upcoming fire season.

•Local Fire Management updates and expectations.

•Local staffing and availability updates.

2019 Valley Fire News Summeryhttps://youtu.be/_zWzesfkuKs

2019 Willow Fire New Summeryhttps://youtu.be/OG8-xe5W-HA

Click on the links and watch these videos

Look at the number of Fires in San Diego

Wildland Fire Animal Evac Personnel Positions

• Scout

• Transport/Mobile

• Large Animal Sheltering/Receiving

• Communications

• Resource And Tracking

• Incident Command

• Logistics

• Handling

• Rescue

• Finance

• Planning

Incident Reviews and Lessons

Learned•Responding to an incident within an incident utilizing the Medical Incident Report.

•Local lessons learned.

Responding to an incident

within an incident

utilizing the Medical Incident Report.

establish control of the incident, whether routine or life-threatening, by initiating a new Incident Command System,

Establish

have a systematic standard process for reporting medical incidents/injuries, similar to a fire size-up for initial attack, and

Have

enable any firefighter, with prior training and direction, to fill it out and transmit the information

Enable

Medical Incident Report (MIR) Triage System

Sample MIR Over the Radio• “Dispatch, Task Force Leader (TFLD) Jones. Standby for

Priority Medical Incident Report. 1. All other radio traffic please hold, break” (pause/wait for response). “2. Incident Status: Nature of Illness is chest pain. Incident Name is Tank Medical. IC will be TFLD Jones. Patient Care will be Paramedic Smith. Break (pause again). 3. Initial Patient Assessment is…”).

• When using the MIR during a Multi-Casualty Incident (MCI), state the number injured and their severity (Section 3: e.g., “3. Initial Patient Assessment, I have five patients. three Reds, one Yellow, and one Green. Mechanism of Injury is...”).

2020 Valley

Fire Burn Over TRA

• Several SDHS ERT Team Members were trapped in a Burn Over and needed to use their vehicle as a Temporary Refuge Area (TRA)

• The dangerous part of using a Vehicle as a TRA is if the windows fail and allow hot gasses to rapidly enter.

• When using a TRA your Fire Shelter should be very accessible. It is Ok to deploy a Fire Shelter in a vehicle as a shield if you feel it is needed.

• The Vehicle should be running with the AC on high and facing away from the approaching Fire. The vehicle should be turned around once the Fire passes.

• This TRA was successful because it combined a good safety zone, an experienced Scout and a Fire BC that was on scene to direct the incident.

Fire and Aviation Operational Safety

• LCES, Standard Firefighting Orders

• Equipment

• Safety Zones.

• Weather and fire behavior.

• Wildland Urban Interface.

• Driving Safety

• All hazard response

L C E S

L_____________

C_____________

E_____________

S_____________

L C E S

Lookout

Identify where and who is going to be the lookout

Must have fire behavior knowledge

Communications

Radio Plus back up visual or sound

If Radio only you need to check in every 5 min.

Escape RoutesVehicles parked for Escape

Safety ZonesSurvivable without Fire Shelter

What is the difference between Safety Zone and Deployment Site?

What is the difference between Safety Zone and Deployment Site?

Safety Zone: Area where Fire Shelter is not needed to be safe from the Fire

Deployment Site: Best place to Deploy Fire Shelter

Safety Zone

• Take advantage of Heat buffers (Large rocks, Water)

• Avoid locations upslope or downwind

• Separation distance 8-13x Constant Vegetation Height

• Depends on Wind and Slope

• Distance measured from center of Safety to sides

Entrapment Avoidance

What must you know to

be safe?

• ________________

• ________________

Entrapment Avoidance

What must you know to be safe?

These two things make up all 10 of the Fire Fighter Orders.

LCES

Look Out * Comms * Escape Route * Safety Zone

Fire Fighter Orders 1 & 2

Know what the Weather and the Fire are doing at all times

This is very Important, so we are covering it twice.

Safety Zone VS Deployment Site?

Safety Zone VS Deployment Site?

Safety Zone

• You can survive without a fire Shelter

Deployment Site

• A good place to deploy your fire Shelter

What size Safety Zone do you need?&How do you calculate it?

Fuel Height x 8 = Safety Zone (Flat/No Wind)

Slop/Wind Factor: 1 - 6

Consistent Fuel Height x 10 = Safety Zone

10x is a Good Average # to Use

What size Safety Zone do you need?&How do you calculate it?

