rubber test
TRANSCRIPT
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tafila technical university
Faculty engineering
Experiment #3
Rubber test
Name: Salam Fayez Albaradie
Lecturer name: Dr.Tamer Alshaqarin
Date of submission: 23/3/2014
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1. Introduction
Modulus of Rigidity or (Shear Modulus) which relates the components of the shearing Stress
and shearing strain is the coefficient of elasticity for a shearing force. It is defined as "the
ratio of shear stress to the displacement per unit sample length (shear strain)".
FIG (1): Shear stress and Shear strain
Rubber, there is two type of it. The nature rubber which formed naturally as a bark of a tree
and industrial rubber _which will be used in this report_ which used in wide Range as a
vibrations resistant in cars, engines, and other machines and it do this by Absorbing shock
energy by deforming, this deformation leads to a decrease in cross-section As the block
lengthens. An effect described by Poisson's Ratio. Poisson’s ratio means that when a material
is stretched in one direction it tends to become thinner in other two directions.
2. Objective
Measure the shear deformation of the block.
To determine the variations of deflection with applied load.
To investigate the relationship between shear stress and shear strain.
Determination of Modulus of Rigidity.
Become familiar with Modulus of Rigidity, and its experiment.
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3. Equipment
A rubber block 150 x 75 x 25 mm is bonded to two aluminum alloy plates. One of the Plates
is pined to wall. And there is a weight hanger (which have the load). And a dial gauge to
indicate the deformations in rubber block. See Fig (2) and there is some blocks used to apply
forces. See Fig (3)
4. Procedure
1. At first, adjust the dial gauge to zero reading. To avoid Zero error.
2. Put a weights, start from 5 N to 30 N, in 5 N increments.
3. After each 10 N write down the reading of the dial gauge (which represent the
Deformation of the rubber block), until the travel of the gauge is exceeded.
4. Record the reading in table (1).
5. Plot the results, and calculate the Modulus of Rigidity G.
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5. Results
Table (1): Recorded Readings
force N elongation(mm) area m^2 shear (kpa) length (mm) tan(Strain
angle rad)
Strain angle
rad
4.9 0.11 0.00375 1.306666667 75 2.55852E-05 2.55852E-05
9.8 0.26 2.613333333 6.04738E-05 6.04741E-05
14.7 0.44 3.92 0.00010234 0.000102341
19.6 0.63 5.226666667 0.00014653 0.000146533
24.5 0.84 6.533333333 0.00019537 0.000195378
29.4 1.4 7.84 0.000325592 0.00032563
At first place the relationship between shear and strain angle, and calculate the Modulus of
Rigidity G.
These are the mathematical equations
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FIG (4): Shear stress and Shear strain
Slope= the Modulus of Rigidity = 21.8 (mpa)
6. Comments and Recommendations
Errors founded and may be affected on results in the experiment due to many reasons listed
below:
1. Zero error: If the dial gauge’s reading isn’t zero at zero loads.
2. Human error: if the experimenter red the dial gauges and calculates incorrectly.
3. Environmental error: environment affects in rubber block properties, which
Mean that the reading of dial gauge which represent the deflection in rubber
Block depends on the temperature of the lab.
7. References
1. Books:
1. Beer, Ferdinand and other, Mechanics of Materials, 6th edition, Mc Graw Hill,2012.
2. Websites: 1. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/modulus-rigidity-d_946.html
2. http://eng.najah.edu/apparatus/2265
y = 21824x + 1.4602 R² = 0.93
0
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9
0.00E+00 5.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.50E-04 2.00E-04 2.50E-04 3.00E-04 3.50E-04
she
ar (
kpa)
(Strain angle rad)