Define ‘reactionary’

Talking points

Rules Everyone speaks Everyone gives their opinions and why No one interrupts Everyone listens to each other

Talking points

Alexander 3 was a reactionary

Russia lacked an industrial workforce

There was no innovation in agriculture under the Tsars

Reaction and reform

Economic development1855-1894

Why necessary?

Crimean war Lack of industrialisation Role of the state Riots Fear of the peasants

Financial reform – Reutern (62 – 76)

Needs of the state most important – state bank – industrial enterprises => private banks

Growth in investment Growth in railway funded by loans Prevention of waste as accounts

published Tax on vodka production – end of

corruption and re-investment

Financial reform – Bunge (81-87)

Fiscal reform Peasant State Bank Nobles State bank Abolition of the poll tax Protectionism via tariffs Factory inspectorate Planned income tax but failed to intro

Financial reform – Vyshnegradski (87-92)

Highest tariffs in Russian history State played an active role in the

economy Encouraged foreign investment Tariff protection Promoted Heavy industry

Industry

Huge development Most still cottage workers Growth of railway…………..

Results

1894 – still little change No real desire to improve working

conditions

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Background Positions of power Aims Actions Success Failures

Background Positions of power Aims Actions Success Failures