Use this chart to predict Slope-Wind Factor

What is the Safety Zone?

6’

Consistent Fuel Height 6’Slope 10 degreesWind 15 degrees

6’

6’ x 10 = 60’ Safety Zone

• Why do we say take 5 @ 2?

• The most dangerous time for a Fire to Blowup is from 2-4 in the afternoon.

• A good practice is to take 5 minutes evaluate if it is still Safe to continue what you are doing at 2pm.

• This diagram shows when major Fires have Blown Up in the past.

What are Fire Hazards?

What are Buffers or Fire Breaks?

What are Fire Hazards?Anything that might burn or blow up

What are Buffers or Fire Breaks?Anything that might stop or slow fire

Absolutes for all Evacuations

• Keep it simple (KIS)• The more complicated the more

problems that can come up

• Document as much as possible

• Have Multiple Plans

• Rescue Priority Levels

• 1- Human Victim

• 2- Animal Victim

• 3- Equipment

• Is it ok for a Scout to help load animals if they are the only Scout on scene?

• What is the Scout Staging area behind Fire Lines used for?

• What are Scouts doing when not on a call?

• Where is Mobile/Transport when not on a call?

• If you lose communication with IC you must ____.

.

Is it ok for a Scout to help load animals if they are the only Scout on scene?

• No, the Scout must monitor the fire at all times

What is the Scout Staging area behind Fire Lines used for?

• A predetermined location for Scout and Mobile/Transport to meet before going to the scene

What are Scouts doing when not on a call?

• Scouting the area and monitoring Fire through scanner, visual and weather info

Where is Mobile/Transport when not on a call?

• Staging Area

If you lose communication with IC you must ____.

• Complete the call if it is safe and then return to IC or restore communication with IC.

What is the difference between Evacuate and Withdraw?

What is the difference between Evacuate and Withdraw?

Evacuate means to remove Animals or People from harm

Withdraw means to remove yourself from harm

FIRE BEHAVIORand the

Dangers it Creates

Why is it important for Emergency Team Members to

know about Fire Behavior?

Why is it important for FIRE Emergency Team Members to know about Fire Behavior?

Safety!!

• What are the 3 parts of the Fire Behavior Triangle?

• What is the biggest factor determining burn direction?

What is the biggest factor

determining burn direction?

Wind direction

Topography is 2nd

What type of Cloud is this?

Cumulonimbus

What type of Cloud is this?

Stratus

Identify the Parts of the Fire

• Origin

• Head

• Flank

• Rear/Heel

• Perimeter

• Finger

• Pocket

• Island

• Spot Fire

0B-03-S130-EP

Left

Flank

Head

Heel

Right Flank

Spot Fire

Parts of the Fire

• Origin

• Head

• Flank

• Rear/Heel

• Perimeter

• Finger

• Pocket

• Island

• Spot Fire

0B-03-S130-EP

Origin

Finger

Finger

Pocket

• What is Rate of Spread?

• What is Fire Intensity?

• What is the fastest part of the fire

• Slowest part of the Fire

• What is a Head Fire

• Is a Backing or Heal Fire moving with or against the wind

• What is a Flanking Fire

• What is Rate of Spread

• How fast the fire is moving

• What is Fire Intensity?

• How Hot (measured in BTU)

• What is the fastest part of the fire

• Front or Head

• Slowest part of the Fire

• Back or Rear

• What is a Head Fire

• Fire that spreads with the wind

• Is a Backing or Heal Fire moving with or against the wind

• Against the wind

• What is a Flanking Fire

• Fire moving perpendicular to the wind

3 Types of Wild Fires

What is the fastest type of Fire

What is a fire ladder as it relates to fire

behavior?

What is Flash Over Fire?

What is Roll Over Fire?

What is the minimum Defensible Space a house is supposed to have?

What is the fastest type of Fire

a. Crown

b. Surface Fire is a close 2nd

c. Most of the time all 3 types of fire

burn together

What is a fire ladder as it relates to fire

behavior?

a. A ladder of fuel that takes a fire

between Ground, Surface and

Crown

What is Flash Over Fire?

1.When an area of fuel ignites almost instantly2. This happens with light dry fuels like dead grass

What is Roll Over Fire?When Gases or Smoke Ignites

What is the minimum Defensible Space a house is supposed to have?

100 FT

Stable or Unstable Air?

Unstable Air causes Fire whirl

Stable Air or Unstable Air

Stable Air

• Smoke will hang in the air and not move

• Visibility is poor

• Fire burns more slowly

Stable Air or Unstable Air

Unstable Air

• Smoke moves fast

• Smoke usually moves up into a column

• Fast Fire Burn

• Usually better visibility than Stable Air

What is more dangerous Stable or Unstable Air in a Wildland Fire?

What is more dangerous Stable or Unstable Air in a Wildland Fire?

Both are dangerous.

Stable Air will cause slower rate of spread but poor visibility.

Unstable Air will cause a faster rate of spread and more unpredictable fire behavior. Visibility is usually better.

•What is larger Flame Height or Flame Length

•What is larger Flame Height or Flame LengthFlame Length

• What are the 4 Fire Conditions that make even a small fire dangerous? These are known as the Fire Factors.

• Fire Factors

• Temp: Over 85 degrees

• Humidity: Below 25%

• Wind: Over 10 MPH

• Slope: Over 45%

Fire Behavior Predictions

Take time as you enter the neighborhood of the Evac Site to look at the fire and evaluate Size,

Location, Terrain and Wind. If you find a good vantage point

stop and get out of your Vehicle.

A Fire Estimate must be made in order to evaluate the site for

Safety Zones.

Set Mental Perimeters to help gauge fire distance

Look Listen and Feel

Read the SmokeTake readings if you have a

weather instrument

Look, Listen and Feel

Look

• Direction Trees and Smoke are moving

• Direction Flames are leaning

• Terrain: Upslope or downslope

Listen

• You can see much farther than you can hear. The Fire is getting close if you can hear it.

Feel

• The Air Temp will change

• Wind direction

Read the SmokeWhat are the 4 parts of Smoke?

• V_____________

• V_____________

• D_____________

• C_____________

Read the SmokeWhat are the 4 parts of Smoke?

• Volume

• Velocity

• Pressurized vs Laminar (slow moving)

• Density

• Color

• Dark Yellow/Brown = possible Backdraft

• Black = heaver thicker fuels

• Dark Black = oils or incomplete combustion

• Gray = light Fuel Load or Class A Products

• White = Steam or very light fuel

When should you use a Weather Instrument and what are you looking for?

Weather Instruments

• Take reading soon after you are on scene as a baseline. Take additional readings while on scene.

• Items to look at

• Wind Speed

• Wind Direction

• Humidity

• Temp

• PIG (Probability of Ignition)

• Fine Dead Fuel Moisture

Probability of Ignition (PIG)

• The percent of likelihood that a spot fire will ignite into a Fire

• The higher the percentage the more likely a Fire will ignite from an ember or Fire Brand

Signs of Smoke Inhalation Exposure

Signs of Smoke Inhalation Exposure

What’s in Wildland SmokeCarbon Monoxide, Aldehydes, Nitrogen & Sulfur Oxide, Some Large Particulates and Many Small Particulates

Smoke can ignite and burn your lungs

Signs of too much Smoke ExposureRaw Throat, Headache, Slow & Impaired ThinkingIncreased Heart and Breathing RatesDecreased Ability to perform Risk Management

How to mitigate smoke exposureBe in good cardiovascular shapeWear a maskBreathe clean air

Incident Response Pocket Guide

Purpose:

To serve as a field reference guide that is comprised of checklists and other information considered to be Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s).

01-81-S131-EP

Ten Standard Firefighting Orders

Locatedback cover-outside of IRPG

1. Keep informed on fire weather

conditions and forecasts.

2. Know what your fire is doing at all

times.

3. Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire.

4. Identify escape routes and safety zones and make

them known.

5. Post lookouts when there is

possible danger.

6. Be alert. Keep calm. Think clearly.

Act decisively.

7. Maintain prompt communications with

your forces, your supervisor, and

adjoining forces.

8. Give clear instructions and insure they are

understood.

9. Maintain control of your forces at all

times.

10. Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety

first.

18 Watch out

Situations

Located back cover

of IRPG

• 1. Fire not scouted and sized up.

• 2. In country not seen in daylight.

• 3. Safety zones and escape routes not identified.

• 4. Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior.

• 5. Uninformed on strategy, tactics, and hazards.

• 6. Instructions and assignments not clear.

• 7. No communication link with crewmembers/supervisors.

• 8. Constructing line without safe anchor point.

• 9. Building fire line downhill with fire below.

• 10. Attempting frontal assault on fire.

• 11. Unburned fuel between you and the fire.

• 12. Cannot see main fire, not in contact with anyone who can.

• 13. On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below.

• 14. Weather is getting hotter and drier.

• 15. Wind increases and/or changes direction.

• 16. Getting frequent spot fires across line.

• 17. Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult.

• 18. Taking a nap near the fire line.

What is the number one cause of injuries

during a Wildland Fire?

What is the number one cause of injuries during a Wildland Fire?

Vehicle Accidents

What are some Driving Dangers?

Driving Dangers

• Over Hanging Trees

• Fire Burning on the down hill side of the road with unburned area next to the road

• Heavy Vegetation less than 30’ from road

• Heavy Smoke can stall a vehicle

• Driving off the road due to poor visibility

• Getting to far ahead of your Mobile/Transport unit

Equipment and Tools

Water & Food for 48 Hours

Phone, Tablet & Chargers

Batteries

Binoculars & Weather Reader (If Scout)

Lights: Helmet, Hand and Body

IFAK (TQ Minimum)

Webbing 15’-20’ with carabineer

Hand Held Radio, 2 if possible

Extra Clothes, Sleeping Items, Toiletries & Towel

PPE

• Helmet

• Yellow, NFPA Rated or Similar Ratings, Mounted Light

• Eye protection

• Fire Rated

• Boots

• Black 8” NFPA 1977 Fire Boots

• Gloves

• Leather

• Shirt

• Long sleeve shirt 100% Cotton

• Pants & Under Garments

• 100 % Cotton

• Approved Fire Gear

• Pants and Jacket

• Shelter

• Face & Neck Shield

• Air Mask or bandana

COVID 19 Masks

• All PPE worn in a Wildland Fire environment should be Nomex, FR or 100% cotton.

• Fresh air is the best defense for your body to combat the effects of smoke exposure. Remove your mask when ever possible and breath fresh air.

• Abide by current agency policies regarding COVID-19 safety.

Human Factors, Communication and Decision Making

• Command

• Communication Responsibilities

• Situational Awareness

Chain of Command

IC Chain of Command

ICP

In Safe Zone

Scout

Scene IC & Safety

Mobile/Transport

/Handler Leader

In Charge of Animal

Safety

Chain of Command on a Fire or Scenario Training

There is no rank while IC is active. All command positions are suspended until IC is complete.

Chain of command is very important during a Fire for safety and efficiency of the call.

If a team member sees a non-life threating problem, they are to tell their team leader.

If a team member sees an immediate life threating problem, they are to call STOP!

Scouts are in charge of the rescue scene and need to know when to say it is time to leave or move to a safe zone

Communications

• Number one biggest problem on a FIRE.

• 2011 SAFENET Report

• 56% of Wildfire Problems were Communications

Michel Schumacher, 7-time F1 World Champion, would not complain about his team or the car until he did everything, he could do to make himself and the situation better.

The best thing you can do to improve Comms is to make sure that your part is as good as it can be.

Communication Equipment

• VHF Radio System- Comm 15, AR Tac, MURS

• UHF Radio System – Gold, Red, FRS

• 800 Radio System- RCS System

• VHF Races - Ham Radio (UHF/VHF frequencies)

• Cell Phone

• Text (Cell Network)

• Text (Sat Network)

• Scanner

Los Pinos (Lake Moreno)

White Star (Cal Fire)

Lyons Peak

San Miguel Mt

Monument Peak

Borrego Springs

North Peak

Lake San Marcos

Rainbow (Red Mt)

Palomar Mt

Repeaters

▪ VHF ▪ UHF ▪ VHF and UHF

Black Mountain

Typical Comms

Scout to Command: Leaving Staging with Mobile Call #6

Scout to Mobile: Stage at this location

Scout to Command : Scout on scene Call #6 Mobile Staged off location.

Scout to Command : Scout and Mobile on location Call #6. IAP is to Evac known Animals plus two dogs

Scout to Command : Scout and Mobile leaving Call #6 with Evac complete.

Scout to Command : Scout and Mobile have separated with Mobile in route to Receiving and Scout on Fire Size Up and clear for new call.

Watch the following Video

• FIRE TRAINING - Radio Communications Procedures

• https://youtu.be/VLC_AuNhDak

4 C’s of Communication

1. Connect 2. Convey 3. Clarify 4. Confirm

S1: Mobile 3 from Scout 1

M3: Mobile 3

S1: Don’t proceed to location

M3: Copy

S1: Scout 1 Copy

Before you go to the next slide re-write this Comm.

4 C’s of Communication

1. Connect 2. Convey 3. Clarify 4. Confirm

S1: 883 from 959

M3: 883

S1: 883 maintain position

M3: Copy, 883 is maintaining position

S1: Affirmative 883

S1: 959 Clear

This is one example of a good Communication.

Know the Phonetic AlphabetBefore you go to the next slide write out the Phonetic Alphabet and see how much you know.

CAN Report

Conditions Actions Needs

Relay this information to Dispatch shortly

after arriving on Scene.

Example

Scout 959 arrived call #3

Starting Evac of 2 horses

No additional Resources needed

Fire IC

• Will be located out of the back of a Truck at first and then will become a small city if the Fire continues.

If you are asked to go to Fire IC

Ask who the IC is if you are unsure.

Introduce yourself and give them a card with the name and number of the person in charge.

Let them know your location if the need anything.

You should be close but Stay Out Of The Fire IC Box

Most Chiefs will create a Box around the area they are running IC from. It is usually not marked but it does exist.

The Fire IC Box

This Fire IC is using two trucks. The one on the right is for Comms and the one on the left is IC.

Do not talk close to the Radios or disrupt the IC and step away to use the phone.

The Fire IC Box

See how the officer in the picture is inside the box and blocking one of the IC Personnel from getting to the radio.

Situational Awareness

• During the Valley Fire Scout 959 (Gilden) was tasked with retrieving personnel after the Burn Over.

• Gilden was not able to make it to the pick-up spot a couple of miles from his location due to the Fire blocking the road.

• Every time Gilden was directed to new path by Fire Personnel he was stopped by the changing Fire Front.

• Gilden was so focused on completing the Task that he lost Situational Awareness. This caused needed personnel to be out of service for hours.

• What Gilden should have done is radio ICP when he was first stopped by the Fire and suggested they send another vehicle from a completely different direction while he continued to look for a safe path through the Fire.

• ICP relies on Field Personnel to make informed suggestions based on the firsthand information we see in the field.

• It is easy for the situation get away from you especially when it is one small thing after another that goes wrong. You don’t see the change in the situation until it becomes completely out of control.

Fire Shelters and Entrapment Avoidance• Demonstration of Fire Shelter Deployment will be

covered in the Hands-On portion of the Class.

• Video Review of Shelter Deployments

• Fire Shelter Usage and Deployment Information

FIRE SHELTER

The following Slides along with the attached PDF PMS411 will give you a good knowledge base of how and when to use your Fire Shelter.

The following videos cover real life deployments.

1. Mudd Fire https://youtu.be/fqhpmt9zRLQ

2. Seven Oak Fire https://youtu.be/3d1ImYBJY-g

3. Indians Fire https://youtu.be/dHic7Eo1y_c

4. Santiago Fire https://youtu.be/0Xg4nRipgEg

FIRE SHELTER

• What is a Safe Zone?

• Do you need to deploy Fire Shelter in a Safe Zone?

• What fire gear can you remove when you are driving behind the Fire Line?

• When you get out of your vehicle what is the first thing you must do?

• Fire Shelter Deployment Steps

FIRE SHELTER• What is a Safe Zone?

• An area behind Fire lines that is deemed safe

• Do you need to deploy Fire Shelter in a Safe Zone?

• No

• What fire gear can you remove when you are driving behind the Fire Line?

• helmet

• gloves

• webbing

• When you get out of your vehicle what is the first thing you must do?

• Full Gear including Fire Shelter

• Fire Shelter Deployment Steps

• Get clear of Hazards

• Drop Webbing

• Deploy Shelter

• Feet to the Fire

• Make Air Pocket with hands

• Stay in Shelter until you are told to come out

2 Most Important Functions of a Fire Shelter

2 Most Important Functions of a Fire Shelter

1. To reflect radiant heat.

2. To provide cooler, breathable

air to protect your lungs

and airway.

04C-115-S130-EP

What does LUNAR Stand

For?Emergency Fire Shelter Deployment

Emergency Fire Shelter Deployment

The info you should transmit over the radio

Transmit “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday”

Give the following info:

L. Location

U. Unit

N. Name

A. Assignment

R. Resources Needed

Mandatory Carrying

Fire shelter will be carried by…

• All fire line personnel during fire suppression and prescribed fire operations.

• All fire support personnel who may be required to enter a fire area.

04C-118-S130-EP

List the 8 Care & Handling Rules for Fire Shelter

Fire ShelterCare & Handling Rules

1. Keep shelter away from sharp objects.

2. Do not load heavy objects on top of shelter.

3. Avoid rough handling.

4. Do not lean against objects when wearing shelter.

5. Do not sit on shelter or use as a pillow.

6. Carry in polyethylene liner.

7. Carry where you can reach; NEVER inside your pack.

8. Treat your fire shelter with respect.

Fire Shelter Inspection

Items that will take the Shelter OUT OF SERVICE

• Moisture in Bag

• Holes in outer Bag

• Bag Dark Gray Color with Label Unreadable

• More than 3 Holes less than a ½ Inch or any Hole over ½ Inch on Shelter

• Red R on White Label

• Yellow Re-bag Label

Escape if you can

List as many Escape Strategies that you can think off that would keep you form Fire

Shelter deployment

Escape if you can

• Use all your PPE and act immediately on your best option.

• Drop your gear (keep your fire shelter, hand tool, quart of water, and radio).

• You may be able to use the fire shelter for a heat shield as you move.

• In LIGHT FUELS, you may be able to move through the flames into the black.

• If you are on the flank of the fire, try to get below the fire.

• Consider vehicles for escape.

Find a survivable area

List Things to consider when looking for a survivable area

Find a survivable area

• Use bodies of water that are out of hazardous terrain features.

• more than 2 feet deep.

• In LIGHT FUELS, you may be able to light an escape fire. In other fuels, you may be able to light a backfire.

• Call for helicopter or retardant drops. Mixed retardant weighs 9 lbs. per gallon. Plain water weighs 8.35 lbs. per gallon. Don’t Get Hit!

• Cut and scatter fuels if there is time.

• Use any available heat barriers such as large rocks and dozer berms.

• Consider vehicle traffic hazards on roads.

• Structures and vehicles may be an option for a temporary refuge Area. (TRA)

Pick a fire shelter deployment site

What makes a good Deployment site?

Pick a fire shelter deployment site

• Find the lowest point available.

• Maximize distance from nearest aerial fuels, heavy fuels, and snags.

• Pick a surface that allows the fire shelter to seal and remove ground fuels.

• Get into the fire shelter before the flame front hits.

• Position your feet toward the fire and hold down the fire shelter.

• Keep your face pressed into the ground and protect your airway.

• Deploy next to each other and keep talking.

What You Can Expect

List some things that will happen in a Fire Shelter

What You Can Expect

Extremely heavy ember showers.

Superheated air blast to hit before the flame front hits.

Noise and turbulent powerful winds hitting the fire shelter.

Heat and fire glow inside the fire shelter.

Long deployment times…WHEN IN DOUBT WAIT IT OUT.

List Items to Wear/Take into the Fire Shelter

Items to Wear/Take into Fire Shelter

1. Gloves

2. Radio

3. Helmet

4. Full PPE

5. Nomex or 100% Cotton Face Mask

6. Water

04C-131-S130-EP

Watch the below Videos

• https://youtu.be/SB4pk91yq24 Fire Behavior

• https://youtu.be/pPQpgSXG1n0 Wildland/Urban

• https://youtu.be/3pfbwJLJA_s Webbing Drag

• https://youtu.be/0gqTbJSQL_U Smoke Danger

• https://youtu.be/6MHeNCmAKdY Communication

• https://youtu.be/NFq7w3M5cqI Wildland overview

• https://youtu.be/0lPPuHwi5XA Power House Fire

• https://youtu.be/xSG-U8BeOeU NWCG Driving Class

Let’s See What You Know

• Use the link below to take the quiz.

• There is no limit to the number of times you can take the quiz.

• If you view your answers at the end you will get additional information.

• When you pass with an 80% you will receive a Certificate.

• https://forms.gle/DpZN6sKpCg6krqDj7

Summary

This is aBlended Class

with Instructor-led

and Self-directed Components

A Calendar of all classes can be found at

www.animalfirerescue.com

You must complete both the Hands-On portion and the Online portion of the Class to complete

this WFSTAR RT-130 Class.

Acknowledgements and Resource Material

• California State Fire Marshal • www.osfm.fire.ca.gov/

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)• http://www.nfpa.org/

• National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG)• https://www.nwcg.gov/

Thank You For AttendingKen Gilden